This thesis focuses on the emergence of the teenaged consumer as a market segment in Canada during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It challenges the notion that teenagers were of little interest to retailers until economics and demographics shaped the more numerous and prosperous post-war teenagers of the Baby Boom generation. Using evidence from corporate records and analysis of mail order catalogues, the study examines how department store retailer, the T. Eaton Company, Limited, began to cultivate a distinct and lucrative teenaged consumer in the 1930s, and thereby began shaping the teenaged consumer. The thesis contextualizes the case study of Eaton’s by exploring the varied expectations that adults had of young people at the time, using census records and magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Home Journal and Mayfair) to explore concerns about young people’s transition to adulthood. It then focuses on how Eaton’s made a concerted and sustained effort to attract teenager customers to its catalogue and stores. Analysis of its semi-annual catalogue highlights the emergence of specialized clothing size ranges and styles, revealing that Eaton’s increasingly viewed the teenaged years as an important in-between life stage. Eaton’s also instituted teenage advisory councils to both glean market trends and provide a venue for what it considered education for novice consumers. Eaton’s presented consumption as a way to prepare young people for adult roles, legitimizing teenaged participation in the consumer marketplace and contributing to wider debates about when and how teenaged Canadians should reach maturity.

Organisations today operate in a complex, unpredictable, globalised, and competitive business environment and challenging marketplace, emphasis on just-in-time deliveries and service quality through the integration of resources. In response to the changing business dynamics, web-based EDI (WEDI) has been adopted by the global container shipping industry to cost-effectively utilise available resources to build and remain its competitive advantage. To improve the current understanding of WEDI adoption factors, this research explores inter-organisational collaboration of WEDI adoption, focusing on the organisational adoption stage and examine how business level social and relational factors influence WEDI adoption in the context of the container liner shipping industry. Based on theoretical and literature reviews on previous EDI adoption, in particular to three key inter-organisational system adoption empirical research (including Lee and Lim, 2005; Boonstra and de Vries, 2005; Zhu et al., 2006), an integrated research model was established of which features ‘Social Resources' of (trading partner power, trading partner dependence and social network effect), ‘Relational Resources' of (trading partner trust, top management commitment and guanxi, ‘Reward' of (perceived interests), and ‘Technological State' of (technological trust and e-readiness) as prominent antecedents. Through E-mail and Web Survey approach, we examine the nine independent constructs in the research model quantitatively on a dataset of 164 respondents from the top 20 leading container shipping liner in year 2009 and 195 respondents of the top 20 leading container shipping liner in 2012 by 3 case studies through online surveys. After examining its reliability, validity and correlation of the constructs, PLS structural Equation Modelling was applied to test hypotheses. The empirical results update how firms exchange business dada, in particular to the use of WEDI in the industry. This study demonstrated that ‘Social Resources' of trading partner power, trust and guanxi, positively associated with the perceived interest of WEDI adoption. Relational Resources' of trading partner trust, top management commitment and guanxi positively associated with the perceived interest of WEDI adoption. It also confirms the nine constructs to be positively association the WEDI adoption decisions. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we argue that firms simultaneously modify and adjust their social and relational resources to affect other firms' expected benefit as a reward. Overall, based on a rigorous empirical analysis of two different international dataset, this research provides valuable and the most updated insights into a set of key factors that influence WEDI adoption. By recognising what may influence WEDI adoption in the context of the container liner shipping, this study will be useful in suggesting strategies to overcome the constraints that inhibit adoption. Researchers will benefit from the study's theoretical insights and explore further WEDI adoption and diffusion patterns. Practitioners who learn why organisations adopt WEDI and what the related factors are that influence the adoption process will make better strategic decisions concerning the adoption of WEDI.

Les nouvelles technologies, tel l’Internet, nous permettent d'obtenir tout ce que l'on désire en appuyant sur une simple touche. Elles procurent des plateformes inédites de communication, comme des espaces virtuels de rencontre, aux gens en quête d'un époux ou d’une épouse et ainsi permettent aux agences virtuelles spécialisées dans ce type d'union de proliférer. Ces nombreux sites de rencontre offrent aux hommes de rencontrer une femme peu importe d'où elle vient. Les femmes de l'Asie du sud-est sont très populaires auprès de ces hommes. Bon nombre d’études ont démontré que des difficultés économiques jouent un rôle de prime importance dans une décision de faire appel à ces agences pour émigrer par le biais d’un mariage avec un étranger. Par contre, en Asie du sud-est, la Thaïlande se distingue par ses réussites économiques régionales et par sa tradition matrilinéaire. Dans ce contexte, qu’est-ce qui induit des femmes thaïlandaises à chercher un mari à l'étranger ? Je tenterai de répondre à cette question en examinant les influences des facteurs suivants: hiérarchie sociale (ethnique et régionale); facteurs économiques (classes sociales); matrilinéarité; conception locale de l'amour, du sexe et du mariage et, enfin, l'importance du trajet personnel de chaque femme dans son évaluation des facteurs influents menant à son choix d’épouser un étranger. / New technologies, such as Internet, allow us to obtain anything we desire almost immediately by a simple click. They provide a novel platform for encounters, new meeting spaces for people wishing to find a marriage partner through Internet correspondence and provide a flourishing business to agencies specialized in this type of union. These countless web sites allow foreign men to meet women from every part of the world. Southeast Asian women are particularly popular among these men. A number of studies have demonstrated that the economic difficulties of countries in this region play an important role in the women’s decision to call upon these agencies in order to marry and to emigrate. In Southeast Asia, Thailand differentiates itself by its regional economic success and by its matrilineal tradition. In light of this, what induces Thai women to look for a husband abroad? I will attempt to answer this question by examining the influences of the following factors: social hierarchy (ethnic and regional); economic factors (social class); matrilinearity, local conception of love, sex and marriage and, finally, the importance of each woman’s personal path to determine which factors influence their choice of marrying a foreigner.

The thesis compares forms of speech presentation (and marginally writing presentation) in British newspapers through a theory of Speech, Writing and Thought presentation as introduced by E. Semino and M. Short (2004). On a specialised corpus of 6 newspaper articles, the work compares qualitive and quantitative tendencies of individual speech presentation categories, focusing on the diagnosis of differences and common points in two journalistic sub-genres, the tabloid and the broadsheet. The speech presentation categorization is applied as a clinal model with permeable borders between individual categories. The focus is on detecting and analysing the fucntions of individual categories of speech presentation in terms of information, style, pragmatics and form. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis focuses on strategies of representation in South African anti-apartheid documentary film and video from the late 1970s to 1995. It identifies and analyses two broad trends within this movement: the first developed by the organisation called Video News Services; the second developed in the Mail and Guardian Television series called Ordinary People. Two history series are analysed against the backdrop of transformations in the television broadcasting sector in the early 1990s. South African documentary film and video is located within a theoretical framework that interweaves documentary film theory, theories of Third cinema and of identity, rid working class cinema of the 1920s and 1930s. The concepts of ‘voice’ and the ‘speaking subject’ are the two key concepts that focus the discussion of strategies of representation in detailed textual analyses of selected documentaries. The analysis of three documentaries that typify the output of Video News Services reveals how these documentary texts establish a symbiosis between representations of the working class as black, male, and allied to COSATU, and the liberation struggle. The analysis of selected documentaries from the Ordinary People series highlights those strategies of representation that facilitate perceptions of the multiplicities of identities in South Africa. This focus on representations of identity is extended in analysing and comparing two television series. The strategies of representation evident in the Video News Services documentaries and the meanings they produce about identify are repeated in the series called Ulibambe Lingashoni: Hold Up the Sun. In Soweto: A History, strategies of representation that follow the trend towards representing identity as multiple are used to present history as if from the perspective of ‘ordinary’ people. The thesis creates an argument for South African documentary film and video to move towards strategies of representation that break down the fixed categories of identity developed under apartheid. With policy moves for creating more ‘local content’ films and television productions there is opportunity to re-shape the documentary film and video movement in South Africa using representational strategies that blur the boundaries between documentary and fiction, and between individualised, discrete categories of identity.

Objetivo. O objetivo principal desta tese é conhecer a influência da internet nas atividades acadêmico-científicas da comunidade brasileira de docentes da área de saúde pública. Métodos. Estudo transversal, centrado na opinião do usuário sobre o uso e a influência da internet na prática de ensino e pesquisa no âmbito acadêmico. A população do estudo constitui-se de 237 docentes vinculados aos programas de pós-graduação em saúde pública, nos níveis mestrado e doutorado, das instituições brasileiras de ensino superior cadastradas no sistema CAPES (Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) em 2001. Para a obtenção dos dados, optou-se pelo uso de questionário auto-aplicável preenchido via web e encaminhado via correio eletrônico, com internet disponibilizada em servidor UNIX. Para os que não responderam o instrumento eletrônico, foram enviados questionários impressos. Resultados. A taxa de retorno do questionário foi de 63,7%. O uso da internet foi apontado por 94,9% dessa comunidade, sendo o correio eletrônico (96,9%) e a web (91,1%) os recursos mais utilizados. A influência mais marcante da internet foi na comunicação entre os docentes, principalmente para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, propiciando mais colaboração com colegas de instituições nacionais e estrangeiras. Considerou-se que a atividade acadêmica de busca de informação bibliográfica e de textos completos foi muito beneficiada pela utilização da internet. Quanto à divulgação de resultados de pesquisa, ainda há predominância dos formatos impressos, principalmente em artigos de periódicos de circulação nacional. Os docentes que declararam não utilizar a internet justificaram o fato argumentando falta de motivação, expressada em questões de caráter subjetivo, como a resistência em usar novas tecnologias, a falta de tempo para usar a internet e a facilidade de conseguir de seus colegas o material de que precisam. Conclusões. Os dados mostram que a internet influenciou o trabalho dos docentes e afeta o ciclo da comunicação científica, principalmente na rapidez de recuperação de informações. Entre os docentes, há forte tendência em eleger a comunicação entre pesquisadores como a etapa que mais mudou desde o advento da internet no mundo acadêmico-científico brasileiro. / Objective. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the Internet on the academic-scientific activities of Brazilian professors of the public health area. Method. Transversal study centered on the user view about influences of the internet on the academic teaching and research. The study’s core was constituted by 237 professors from public health post-graduation programmes of higher education institutions in Brazil, in master’s and doctoral levels, registered in the CAPES System (Brazilian Ministry of Education’s foundation for the qualification of higher education professors) in the year 2001. Data were collected by means of a self-applicable questionnaire that professors answered and sent through the web (by electronic mail), Internet access via a UNIX server. Those who did not answer the electronic instrument received printed questionnaires. Results. The return rate of the questionnaires was 63.7%. The great majority of the population (94.9%) answered that they use the Internet, the electronic mail (96.9%) and the web (91.1%) were the most used resources. The strongest influence of the Internet on scientific communication in the public health area concerns communication among professors, with the aim of developing research, enabling greater collaboration with colleagues both from Brazilian and foreign institutions. Searches for bibliographic references and for full texts were considered academic activities that benefited a lot from Internet use. As for release of research results, printed formats still prevail, mainly articles published in national circulation journals. The professors who stated that they do not use the Internet argued that the reason for this is lack of motivation, expressed through subjective questions, such as resistance to use new technologies, lack of time to use the Internet and facility of obtaining what they need from their colleagues. Conclusions. Data show that the Internet influenced the academic’s work and has been affecting the cycle of scientific communication, mainly due to the high speed with which information can be recovered. Communication among researchers seems to be the stage that changed the most since the advent of the Internet in the Brazilian academic-scientific world.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Godinho Ragusa Marcicano.pdf: 1199278 bytes, checksum: 937dcab140f2c5f63a232659f098a84b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation lies within the area of the English teacher s reflective development and aims at describing and interpreting the phenomenon English teachers reflection in interactions through e-mail, through the identification of the questions that intrigue these participating teachers. To reach this goal, this investigation describes and interprets the phenomenon above from the point of view of the experience lived by myself, the researcher, as well as by seven participating teachers. The theoretical underpinning for this study is the concept of reflective development, based on the contributions of Dewey (1916, 1910/1933, 1938/1997, 1986/2008) Schön (1983, 1987, 1992a, 1992b), Freire (1970/1983, 1992, 2002, 2004), Vygotsky (1984/1998, 1989/2008), Kemmis (1987), Zeichner (1993, 2003) among others. From a qualitative standpoint, the methodological approach is the hermeneutic-phenomenological one, which aims at associations of retrospective descriptions and (re-)interpretations of lived experience (Ricoeur, 1986, 2002; van Manen, 1990; Freire, 1998, 2006, 2007a, 2007b). The texts which provided the interpretation basis were collected along two different semesters, when through 76 e-mail messages and 5 presential meetings it was possible to: (1) draw the profile of the English teachers who work for public schools and participate in this research, (2) identify the subjects which lead them to reflections upon their practices, and (3) document the reflective process unleashed. The interpretation of the collected texts was made according to the textualization and thematization processes proposed by van Manen (1990), and systematized by the refining and ressignification procedures suggested by Freire (2006, 2007a, 2007b) which show the themes that structure the investigated phenomenon. The interpretation of the texts reveal that English teachers reflection in interactions through e-mail is lived differently by the two groups formed by the participating teachers: in the first one, Caderno, difficulty, time, and identification are the emerging themes; in the second one, identification, practice and lack of time are the themes that display the nature of the experience lived by part of the participants in this research / objetivo descrever e interpretar o fenômeno reflexão de professores de Inglês em interações via e-mail, a partir da identificação de questões que inquietam esses professores. Para atingir esse objetivo, a presente investigação descreve e interpreta o fenômeno citado tendo como referência a experiência vivida por mim, pesquisadora, e pelos sete professores convidados a participar de minha pesquisa, originando os dois grupos focalizados. Fundamenta teoricamente esta pesquisa o conceito geral de formação de professores, tomando-se como base as contribuições de Dewey (1916, 1910/1933, 1938/1997, 1986/2008) Schön (1983, 1987, 1992a, 1992b), Freire (1970/1983, 1992, 2002, 2004), Vygotsky (1984/1998, 1989/2008), Kemmis (1987), Zeichner (1993, 2003), entre outros. De cunho qualitativo, a orientação metodológica é a hermenêutico-fenomenológica, que procura fazer uma associação de descrições retrospectivas e (re-)interpretação de experiências vividas (Ricoeur, 1986, 2002; van Manen, 1990; Freire, 1998, 2006, 2007a, 2007b), visando, assim, a descrever e interpretar um fenômeno da experiência humana. Os textos que serviram de base para a interpretação foram coletados ao longo de dois semestres diferentes, quando, por meio de 76 mensagens eletrônicas e 5 encontros presenciais, foi possível (1) traçar o perfil dos professores de inglês atuantes em escolas públicas e participantes desta pesquisa, (2) identificar os assuntos que os motivam a refletir sobre suas práticas e (3) documentar o processo reflexivo desencadeado. A interpretação dos registros textuais obtidos foi realizada com base nos processos de textualização e tematização, propostos por van Manen (1990) e operacionalizados pelos procedimentos de refinamento e ressignificação, sugeridos por Freire (2006, 2007a, 2007b), os quais evidenciam os temas que estruturam o fenômeno em foco. A interpretação dos textos revela que a natureza da reflexão de professores de Inglês em interações via e-mail se constituiu, distintamente, nos dois grupos investigados: no primeiro, Caderno, dificuldade, tempo e identificação são os temas que emergem dos registros interpretados; no segundo, os temas identificados são identificação, prática e falta de tempo

This dissertation examines how news and information circulated among select colonies in the British and French Caribbean during a series of military conflicts from 1763 to 1804, including the American War of Independence (1775-1783), French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802), and the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804). The colonies included in this study are Barbados, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint-Domingue. This dissertation argues that the sociopolitical upheaval experienced by colonial residents during these military conflicts led to an increased desire for news that was satiated by the development and improvement of many processes of collecting and distributing information. This dissertation looks at some of these processes, the ways in which select social groups both influenced and were affected by them, and why such phenomena occurred in the greater context of the 18th and early 19th century Caribbean at large. In terms of the types of processes, it examines various kinds of print culture, such as colonial newspapers, books, and almanacs, as well as correspondence records among different social groups. In terms of which groups are studied, these include printers, postal service workers, colonial and naval officials, and Catholic missionaries. The dissertation is divided into five chapters, the first of which provides insight into the operation of the mail service established in the aforementioned colonies, and the ways in which the Atlantic Revolutions impacted their service in terms of the different historical actors responsible for collecting and distributing correspondences. Chapter two looks at select British and French colonial printers, their print shops, and the book trade in the Caribbean isles during the 18th century. Chapter three delves into the colonial newspapers and compares the differences and similarities among government-sanctioned newspapers vis-à-vis independently produced papers. It uses the case of the Haitian Revolution to track how news of the slave insurrection was disseminated or constricted in the weeks immediately following the night of 22 August 1791. Chapter four examines the colonial almanac as a means of connecting colonial residents with people across the wider Atlantic World. It also surveys the development of these pocketbooks from mere astrological calendars to essential items that owners customized and frequently carried on their person, given the swathes of information they featured after the American War of Independence. The final chapter looks at the daily operations of Capuchin and Dominican missionaries in Martinique and Guadeloupe at the end of the 18th century and how they maintained their communications within the islands and with the heads of their Catholic orders in France, as well as in Rome. Overall, this project aims to fill in some of the gaps in the literature regarding how select British and French colonial residents received and dispatched information, and the effect this had in their respective Caribbean islands. It also sheds light on some of the ways that slaves were incorporated into the mechanisms by which information was collected and distributed, such as their encounters with printers, employment as couriers, and use as messengers to relay documents between colonial officials. In doing so, it hopes to encourage future discussion regarding how information moved in the British and French Caribbean amid periods of revolution and military conflict, how and why these processes changed, and the impact this had on print culture and mail systems in the post-revolutionary period of the 19th century.

De Kheops à Internet, des nanotechnologies à la téléportation, les nouvelles technologies rythment la vie des hommes. Fruits de leur intelligence, outils de grands travaux, moteurs de diffusion des savoirs, elles sont cause et effet des progrès de l’humanité. Innervant les relations de travail subordonnées comme tous les compartiments de la société, elles retiennent l’attention du juriste tant elles sont susceptibles de remodeler l’organisation de l’entreprise, de provoquer l’exclusion de la communauté de travail (au moins autant que de rapprocher ceux qui la composent), de provoquer l’entremêlement des vies personnelle et professionnelle. Nul compartiment du droit des relations de travail n’échappe à la pression des nouvelles technologies : au recrutement des salariés elles peuvent donner un nouveau visage ; à la conclusion du contrat de travail elles peuvent offrir instantanéité et dématérialisation ; au temps de son exécution elles imposent normes de sécurité (pour que, de chacun, le corps soit préservé) et normes de vie (pour que, de chacun, l’âme et l’esprit demeurent hors du champ de lecture de l’employeur). Et que dire du jeu de relations collectives remodelées à coup de communications syndicales dématérialisées, de vote électronique, de réunions virtuelles d’instance de représentation du personnel ? Le paysage se transforme. Le corpus normatif, parfois, peine à suivre. Le temps des diseurs de droit n’est pas celui de la science. Mais la science ne peut aller sans que le législateur et le juge, un jour, s’en saisissent. D’intérêts contradictoires où s’entremêlent impératif d’évolution (de l’entreprise) et de protection (du salarié), il leur appartient d’assurer la conciliation. / Over the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible.

Objetivo. O objetivo principal desta tese é conhecer a influência da internet nas atividades acadêmico-científicas da comunidade brasileira de docentes da área de saúde pública. Métodos. Estudo transversal, centrado na opinião do usuário sobre o uso e a influência da internet na prática de ensino e pesquisa no âmbito acadêmico. A população do estudo constitui-se de 237 docentes vinculados aos programas de pós-graduação em saúde pública, nos níveis mestrado e doutorado, das instituições brasileiras de ensino superior cadastradas no sistema CAPES (Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) em 2001. Para a obtenção dos dados, optou-se pelo uso de questionário auto-aplicável preenchido via web e encaminhado via correio eletrônico, com internet disponibilizada em servidor UNIX. Para os que não responderam o instrumento eletrônico, foram enviados questionários impressos. Resultados. A taxa de retorno do questionário foi de 63,7%. O uso da internet foi apontado por 94,9% dessa comunidade, sendo o correio eletrônico (96,9%) e a web (91,1%) os recursos mais utilizados. A influência mais marcante da internet foi na comunicação entre os docentes, principalmente para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, propiciando mais colaboração com colegas de instituições nacionais e estrangeiras. Considerou-se que a atividade acadêmica de busca de informação bibliográfica e de textos completos foi muito beneficiada pela utilização da internet. Quanto à divulgação de resultados de pesquisa, ainda há predominância dos formatos impressos, principalmente em artigos de periódicos de circulação nacional. Os docentes que declararam não utilizar a internet justificaram o fato argumentando falta de motivação, expressada em questões de caráter subjetivo, como a resistência em usar novas tecnologias, a falta de tempo para usar a internet e a facilidade de conseguir de seus colegas o material de que precisam. Conclusões. Os dados mostram que a internet influenciou o trabalho dos docentes e afeta o ciclo da comunicação científica, principalmente na rapidez de recuperação de informações. Entre os docentes, há forte tendência em eleger a comunicação entre pesquisadores como a etapa que mais mudou desde o advento da internet no mundo acadêmico-científico brasileiro. / Objective. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the Internet on the academic-scientific activities of Brazilian professors of the public health area. Method. Transversal study centered on the user view about influences of the internet on the academic teaching and research. The study’s core was constituted by 237 professors from public health post-graduation programmes of higher education institutions in Brazil, in master’s and doctoral levels, registered in the CAPES System (Brazilian Ministry of Education’s foundation for the qualification of higher education professors) in the year 2001. Data were collected by means of a self-applicable questionnaire that professors answered and sent through the web (by electronic mail), Internet access via a UNIX server. Those who did not answer the electronic instrument received printed questionnaires. Results. The return rate of the questionnaires was 63.7%. The great majority of the population (94.9%) answered that they use the Internet, the electronic mail (96.9%) and the web (91.1%) were the most used resources. The strongest influence of the Internet on scientific communication in the public health area concerns communication among professors, with the aim of developing research, enabling greater collaboration with colleagues both from Brazilian and foreign institutions. Searches for bibliographic references and for full texts were considered academic activities that benefited a lot from Internet use. As for release of research results, printed formats still prevail, mainly articles published in national circulation journals. The professors who stated that they do not use the Internet argued that the reason for this is lack of motivation, expressed through subjective questions, such as resistance to use new technologies, lack of time to use the Internet and facility of obtaining what they need from their colleagues. Conclusions. Data show that the Internet influenced the academic’s work and has been affecting the cycle of scientific communication, mainly due to the high speed with which information can be recovered. Communication among researchers seems to be the stage that changed the most since the advent of the Internet in the Brazilian academic-scientific world.