The considerable increase in international trade and migration flows can be treated as the consequence of globalization and economic integration process during the recent years. The issue of immigration impact on trade has been studied a lot since the middle of 1990s and a significant and positive effect was found in most of the cases. This paper contributes to previous studies by investigating the impact of immigrants from 155 countries on Sweden’s exports to and imports from these countries during the period from 1980 till 2010, using an augmented gravity model. The impact of immigrants on exports and imports is studied separately by looking at the whole period results and the dynamic of changes within the period. Besides this the influence of immigrants’ home countries peculiarities (by dividing them on regions and level of development) and immigrants’ type (immigrant stock, immigrant flow and asylum seekers) is tested. To the best of my knowledge it is the first study that implements this variety of classification tests for Swedish data. The empirical results suggest that a 10 % increase in immigrant stock facilitates a 1% increase in exports to and a 0.5% increase of Sweden’s imports from the immigrants’ home countries. There is a tendency of gradual decrease of immigrants’ impact on both exports and imports within the period under consideration. According to the different classification tests the immigrants from Africa have the largest impact on Sweden’s exports, though European immigrants have the largest impact on imports; Swedish foreign born population from developed countries more facilitate trade than those who are from developing; new comers and temporary immigrants have almost the same impact on exports as the total immigrant stock, but there is even slightly negative effect on trade by asylum seekers.

This dissertation investigates the ethnic labor market activities of the Latina/os. This study is important since regardless of their historical and increasing presence in the U.S., Latinos continue to find themselves disproportionately at the bottom of the social hierarchy (Saenz, Morales, and Ayala 2004). Furthermore, due to their lack of access, a significant amount of the members of this group are turning to employment in an ethnic niche. While there is no consensus as to what exactly constitutes an ethnic niche, a distinct characteristic is the co-ethnic nature of the work environments. Special focus is placed on how immigration status/nativity, gender, nativity, and skin color influences job search activities and wage differentials in the ethnic niche. While these factors have been found to impact the mainstream labor market, our knowledge of how these factors operate in a work environment with a dominant presence of co-ethnics is ambiguous. Utilizing data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), results show that Latina/os workers in co-ethnic niches receive fewer economic rewards than their ethnic counterparts in the general labor market. Furthermore, within the Latina/o population dark-skinned individuals are more likely to be employed in ethnic niches while the lighter-skinned are more likely to be employed in the general labor market. When examining the stratification factors of immigration/nativity status, gender, and skin color, in addition to social networks, findings show that these stratification factors operate in a similar fashion in ethnic niches as they do in more mainstream labor markets. Thus these findings question the presumably protective work environment of ethnic niches.

<p>The topic of this thesis is immigration policy in the European Union with focus on the Schengen cooperation and illegal immigration. Immigration policies and other policy areas such as asylum and refugee policies have become hot topics on the EU agenda in recent years. Partly because of cooperations like Schengen, but also because a need of a common immigration and asylum policy has emerged.</p><p>The purpose of the thesis is to give a better understanding of the relations that might be found between illegal immigration to the EU and the Schengen cooperation. Schengen plays an important role in dealing with international migration in the EU and will probably continue to do so in the future.</p><p>The thesis is a comparative case study with Spain and Germany as the two specific cases. Their national immigration policies are examined and put in relation to the Schengen cooperation. The research questions are: What was the basic problem that was supposed to be avoided when incorporating Schengen into the framework of the European Union? How does Spain and Germany deal with the illegal immigration they have been exposed to and what are the similarities and differences between the two countries? How do the Spanish and German actions relate to the Schengen cooperation?</p><p>The result of the study is, when it comes to illegal immigration to the EU there are no functioning systems to handle it. Even though there are cooperations like Schengen, that tries to standardize the management of immigration, illegal immigration included, it seems like the individual countries still prefer to deal with it in their own ways.</p> / <p>Uppsatsen handlar om EU:s immigrationspolitik, med fokus på Schengensamarbetet och illegal immigration. Immigrationspolitiken och andra närliggande politikområden som asylpolitik och flyktingpolitik har blivit heta ämnen på EU:s agenda de senaste åren. Dels på grund av samarbeten som Schengen och dels genom att behovet av en gemensam immigrations- och asylpolitik har uppmärksammats.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge en bättre förståelse för de samband som finns mellan illegal immigration till EU och Schengensamarbetet. Schengen har och kommer antagligen att få en mycket betydande roll för internationell migration och EU.</p><p>Uppsatsen är en komparativ fallstudie där Spanien och Tyskland är de undersökta fallen och deras nationella immigrationspolitik undersöks och sätts sedan i samband med Schengensamarbetet. De frågor som uppsatsen utgår ifrån är: Vad var det grundläggande problem man ville komma tillrätta med då man bestämde sig för att införa Schengensamarbetet i EU: s ramverk? Hur har Spanien och Tyskland hanterat den illegala immigrationen i respektive länder och vad finns det för likheter och skillnader dem emellan? Hur går Spaniens och Tysklands handlande ihop med Schengenavtalet?</p><p>Resultatet av studien är att när det gäller den illegala immigrationen till EU finns det inget fungerande system att hantera den. Även om det finns samarbeten inom EU såsom Schengen som försöker att standardisera hanterandet av immigration, även illegal immigration, verkar det som att de enskilda länderna fortfarande går sina egna vägar.</p>

<p>The aim of this study is to explore how</p><p>European changes in the view on security</p><p>relates to the view on immigration and vice</p><p>versa. The answer to that question is based</p><p>upon collected data from three separate</p><p>time periods; the 1950s, 1970s and 1990s.</p><p>These time periods are seen as important</p><p>historic decades when political changes,</p><p>assumed to have affected the views on</p><p>security and immigration, have occurred.</p><p>According to certain criteria each time</p><p>period has been labelled in terms of</p><p>narrowed/widened view on security as well</p><p>as restrictive/open view on immigration.</p><p>The hypothesis of the study is that, when</p><p>compared, a constant pattern can be seen</p><p>between the historical labels of each</p><p>phenomenon, where a narrow view on</p><p>security goes hand in hand with an open</p><p>view on immigration and similarly a wide</p><p>security view relates to a restrictive view</p><p>on immigration.</p><p>The conclusion of the study gives support</p><p>to the hypothesis. During all three periods</p><p>studied a restrictive view on immigration</p><p>relates to a wider view on security while an</p><p>open view on immigration relates to a</p><p>narrower view on security. This</p><p>relationship goes both ways.</p>

<p>The United States of American has often been called “a nation of immigrants” due to its long immigration history. In fact, it absorbed large numbers of immigrants during the different epochs from all over the world. The economics issues of immigration are play a very important role which becoming increasingly considering. Therefore, the aim of this paper is analyze the trends of immigration to America and the determinants behind the migration decision in the United States. An analysis of the data shows that the migrants flow into America has increased substantially, and the trend of American immigration is upwards after the mid 1960s. From the literature review it appears that the impact of immigration on natives’ earnings and employment, is weak. However factors like wage differential between the origin and host countries, educational attainment and investment in human capital, language proficiency are important determinants of the extent of immigrants integration and assimilation in the new country.</p>

Dissertation--Aachen--Hochschule, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 308-351.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Berlin--Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Humbolt-Universität, 2005. / Notes bibliogr.

Diss.--Philosophie--Uppsala university, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 268-275.

Akademische Abhandlung--Uppsala, 2004. / Bibliogr. p. 154-172.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fakultät für Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften--Universität Leipzig, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 423-449. Index.