There is no abstract available for this thesis.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the team-taught United States history programs in six Indiana schools. The research was designed to obtain information that would apply to the following seven hypotheses:1. When team teaching is used, there will be evidence of joint-planning to implement instruction.2. Team teaching will result in technical aids being used fifty per cent of the time.3. Team teaching will restructure the course content upon the use of multi-texts and supplementary printed materials.4. Team teaching will utilize student groups that vary in size depending upon the learning activities.5. Team teaching will involve the utilization of special teacher skills as teachers perform their tasks in large group presentations, small group work and independent study.6. Team teaching will result in students who express a positive attitude toward the class activities.7. Team teaching will emphasize the mastery of basic study skills.The sample consisted of team-taught United States history programs found in six Indiana schools. Data was collected from five principals, twelve teachers and eight hundred and twenty-one students.One method used to collect data, consisted of interviewing the principals, teachers, and selected students. In addition to the interviews, the teachers checked a questionnaire, and all of the students marked an opinionnaire. The responses were classified according to the various hypotheses.A summarization of the findings in light of the responses follows:1. Team teaching did not assure that co-operative planning would occur either with other teachers or students.2. Team teachers did not use any of the technical aids fifty per cent of the time, but both teachers and students mentioned the use of technical aids during the interviews. The two aids most frequently used were the 16mm and overhead projectors.3. Team teaching did not assure that instruction would be changed from one that is textbook-centered in content.4. Student group size did vary in each school; however, the change in the number of students in the groups did not alter the teacher-centered instruction.5. Though team teaching advocates often state that teacher capability will be better utilized, there was no evidence that any school was making an effort to determine the most capable person for the tasks to be executed.6. The students did express a positive attitude toward most of the team program, particularly the small group activity.7. There was evidence of emphasis upon skill mastery in only one school, and in this school the activities were the result of teacher-assigned reports.Among the conclusions drawn from the study the writer states that team teaching, as practiced in the schools in the study, did not result in co-operative planning by students and teachers, student involvement in learning activities, student-centered instruction, or study skills being emphasized. Students did have a positive attitude toward the small group activities, and team teachers and students frequently mentioned the use of technical aids-especially the 16mm projector. The teams that seemed to function most smoothly were the ones in which the teachers had time for extensive planning prior to the actual beginning of the school year. Finally, the ability of teachers to work together with other teachers loomed highly significant to the apparent success of the team-taught program.

The primary purpose of this creative project was to demonstrate the need for, and the subsequent development of, an anatomy/physiology course model designed in concept and implemented with representative content so as to provide unique curricular and instructional advantages to community college based allied health career students.To accomplish this purpose, three objectives were achieved. They were:1. to ascertain the nature and form of anatomy/ physiology courses currently offered for students of allied health career programs in community colleges.2. to develop a curriculum model for an anatomy/ physiology course proposed to more appropriately meet institutional and student needs than courses currently offered in that basic science.3. to construct a valid evaluative instrument which could be used to assess the opinion of administrative heads of health career programs regarding the efficacy of the proposed curriculum.In order to achieve the first objective, fifty community colleges were randomly chosen for survey. These colleges represented a sample of all community colleges which hosted from four to twenty programs in nursing and allied health careers and which indicated full time student enrollments of from 2500 to 15,000. The types of allied health career programs and the form of anatomy/physiology offered by each college was determined by a study of selected college catalogs and national. directories. It was found that, in these colleges, there does exist a wide variety of curricular forms of anatomy/physiology taken by health career programs. Multi-curriculum forms were especially prevalent and where core courses did exist, theywere described in the catalogs of the colleges as a sequence of two interdependent courses.In order to demonstrate that an anatomy/physiology course could be developed which would provide not only commonalities in content but relativeness to the student's career interest area, this creative project formulated in concept and implemented with representative content a unique instructional design for anatomy/physiology which entailed the differentiation of course concepts through core and modular curricular forms. This technique of graded topic complexity was demonstrated within the project model at the total course, course topic and modular level of instruction. This was achieved by considering total course content as typically represented in anatomy/physiology texts and college catalog course descriptions and then differentiating that content into basic and advanced levels of comprehension. In addition to this content differentiation, behavioral objectives were also differentiated into basic and advanced levels for one suggested unit of instruction.Because innovative curriculum forms, when proposed by writers, often do not take into account the impact of their implementation upon students, faculty or administration, it was also an objective of this project to provide the design of an attitudinal scale which could serve as an evaluative instrument for institutional review of the curriculum. This scale was developed along the lines of a Likert type scale. Scale items were first validated through expert opinion and final items were derived after item analysis, employing a discriminatory power technique. While neither the scale nor the model curriculum itself was distributed to any real sample of individuals for assessment of opinion regarding the curriculum structure, facsimile data was introduced and a statistical technique utilized which demonstrated the manner in which significance of difference of opinion between two hypothetical groups could be determined.

Peace education is one of the most all-encompassing methods of conflict transformation and social change. European Union has embarked on involving school children at primary and secondary level, both formal and informal education, in peace and disarmament education. The study examined the significance of disarmament education in European Union countries ' with special reference to small arms and lessons for African countries. The study areas were Norway and South Africa. Factors such as development, resources, and curricular are the prominent issues of disarmament education that distinguish EU and Africa. Where the former (EU) have all these in abundance, the latter (Africa) unfortunately lacks. African countries' political strategies should include peace and disarmament education in order to have a stable continent. The concept of ubuntu in Africa serves as a shining star of peace and disarmament education to be in place. / Thesis (M.A.) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2004

Views of teaching: implications for the didactic training of mathematics teachers. School mathematics teaching is an essential learning area in South African schools. Owing to persistent traditional positivist-based views and approaches, it still suffers from a variety of teaching-learning problems. Various national attempts have already been made to develop an effective teaching-learning program for school mathematics. Prominent researchers reveal that the failure of teaching-learning programmes often have to be attributed to the lack of an underlying grounded didactic theory. Therefore this study focused on the development of a grounded teaching-theoretical framework for school mathematics teaching. A further problem regarding school mathematics is that its teaching and learning traditionally are viewed from a narrow school subject disciplinary perspective. Therefore this study departed from a general didactic-theoretical perspective, creating the opportunity to approach and solve problems from a wider angle. A constructivist-based post-positivist view of effective teaching was developed, before entering the field of school mathematics. In this way an integrated ontologicalcontextual view of teaching was developed in terms of six identified ontological essential features, and their contextual coherence, namely: intention, teacher, leamer, interaction, content and context. Contrary to traditional positivist views, no causal relationship between teaching and learning was imposed, and teaching was not qualified in terms of learning products. Instead, teaching was characterised and qualified on ontological grounds, departing from the phenomenon itself. In this way the limitations of positivist process-product views of teaching could be identified, explained and overcome. Alternatively, a dynamic integrated view of teaching as a human act, directed at the facilitation of relevant and meaningful learning, was grounded and developed. Based on this general ontological-contextually based view, a specific ontologicalcontextual view of effective school mathematics teaching was grounded and developed. To this end a variety of prominent contemporary views of and approaches to school mathematics, and its teaching and learning, needed to be analysed in a critical way. According to this analysis school mathematics, and its teaching and learning should be viewed and approached from a constructivist-based dynamic change-and-grow perspective as human acts. In addition, it could have been proved that the perspective concerned can facilitate the treatment and solving of the currently experienced teaching-learning problems. This requires the reconsideration, from a similar perspective, of the current school mathematics curriculum, as well as the preservice didactic training of mathematics teachers. Specific implications of the developed ontological-contextual view of effective school mathematics teaching were identified, and practically tested in the corresponding preservice didactic training situation in the North West Province. Based on this an integrated model for the training concerned was formulated. It was found that the current training largely contributed to the continuation of traditional views of and approaches to school mathematics teaching, and its essential features. From the developed integrated ontological-contextual perspective definitive proposals regarding the transformation of school mathematics teaching and the corresponding didactic training were made and motivated. Further areas for investigation and development, resulting from this study, were identified, as well. This study aimed at investigating, and revealing for further exploration, the specific and broadening interaction between the general teaching and subject didactical fields and research, particularly in the two contexts of effective school mathematics teaching and the corresponding preservice didactical training. A particular attempt was made to accomplish this in a grounded and integrated way, to the benefit of both fields. / Thesis (PhD)--PU for CHE, 1998.

This thesis explores the reasons teachers teach Shakespeare, especially his plays, in Secondary English classrooms, which plays teachers teach and why they teach them, and a catalog of methods of teaching Shakespeare. The catalog includes methods of introduction, literary analysis, performance, multimedia, and technology, as well as methods that integrate multiple approaches. The thesis stresses the integration of multiple approaches and the employment of a variety of methods.

<p>The inclusion of technology in the school curriculum has been a concern in many countries following the 1990 Jomtien World Conference on Education for ALL (Jenkins, 1996). However, there are different perspectives and views about technology education. As a result technology has been included in the school curriculum in varied ways.</p> <p><br /> In recognition of the importance of technology in economic development, Lesotho has attempted to include technology in the school curriculum by incorporating science and technology. This study evaluated the Lesotho science curriculum which incorporates technology. The evaluation study is based on the framework first proposed by Stake (1967). Stake&rsquo / s model addresses the relationship between the intended curriculum and the implemented curriculum (Stenhouse, 1988). In this study the intended curriculum is defined as the curriculum plan as depicted in the curriculum materials such as the syllabus, the examinations questions papers and the textbook which was used as an exemplary material for teaching the science-technology curriculum. The implemented curriculum is viewed as what actually happened at school level as teachers tried to interpret the curriculum developer&rsquo / s plan. Although Stake&rsquo / s model served as a guide in the collection and analysis of empirical data, other theoretical areas supported it. These included Gardner&rsquo / s (1990) approaches to the incorporation of science and technology / the constant comparative approach (Merriam, 1998) / and some aspects of curriculum theory, particularly curriculum development and curriculum evaluation as espoused in the works of certain scholars (e.g. Ornstein and Hunkins, 2004 / Stenhouse, 1988). The study was designed as a multiple-site case study (Merriam, 1998). The sites where in-depth study of the implemented curriculum was done were four high schools in Lesotho. The intended curriculum was mainly examined by analysing the curriculum materials such as the syllabus, the examinations question paper and the textbook. The methods that were used for collecting the data were interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and the achievement tests.</p>

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This research is about university teachers’ experiences of teaching in blended learning environments. In recent years, this type of environments has become increasingly common. Universities have realised the value of the incorporation of eLearning, making teaching more professional and offering higher quality learning experiences. At the same time, pressures from students, who use online resources for many of their everyday activities, and employers, who want future professionals to be skilled information technology users, have also promoted the up-take of eLearning. In this context, the present research took a relational approach to investigate what university teachers think eLearning is good for in their teaching, how they approach teaching when eLearning is involved, and how their perception of the teaching situation affects the use of eLearning. Associations between these elements were also explored. The research had a qualitative and a quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage, 18 university teachers, coming from two research-intensive Australian universities were interviewed. This stage focused on conceptions, approaches and perceptions of the teaching situation; both considering teaching in face-to-face settings and using eLearning. In the quantitative stage, 86 university teachers answered a web-based survey. Three questionnaires were used to explore associations between approaches and perceptions: the ‘approaches to teaching’ inventory, the ‘perception of the teaching situation’ questionnaire, and the ‘approaches to teaching using eLearning’ questionnaire. The last one was developed from the results of the qualitative stage of this research. Results showed that conceptions of teaching ranged from being focused on content and information to being focused on learning and the student. Conceptions of teaching using eLearning showed variation from being focused on information to being focused on communication and collaboration. Conceptions of blended teaching were proposed to emerge from associations between conceptions of teaching and conceptions of teaching using eLearning. In relation to approaches, results showed that approaches to teaching ranged from being focused on content and the teacher to being focused on learning and the student. Approaches to teaching using eLearning varied from being focused on transmission of information to being focused on communication and collaboration. As in the case of conceptions, approaches to blended teaching were also claimed to emerge from associations between approaches to teaching and approaches to teaching using eLearning. Regarding elements influencing teaching, seven factors emerged in relation to approaches to teaching using eLearning: ‘control of teaching’, ‘institutional strategy’, ‘technical support’, ‘pedagogical support’, ‘amount of time needed’, ‘teacher’s skills for eLearning’ and ‘students’ ability and willingness to using eLearning’. Factors influencing teachers’ general perception of their teaching situation were ‘control of teaching’, ‘institutional support’ and ‘students’ characteristics’. Associations between conceptions, approaches and perceptions were explored through ‘teaching profiles’ and ‘orchestrations’ Teaching profiles referred to systematic associations between conceptions and approaches to teaching in face-to-face and online teaching. Three blended teaching profiles emerged: ‘systematically information focused’, ‘dissonant’ (with 5 variations) and ‘systematically learning focused’. Blended teaching profiles associated with perceptions of the teaching situation and teachers’ characteristics led to ‘teaching orchestrations’. Three orchestrations emerged: ‘consonant (information focused) and coherent’, ‘dissonant and coherent’ and ‘consonant (learning focused) and coherent’. Results of the quantitative stage tended to support prior qualitative findings, and also identified ‘incoherent’ associations between approaches to teaching and perceptions of the teaching situation, which had not emerged in the qualitative study. Results of this research were claimed to have practical implications in terms of academic development, the management of teaching and eLearning, and the practice of teaching. In relation to academic development, it was proposed that programs focused on expanding university teachers’ awareness about ways of incorporating eLearning into on-campus education rather than only providing ‘technical’ skills are generated. In relation to management of teaching and eLearning, it was proposed that favourable conditions should be set up for the teachers to perceive they are supported for the incorporation of eLearning into their teaching. Finally, in relation to the practice of teaching, it was proposed that teachers incorporate learning tasks aligned with the communication-collaboration focused approaches to teaching using eLearning, such as blended discussions or knowledge building tasks.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-211) and appendix. Available online via the OhioLink ETD Center. Also available in print.