L’apprentissage mobile est devenu un sujet d’intérêt car il implique de nombreux domaines de recherche concernant les contextes d’usages et de technologie complexes. En effet, ce type de formation a été reconnu pour sa capacité à motiver les apprenants car ils peuvent construire leurs propres connaissances en collaborant avec les autres. Dans ce contexte, l’orchestration des scénarios d'apprentissage mobile permet la gestion en temps réel et la contextualisation des activités à réaliser mais ceci engendre des coûts importants d’organisation. En outre, cette organisation réalisée par l'instructeur est peu adaptée aux méthodes d’apprentissage employées pendant la sortie pédagogique car l’apprenant doit pouvoir garder une certaine maîtrise de ses choix et de son parcours. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un nouveau style de recommandation pour faire une orchestration dynamique des activités d’apprentissage en fonction de la localisation des apprenants et de l’historique de la visite. Cette technique s’appuie sur un filtrage collaboratif exploitant l’activité antérieure des apprenants mais en prenant en compte les contraintes pédagogiques et la localisation. Notre approche s’inspire du mode de fonctionnement de l’intelligence en essaim (algorithme ACO) pour l’implémentation de notre système de recommandation des POIs. Outre les simulations qui ont permis de comparer les différentes variantes de recommandations, la validation de notre système SAMSSP passe par l’expérimentation de nos deux prototypes de visite de campus. / Mobile learning has become a topic of interest because it involves many areas of research concerning usage contexts and complex technology. Indeed, mobile learning is has been recognized for its ability to motivate learners because they can construct their own knowledge by collaborating with others. In this context, the orchestration of mobile learning allows real-time management and contextualization of activities to do but this results in significant costs of organization. In addition, centralized orchestration is not adapted to the context of our mobile scenario because the learner must be able to keep some control over their choices of learning.In this thesis, we present a new style of recommendation for a dynamic orchestration of learning activities based on the location of the learners and the history of the visit. This technique is based on a collaborative filtering that exploits prior activity of the learners and that respects the educational and location constraints. Our approach is based on the mode of operation of the Swarm Intelligence (ACO algorithm) for the implementation of our system of recommendation. Besides the simulations that are used to compare the different variants of recommendations, the validation of the SAMSSP system goes through the experimentation of the two prototypes of campus visit.

The conservation of built heritage is increasingly recognised as promoting cultural sustainability and encouraging the inclusion of culture in the sustainable development of the built environment. Reflecting this recognition is the advocacy of a dynamic integrated conservation approach that considers built heritage within its historic, physical, social, and cultural contexts. Yet, the cultural context of built heritage remains one of the most challenging and neglected aspects in conservation practice. In the specific case of Sudan's historic port town of Suakin, a number of recurrent obstacles to the site's conservation, in addition to a number of potential enablers to address these challenges, have been recognised throughout previous research. However, previous investigations have lacked an essential local socio-cultural perspective. Furthermore, a lack of strategy or framework for Suakin's conservation has so far prevented the coordination of its stakeholders, and the consequential implementation of potential enablers to address its conservation challenges. This thesis is the conclusion of a four-year EngD research that has developed a protocol for the conservation of the built heritage of Suakin. It begins with an introduction to the context, justification and scope of the research, and the research aim and objectives. A review of previous literature is then presented concerning a number of issues related to the research subject and the methodology employed to meet the research aim and objectives. The research methods conducted, including literature review, a mixed-method case study, questionnaire surveys, and a series of participatory action research focus groups, are then explained and the results achieved are discussed. The research findings result in the development of a protocol for Suakin's conservation consisting of five themes emanating from the research stages. These are: ownership; finances and planning; stakeholder inclusion and collaboration; conservation knowledge and awareness; response to the local context. Each theme is comprised of a challenge, or number of challenges, and corresponding solution(s). Furthermore, the research findings define a protocol implementation strategy, consisting of Suakin's stakeholders' suggested implementation and responsibility of the protocol solutions. The collaborative stakeholder process established by the research, and the resulting protocol and its implementation strategy, are a new development in the approach towards Suakin's conservation. The potential long-term impact of the research on Suakin's conservation has so far been indicated by the adoption of the resulting protocol implementation strategy as a formal approach to Suakin's conservation by NCAM. The thesis concludes with a critical review of the research throughout the research stages and key recommendations for the research sponsor, for Suakin's stakeholders, for the built heritage conservation industry and for further research. The findings of this research were published in four peer-reviewed papers.

This dissertation builds upon a 25-year old study by Mizrahi and Rosenthal (1993) which examined how coalition leaders defined and perceived success and failure in their respective coalitions. This study replicates the Mizrahi and Rosenthal study by returning to participants from the original study and, adapting the original instrument, interviewing those participants to examine their perceptions after 25 years has passed. Utilizing the same instrument, new coalition leaders from the originally studied coalitions which are still intact are also interviewed and their responses are compared against responses from leaders of coalitions which have since dissolved. The current study uses basic descriptive analysis for the structured survey items and grounded theory methodology for the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions. The analysis examines participant responses in the following areas: participant information; coalition information; demographic information of working group, board and constituency; characterization of coalition; internal and environmental predictors of dissolution; political and social climate during dissolution; political forces influencing dissolution; events in the lifespan; benefits and drawback of permanency; target information; definition of success; internal and environmental predictors of success; goals; strategies and tactics; decision-making processes; modes of communication; coalition resources; membership and participation; leadership; and practice wisdom. Utilizing organizational, ecological, social capital and collaboration literature and theory, indicators of coalition success are reviewed. Specifically, findings from this study confirm that coalition success should be defined multi-dimensionally and that coalitions should be operationalized as networks more than as organizations. Findings demonstrate that coalition success is predicted by the following internal factors: impetus to form and coalition purpose; goal-setting, identification of target and strategy; internal resources; leadership; power and decision-making; coalition structure; member contributions; diversity; and relationships, including dynamics of respect, trust, commitment and communication. Additionally, findings demonstrate that coalition success is predicted by the following environmental factors: external resource and resource dependence; goal-setting, identification of target and strategy; relationship with community and degree of coupling; and political, fiscal and social climate. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are discussed along with limitations to current research and areas for potential future research.

Community connections play a vital role in strategies for intervention and prevention. An interactive presentation will focus on successful collaborations involving holistic approaches, service-learning and a comparison and contrast of communities (East Tennessee and the LA Watts District).

In response to increasing demands placed on public education, professional learning communities (PLC) have emerged as a means of providing teachers with opportunities to collaborate together. Collaboration has been shown to improve teaching practices and lead to better student outcomes. Many collaborative teams, however, struggle to reach their collaborative potential. Trust has been shown to be an important factor contributing to the success of collaborative efforts. Few studies exist that empirically assess the relationship between team functionality and team trust. This study examines the relationship between these two constructs. A measurement tool was developed by the author to measure PLC team functionality based on five domains of functionality. Team trust was measured by a preexisting tool developed by Costa & Anderson (2010) based on four dimensions of trust. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the strength of the relationship between PLC team functionality and team trust. Control factors such as team stability, years of teaching, and principal support were included in the analysis. Findings showed a positive, significant relationship between the five domains of PLC team functionality and the four dimensions of team trust. While individual relationships between domains of functionality and dimensions of trust varied, between 46%-60% of variability in team functionality was explained by team trust. This study demonstrates the importance of trust in collaborative efforts of PLC teams as well as highlights a more complex relationship between the two constructs than previously understood in the literature.

In today's competitive global market, there is an ever-increasing demand for highly skilled engineers equipped to perform in teams dispersed over several time-zones by geography. Aerospace Partners for the Advancement of Collaborative Engineering (AerosPACE) is a senior design capstone program co-developed by academia and industry to help students develop the necessary skills to excel in the aerospace industry by challenging them to design, build, and fly an unique unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Students with little to no experience designing UAVs are put together in teams with their peers from geographically dispersed universities. This presents a significant challenge for the students in assimilating and applying aircraft design principles, using and interpreting output from analysis tools in multiple disciplines, and communicating their findings with their team members in an effective way. This thesis documents the development of a collaborative design tool for the generation and evaluation of small-scale electric-powered UAV concepts in AerosPACE. The integrated design and optimization software CCADE (Collaborative Conceptual Aircraft Design Environment) enables the immersion of team members from different universities in a software environment which shares design information and analysis results in a central database. Input files for use by open-source analysis tools are automatically generated, and output files read in and displayed in a user-friendly graphical interface. Analysis codes for initial sizing, geometry, airfoil selection, aerodynamics, propulsion, stability and control, and structures are included in the software. Optimization methods are proposed for implementation in future versions of CCADE to explore the breadth of the design space and help students understand the sensitivity of their design to certain key parameters. Testing of CCADE by students during the 2014-2015 AerosPACE course showed an increased volume of explored concepts and prompted questions from students to fill gaps in understanding of fundamental principles. Suggestions for increased student acceptance and use of the software are given. Through its unique architecture and application, CCADE aims to increase productivity and teamwork among AerosPACE participants by increasing the number of concepts which can be fully analyzed, enabling broader exploration of the feasible design space to produce unique and innovative aircraft configurations, and allowing teammates to share thoughts and learning via a shared design and analysis work-space.

The final speaker was Nick Hagemeier, PharmD, PhD, Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice at East Tennessee State University shared his research experience on drug abuse prevention and insight into coalition involvement and next steps for policy and practice advancement to reduce substance abuse and misuse. His presentation entitled “Community Activation, Collaboration, and Communication” took JCPP member organization representatives on a journey through his experience in the field of substance abuse disorder treatment and advocacy. Hagemeier spoke about his role with the Prescription Drug Abuse Working Group, which has an interprofessional focus with monthly meetings on-campus and at community-based sites. The working group has developed multiple products through active involvement. Some of the products include: Coordination of Regional Task Force on Naloxone 75+ Educational Presentations to Stakeholders Continuing Medical Education Collaboration NIH/NIDA – funded DIDARP Research Team Health System Collaboration: Overmountain Recovery Services (MAT) Collaboration to promote storage and disposal on campus Hagemeier then discussed the work of the ETSU Center for Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment. The Center encompasses four main areas: Administration Core, Patient Care, Education & Outreach, and Research & Evaluation. From these core areas, more detailed work with state contracts, proposals for research, health professions education, clinical training curricula, counseling services, opioid treatment program management, dissemination of products, policy and advocacy, partnership, and dissemination of products occur. Hagemeier shared media articles on the implementation of work from the Center and highlighted how the work of the Center impacts each phase of the timeline of opioid use disorder from non-use to death. In closing, Hagemeier took the attendees back to school and walked through multiple case studies that highlight the research initiatives of the Center. One case study of note highlighted a pharmacist’s comfort in dispensing buprenorphine / naloxone, which noted only around half would dispense these items and even less would discuss addiction treatment goals with patients. He recapped the multiple policy, education, and practice issues that he has experienced and noted that much more work is needed to provide patients with adequate prevention and treatment programs.

In the frame introduction to Willa Cather's My Ántonia (1918), an unnamed author encounters her childhood friend Jim Burden on a cross-country train. Jim asks the author why she has never written anything about their mutual friend Ántonia. To answer Jim's criticism, she proposes they both write stories about Ántonia, but only Jim honors the agreement. The rest of the novel is put forth as Jim's manuscript "substantially" as he brought it to the author (xii). This scenario is but one of several ways My Ántonia evokes Cather's experience ghostwriting S.S. McClure's My Autobiography (1914) for, just as the authorial voice in My Ántonia dissolves into Jim's, Cather had to adopt McClure's perspective to write her former employer's life story. Going further, Cather worked closely with her book editor Ferris Greenslet and the production editor R.L. Scaife to be sure Houghton Mifflin would paginate the introduction with roman numerals and thereby produce the effect of a true authorial preface. The introduction recalls the preface of McClure's autobiography, which acknowledged Cather for "cooperation" that contributed to "the very existence" of his book. Interpreting My Ántonia and My Autobiography as projects connected by authorial process, textual allusion, and even typesetting suggests the complicated and elusive nature of collaborative labor in the literary marketplace, as well as the extent to which modern literary texts responded to those complexities. Working on a task or project with a partner or in a group can frustrate, energize or empower those involved, but whatever feelings it inspires, interactive labor often has a life of its own. This is the idea of collaborative momentum. My dissertation examines relationships among authors, agents, editors, publishers, and unofficial "middle men" to argue that supportive and adversarial cycles of interactive labor in the modern American literary marketplace created the basic parameters of modern authorship. I show that as professional specialization becomes more rigid and institutionalized, the literary field paradoxically created new spaces for nebulous but crucial cooperative labor. In particular, the effect I call collaborative momentum facilitated the exchange of economic and symbolic capital. Additionally, I show that narratives of the modern period are inextricably invested in corporate and institutional labor systems that surround them and can be interpreted as rhetorical attempts to reform and improve those systems. By analyzing the author's cultural identity in relation to rising institutional collaborators of the modern era, I contribute to the steadily growing field of authorship studies while adding to ongoing scholarly conversations about individual authors and texts. My chapters analyze the systemic production of literary identity, reciprocal relationships between editors and authors, the modern apparatus of literary debut, and the role bibliophilia and book collecting played in the production of The New Negro. I therefore highlight four paradigmatic examples of interactive labor while simultaneously emphasizing that collaborative momentum as I describe it was crucial not only to those with privilege but also to individuals and groups struggling against inequality, whether it was Salish novelist D'Arcy McNickle, Alain LeRoy Locke, or self-employed literary agent Flora May Holly. My work helps scholars see a power structure that granted disproportionate credibility to white men as literary creators and publishing industry insiders, yet it also shows a modern American literary culture shaped as much by the experience of marginalized individuals and groups negotiating a discriminatory publishing industry as it was by aesthetic contests between popular fiction and high modernism. My first chapter, Character, Personality, and the Editor Figure: William Dean Howells and the Institution of Image-Building establishes that the same cultural logic that allowed Samuel Clemens to develop a public persona as a fictional character also empowered William Dean Howells to create his literary identity as the nation's foremost editor figure. Further, I argue that image-building was a collaborative affair; Howells and many others helped define Mark Twain, and countless authors and critics came to define Howells as the Dean of American Letters in the 1890s and as America's "pious old maid" after his death in 1920. I argue that Howells' persona-work extends to his novel A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890). The main characters--co-founders of a fictional literary magazine--have contrasting identities: one is ostentatious but lacks substance; the other is so unsure he hardly has an identity. Labor crises at the magazine and in the city streets gesture at the problematic nature of a personality-driven culture that had come to define selfhood without emphasizing a moral or ethical element. In chapter two, "Reciprocity and the `Real' Author: Willa Cather as S.S. McClure's Ghostwriter," I trace a cycle of debt--monetary and symbolic--from McClure's rise as magazine editor to a moment of financial crisis in 1912 that led his corporate board to oust him from his own magazine. To pay off his debts, he asked Willa Cather to author his autobiography. I read the ghostwriting project as an example of how mutual debt is generative, for Cather accepted the role out of personal loyalty and took no money for her work. Cather's fictional works, including My Ántonia and The Professor's House (1925), engage with the cycle of debt and indebtedness and imagine a narrative exchange unclouded by any question of money but tied, instead, to a dream of self-sacrificing friendship. My article "It's Mr. Reynolds Who Wishes It: Profit and Prestige Shared by Cather and Her Literary Agent," in Cather Studies Volume 9, "Willa Cather and Modern Cultures," draws on material from this chapter. My third chapter, "Discovery of the Month: D'Arcy McNickle and the Apparatus of Literary Debut" takes up as its interpretive focus changing institutions of literary career-launching. My approach brings together two scholarly conversations, one preoccupied with McNickle's refinement of his perception of Native cultures and the other, informed by a history of the book methodology, concerned with the cultural systems that codified twentieth-century authorial identity and credibility. McNickle is an important example of how institutions of discovery functioned. The exceptional aspects of McNickle's story--the nine-year duration of his effort to publish his first book, his outsider identity, and the number of avenues he tried in order to become established make him an ideal example. To better understand McNickle's relationship with literary agent Ruth Rae, I frame my analysis with the story of the literary agent's rise as an integral figure in literary debut. Turning to McNickle's fiction in the second part of this chapter, I analyze his The Surrounded as a reaction to cultural institutions of literary discovery. McNickle narrates the tragedy of failed mediation and gestures at an alternative model of interaction. He embeds this thematic exploration in his allusions to the Salish oral tradition, so that the text itself mediates an experience of cultural discovery. Chapter four, "Irrepressible Anthologies, Collectible: Bibliophilia and Book Collecting in the New Negro," continues my analysis of the literary middle man's collision with American modernity by tracing the intersection of anthology, book collecting, and bibliophilia as they pertain to The New Negro's book design, artistic form, and multi-generic content. While recent studies have linked the anthology to Boazian ethnography and modernist collage, I provide a more immediate reading of the philosophies of collecting inherent to modern and African American print cultures. I read The New Negro as a book production process structured by efforts to produce an object worthy of being collected. My also analyzes of how the anthology's book design interacts with the positions on materiality and collecting at play in its collected prose and poetry. This case study of the creator-intermediary as collector historicizes modern book collecting and appreciates African American bibliophiles as an alternative to the dominant white American and European book collecting traditions. Appreciating these distinctions suggests, ultimately, that a significant aspect of the exchange of economic and symbolic capital in the modern age was to mediate a contested present day by refashioning ideas about the past.

We have never stopped in the pursuit of science. Standing on the shoulders of the giants, we gradually make our path to build a systematic and testable body of knowledge to explain and predict the universe. Emerging from researchers’ interactions and self-organizing behaviors, scientific communities feature intensive collaborative practice. Indeed, the era of lone genius has long gone. Teams have now dominated the production and diffusion of scientific ideas. In order to understand how collaboration shapes and evolves organizations as well as individuals’ careers, this dissertation conducts analyses at both macroscopic and microscopic levels utilizing large-scale scholarly data. As self-organizing behaviors, collaborations boil down to the interactions among researchers. Understanding collaboration at individual level, as a result, is in fact a preliminary and crucial step to better understand the collective outcome at group and organization level. To start, I investigate the role of research collaboration in researchers’ careers by leveraging person-organization fit theory. Specifically, I propose prospective social ties based on faculty candidates’ future collaboration potential with future colleagues, which manifests diminishing returns on the placement quality. Moving forward, I address the question of how individual success can be better understood and accurately predicted utilizing their collaboration experience data. Findings reveal potential regularities in career trajectories for early-stage, mid-career, and senior researchers, highlighting the importance of various aspects of social capital. With large-scale scholarly data, I propose a data-driven analytics approach that leads to a deeper understanding of collaboration for both organizations and individuals. Managerial and policy implications are discussed for organizations to stimulate interdisciplinary research and for individuals to achieve better placement as well as short and long term scientific impact. Additionally, while analyzed in the context of academia, the proposed methods and implications can be generalized to knowledge-intensive industries, where collaboration are key factors to performance such as innovation and creativity.

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