951 |
Geographic concentration and firm size: evidence from the manufacturing sector of China.January 2011 (has links)
Jiao, Lin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-48). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.2 / 摘要 --- p.3 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter 2. --- Theoretical Background --- p.12 / Chapter 3. --- Data --- p.15 / Chapter 4. --- Measuring Geographic Concentration/Specialization --- p.16 / Chapter 4.1 --- Various Measurements --- p.16 / Chapter 4.2 --- Geographic Concentration of Industries in China --- p.19 / Chapter 5. --- Geographic Concentration and Firm Size --- p.21 / Chapter 5.1 --- Approach of Holmes and Stevens (2002) --- p.22 / Chapter 5.2 --- Case in China --- p.24 / Chapter 5.3 --- An Alternative Approach --- p.26 / Chapter 6. --- Across Industries and Ownerships --- p.28 / Chapter 6.1 --- Across Industries --- p.28 / Chapter 6.2 --- Across Ownerships --- p.31 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.42 / References --- p.44 / Appendix --- p.58
|
952 |
Full-scale two-phase flow measurements using optical probes on Athena II research vesselJohansen, James Paul 01 May 2010 (has links)
Measurements of gas volume fraction, bubble velocity, chord length and bubble size distributions were performed in the research vessel Athena II operating in Saint Andrew Bay in the gulf coast near Panama City, FL. Double tipped sapphire optical local phase-detection probes were used to acquire indicator functions downstream of the breaking bow wave, behind the masker and at the stern. These indicator functions were also taken at different depths, distances from the hull, operating speeds and headings respect to the waves. The data processing includes the computation of velocity of individual bubbles and chord lengths, resulting in chord length distributions. These chord length distributions are used to obtain bubble size distributions using a novel procedure described in detail. Uncertainty analysis is performed for gas volume fraction, average bubble velocity and chord length. The results indicate that air entrainment increases with ship speed and sailing against the waves at all positions. The bow wave exhibits unsteady breaking that creates bubble clouds, which were characterized and identified by signal processing. At the stern a very strong dependence of bubble size with depth was found, with evidence that bubbles smaller than 500 micrometers are transported through the bottom of the hull and reach the transom. The roller present at the transom, the associated strong unsteadiness and bubble entrainment are well captured, as indicated by the stern results, showing the frothy nature of the upper layer.
|
953 |
Prior Austenite Grain Size Controlled by PrecipitatesLeguen, Claire 05 March 2010 (has links) (PDF)
During this study, the correlation between the evolution of the prior austenitic grain size and of the precipitation state during thermal treatment performed on steels is presented. To do this, the precipitation state has been finely characterized. Precipitate volume fractions were measured by plasma spectroscopy. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the precipitate size distributions (HAADF images) and the precipitate chemical composition (EDX, EELS for carbon and nitrogen). In order to treat ELLS spectra obtained on complex carbonitrides (V,Nb,Ti)(C,N), a routine based on the Least Mean square Fitting have been developed. Results obtained with this method are in gopd agreement with those obtained by EDX analysis for metallic elements (Nb, V, Ti, ...). Then, grain size distributions were determined using a special etching called "Bechet-Beaujard", which reveals the prior austenite grain boundaries. Two alloys have been characterized in this study. (i) A model alloy, the FeVNbCN, which presents two precipitate types, NbC and VCN. This alloy was chosen to study the role of nitrogen on the precipitation state during reversion treatments. A model predicting the precipitation kinetics, coupled with a model for grain growth, give a good agreement with experimental results on grain sizes, precipitate sizes and on precipitate volume fraction. (ii) An industrial steel, the 16MnCr5+Nb was also studied. This alloy exhibits the presence of AlN and NbC precipitates. The correlation obtained between the Prior Austenite Grain Size and the evolution of the precipitation state shows that a large volume fraction of small precipitates allows a great pinning of grain boundaries. Finally, during thermo-mechanical treatments performed in the industry, some large grains may grow faster than smaller grains, leading to the so-called abnormal grain growth. This kind of growth can lead to undesirable mechanical instabilities. We have developed a criterium for abnormal grain growth which predicts the risk of such growth for a given precipitation state. This model presents a good agreement with all experimental results for both studied alloys.
|
954 |
Preparation and characterisation of pheroid vesicles / Charlene Ethel UysUys, Charlene Ethel January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
|
955 |
Functional Similarity Impact On The Relation Between Functional Size And Software Development EffortOzcan Top, Ozden 01 September 2008 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, we identified one of the reasons of the low correlation between functional size and development effort which is overlooking the similarity of the
functions during the mapping of the functional size and development effort. We developed a methodology (SiRFuS) that is based on the idea of the reuse of the
similar functions internally to provide high correlation between functional size and development effort.
The method is developed for the identification of the similar functions based on the method of Santillo and Abran. Similarity percentages among the functional processes
and Similarity Reflective Functional Sizes are computed to attain adjusted functional sizes. The similarity reflective functional sizes were named as Discrete Similarity
Reflective Functional Size and Continuous Similarity Reflective Functional Size
based on the characteristics of the adjusted functional sizes. The SiRFuS method
consists of three stages: measurement of the software product with COSMIC
Functional Size Measurement (FSM) method / identification of the functional similarities bases on the measurement results and calculation of the similarity reflective functional sizes.
In order to facilitate the detection of similar functions, calculation of the percentage of the similarities and similarity reflective functional sizes / a software tool is developed based on the SiRFuS method. Two case studies were performed in order to identify the improvement opportunities
and evaluate the applicability of the method and the tool.
|
956 |
The Increasing Prevalence of Smaller Fish in Highly Exploited Fisheries: Concerns, Diagnosis and Management Solutions.Spencer, Stephen Unknown Date
No description available.
|
957 |
Preparation and characterisation of pheroid vesicles / Charlene Ethel UysUys, Charlene Ethel January 2006 (has links)
Pheroid is a patented system comprising of a unique submicron emulsion type
formulation. Pheroid vesicles consist mainly of plant and essential fatty acids and
can entrap, transport and deliver pharmacologically active compounds and other
useful molecules. The aim of this study was to show that a modulation of
components and parameters is necessary to obtain the optimum formula to be used
in pharmaceutical preparations.
Non-optimal or non-predictable stability properties of emulsions can be limiting for the
applications of emulsions (Bjerregaard et al., 2001:23). Careful consideration was
given to the apparatus used during the processing along with the ratios of the various
components added to the formulation and the storage conditions of the Pheroid
vesicles.
A preliminary study was performed to optimize the most accurate processing
parameters during emulsification. The effect of emulsification rate and time, the
temperature of the aqueous phase, the number of days the water phase were
gassed, the concentration of the surfactant, cremophor® RH 40, used and the
concentration of Vitamin F Ethyl Ester CLR added to the oil phase of the o/w
emulsion has been studied. Quantification of the mean particle size, zeta potential,
turbidity, pH and current values were used to characterize the emulsions. The
samples were characterised after 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage. The
emulsions were also characterised with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
to measure the number and size and size distribution of the vesicles.
After determination of the processing variables influencing the emulsion stability an
accelerated stability test was conducted on a final formula. In the present study,
accelerated stability testing employing elevated temperatures and relative humidity
were used with good accuracy to predict long-term stability of an o/w emulsion kept
at both 5 and 25 OC with 60 % relative humidity and 40 OC with 75 % relative
humidity. The results of the stability tests were presented in histograms of the
physical properties 24 hours, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after preparation of
the emulsion.
It was concluded that Pheroid vesicles demonstrate much potential as a drug delivery
system. The high stability of this formula allows its use in a wide variety of
applications in the pharmaceutical industry. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
|
958 |
Preparation and characterisation of pheroid vesicles / Charlene Ethel UysUys, Charlene Ethel January 2006 (has links)
Pheroid is a patented system comprising of a unique submicron emulsion type
formulation. Pheroid vesicles consist mainly of plant and essential fatty acids and
can entrap, transport and deliver pharmacologically active compounds and other
useful molecules. The aim of this study was to show that a modulation of
components and parameters is necessary to obtain the optimum formula to be used
in pharmaceutical preparations.
Non-optimal or non-predictable stability properties of emulsions can be limiting for the
applications of emulsions (Bjerregaard et al., 2001:23). Careful consideration was
given to the apparatus used during the processing along with the ratios of the various
components added to the formulation and the storage conditions of the Pheroid
vesicles.
A preliminary study was performed to optimize the most accurate processing
parameters during emulsification. The effect of emulsification rate and time, the
temperature of the aqueous phase, the number of days the water phase were
gassed, the concentration of the surfactant, cremophor® RH 40, used and the
concentration of Vitamin F Ethyl Ester CLR added to the oil phase of the o/w
emulsion has been studied. Quantification of the mean particle size, zeta potential,
turbidity, pH and current values were used to characterize the emulsions. The
samples were characterised after 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage. The
emulsions were also characterised with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
to measure the number and size and size distribution of the vesicles.
After determination of the processing variables influencing the emulsion stability an
accelerated stability test was conducted on a final formula. In the present study,
accelerated stability testing employing elevated temperatures and relative humidity
were used with good accuracy to predict long-term stability of an o/w emulsion kept
at both 5 and 25 OC with 60 % relative humidity and 40 OC with 75 % relative
humidity. The results of the stability tests were presented in histograms of the
physical properties 24 hours, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after preparation of
the emulsion.
It was concluded that Pheroid vesicles demonstrate much potential as a drug delivery
system. The high stability of this formula allows its use in a wide variety of
applications in the pharmaceutical industry. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
|
959 |
La productivité des noms composés en français du XVIIe au début du XXe siècleVoskovskaia, Elena 14 January 2014 (has links)
La présente thèse est une étude approfondie de la productivité des noms composés français N-N, A-N, N-A et N-de-N du XVIIe au début du XXe siècle. La productivité morphologique des mots composés demeure un domaine très peu exploré, surtout en français. Les études antérieures sur la dérivation utilisent principalement la mesure de productivité basée sur les hapax, soulevant la question de savoir si l’application d’une seule méthode est suffisamment fiable pour évaluer la productivité en composition. Dans cette thèse, la productivité des composés est calculée au moyen de trois mesures différentes : la mesure P basée sur les hapax (Baayen et Lieber 1991; Baayen 1992), la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique (Baayen et Hay 2002) et la fréquence relative (Hay 2003). En outre, la productivité est analysée en tenant compte de la position de la tête morphologique et l’aspect régulier/irrégulier du composé. Je cherche à vérifier quatre hypothèses : 1) les composés réguliers sont plus productifs que les irréguliers ; 2) les N-N et N-de-N sont les types les plus productifs ; 3) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la fréquence relative ; 4) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique. Les hypothèses #1 et #4 sont confirmées par les résultats obtenus : les formes régulières exocentriques sont les plus productives et le taux de productivité le plus élevée coïncide avec la taille catégorielle la plus basse. L’hypothèse #2 a été appuyée partiellement à cause de données lacunaires pour le type N-de-N. Toutefois, la corrélation inverse entre la productivité et la fréquence relative n’est pas confirmée en composition. La thèse a apporté plusieurs contributions : l’étude diachronique de productivité en composition, l’utilisation de différentes méthodes statistiques et un corpus original de composés français qui comporte 15 types différents.
|
960 |
La productivité des noms composés en français du XVIIe au début du XXe siècleVoskovskaia, Elena 14 January 2014 (has links)
La présente thèse est une étude approfondie de la productivité des noms composés français N-N, A-N, N-A et N-de-N du XVIIe au début du XXe siècle. La productivité morphologique des mots composés demeure un domaine très peu exploré, surtout en français. Les études antérieures sur la dérivation utilisent principalement la mesure de productivité basée sur les hapax, soulevant la question de savoir si l’application d’une seule méthode est suffisamment fiable pour évaluer la productivité en composition. Dans cette thèse, la productivité des composés est calculée au moyen de trois mesures différentes : la mesure P basée sur les hapax (Baayen et Lieber 1991; Baayen 1992), la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique (Baayen et Hay 2002) et la fréquence relative (Hay 2003). En outre, la productivité est analysée en tenant compte de la position de la tête morphologique et l’aspect régulier/irrégulier du composé. Je cherche à vérifier quatre hypothèses : 1) les composés réguliers sont plus productifs que les irréguliers ; 2) les N-N et N-de-N sont les types les plus productifs ; 3) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la fréquence relative ; 4) il existe une corrélation inverse entre la productivité P et la taille catégorielle de la famille morphologique. Les hypothèses #1 et #4 sont confirmées par les résultats obtenus : les formes régulières exocentriques sont les plus productives et le taux de productivité le plus élevée coïncide avec la taille catégorielle la plus basse. L’hypothèse #2 a été appuyée partiellement à cause de données lacunaires pour le type N-de-N. Toutefois, la corrélation inverse entre la productivité et la fréquence relative n’est pas confirmée en composition. La thèse a apporté plusieurs contributions : l’étude diachronique de productivité en composition, l’utilisation de différentes méthodes statistiques et un corpus original de composés français qui comporte 15 types différents.
|
Page generated in 0.0317 seconds