Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 349806 bytes, checksum: 1fd0f5db382ba931252ba16e3de9a860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-03 / The technique of timed artificial insemination (TAI) can be used as a tool to optimize reproductive efficiency. Among the alternative protocols hormone, prostaglandin (PGF2&#945;) and estradiol benzoate (EB) have been used frequently, or combined with progesterone and GnRH analogues. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of follicular diameter on the pregnancy rate using BE or GnRH on the placement of the implant of progesterone (D0) in beef cows divided into two groups: G-BE (n = 32) and G-GnRH (n = 29). The D0 was placed implant P4 (CIDR ®) and applied 2 ml of BE (G-BE) or 2.5 mL of GnRH (GnRH-G). In D9 the implant was removed, concomitant administration of 2.5 mL of 0.25 mL PGF2&#945; and estradiol cypionate (ECP ®) followed by removal of calves. After 48 h all the cows were inseminated and the calves returned. At D0 and D9 was held ultrasound to measure the dominant follicle (DF) present in the ovary. There was no difference (p&gt; 0.05) in pregnancy rate between treatments, BE (55%) and GnRH (41%), but the follicular diameter was significantly higher (p &lt;0.05) in pregnant cows treated with EB (10.7 mm vs. 8.5 mm) and in cows treated with GnRH there was no difference (p&gt; 0.05) between pregnant and empty (11.6 mm vs. 10.2 mm). We also evaluate the postpartum period (&gt; or &lt;45 days), the application of eCG or temporary removal of the calves (RTB) and the influence of genetic group on TAI. We used the 678 cows being: Nelore (n = 234), Nelore, Brahman (n = 159) and ¾ Nellore-Red Angus (n = 285) divided into G-Early (GP, n = 151) and G-Late (GT, n = 527). Again divided into GP-RTB (n = 93) and GT-RTB (n = 299), GP-eCG (n = 58) and GT-eCG (n = 228). The animals received CIDR ® + 2 mL of BE (D0). In D8, the device was removed and all groups received 2.5 mL PGF2&#945; &#61472;, and 1.5 mL eCG (GP-GT-eCG and eCG) or removal of calves (GP-GT-RTB and RTB). In D9 the animals received 1 mL BE and 24 hours after held IATF. The pregnancy rate did not change (p&gt; 0.05), and 40% (GP) and 48% (GT). Also did not change (p&gt; 0.05) in groups: GP-eCG (37.9%), GP-RTB (41.9%), GT-eCG (51.7%) and GT-RTB (45.1 %). The pregnancy rate in Nelore cows - Brahman (37%) was lower (p &lt;0.05) than the Nellore (52%) and ¾ Nellore Red - Angus (45%). It was concluded that the use of GnRH in D0 does not improve pregnancy rate in cows in the postpartum period, even increasing follicular diameter, which females with less than 45 days postpartum are able to IATF, regardless of the use of eCG or RTB and race influence of mothers on pregnancy rate. / A técnica da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para otimização da eficiência reprodutiva. Entre as alternativas de protocolos hormonais, a prostaglandina F2&#945; (PGF2&#945;), seus análogos e o benzoato de estradiol (BE) têm sido utilizados com freqüência, combinados à progesterona (P4) ou análogos e GnRH ou análogos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência do diâmetro folicular sobre a taxa de prenhez, utilizando BE ou GnRH no dia da colocação do implante de progesterona (D0) em vacas de corte divididas em dois grupos: G-BE (n=32) e G-GnRH (n=29). No D0 foi colocado um dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (CIDR®) e aplicado 2mL de BE (G-BE) ou 2,5 mL de GnRH (G-GnRH). No D9 foi retirado o implante, concomitante à administração de 2,5 mL de PGF2&#945; e 0,25 mL de cipionato de estradiol (E.C.P.®) seguido de remoção dos bezerros. Após 48h todas as vacas foram inseminadas e os bezerros retornados. No D0 e D9 foi realizada ultrassonografia para medir o folículo dominante (FD) presente no ovário. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) na taxa de prenhez entre os tratamentos, BE (55%) e GnRH (41%). O diâmetro folicular foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) nas vacas prenhes tratadas com BE (10,7mm vs 8,5mm) e nas vacas tratadas com GnRH não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre as prenhes e vazias (11,6mm vs 10,2mm). Em outro experimento, avaliou-se o período pós-parto (> ou <45 dias), a aplicação de eCG ou remoção temporária dos bezerros (RTB) e influência do grupo genético na IATF. Utilizou-se 678 vacas sendo: Nelore (n=234), ½ Nelore-Brahman (n=159) e ¾ Nelore-Red Angus (n=285) divididas em G-Precoce (G-P, n=151) e G-Tardio (G-T, n=527). Novamente divididas em G-P-RTB (n=93) e G-T-RTB (n=299); G-P-eCG (n=58) e G-T-eCG (n=228). Os animais receberam CIDR® + 2 mL de BE (D0). No D8, o dispositivo foi retirado e todos os grupos receberam 2,5 mL PGF2&#945;&#61472;, e 1,5 mL eCG (G-P-eCG e G-T-eCG) ou remoção dos bezerros (G-P-RTB e G-T-RTB). No D9 os animais receberam 1 mL BE e 24h após realizou-se IATF. A taxa de prenhez não variou (p>0,05), sendo 40% (G-P) e 48% (G-T). Também não variou (p>0,05) nos grupos: G-P-eCG (37,9%), G-P-RTB (41,9%), G-T-eCG (51,7%) e G-T-RTB (45,1%). A taxa de prenhez nas vacas ½ Nelore Brahman (37%) foi inferior (p<0,05) que os da raça Nelore (52%) e ¾ Nelore Red Angus (45%). Foi concluído que o uso de GnRH no D0 não melhorou a taxa de prenhez em vacas no pós-parto, mesmo aumentando o diâmetro folicular, que fêmeas com menos de 45 dias pós-parto estão aptas para IATF, independente do uso de eCG ou RTB e a raça das matrizes influencia nas taxas de prenhez, sendo a raça Nelore a que apresentou a maior taxa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 349806 bytes, checksum: 1fd0f5db382ba931252ba16e3de9a860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-03 / The technique of timed artificial insemination (TAI) can be used as a tool to optimize reproductive efficiency. Among the alternative protocols hormone, prostaglandin (PGF2&#945;) and estradiol benzoate (EB) have been used frequently, or combined with progesterone and GnRH analogues. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of follicular diameter on the pregnancy rate using BE or GnRH on the placement of the implant of progesterone (D0) in beef cows divided into two groups: G-BE (n = 32) and G-GnRH (n = 29). The D0 was placed implant P4 (CIDR ®) and applied 2 ml of BE (G-BE) or 2.5 mL of GnRH (GnRH-G). In D9 the implant was removed, concomitant administration of 2.5 mL of 0.25 mL PGF2&#945; and estradiol cypionate (ECP ®) followed by removal of calves. After 48 h all the cows were inseminated and the calves returned. At D0 and D9 was held ultrasound to measure the dominant follicle (DF) present in the ovary. There was no difference (p&gt; 0.05) in pregnancy rate between treatments, BE (55%) and GnRH (41%), but the follicular diameter was significantly higher (p &lt;0.05) in pregnant cows treated with EB (10.7 mm vs. 8.5 mm) and in cows treated with GnRH there was no difference (p&gt; 0.05) between pregnant and empty (11.6 mm vs. 10.2 mm). We also evaluate the postpartum period (&gt; or &lt;45 days), the application of eCG or temporary removal of the calves (RTB) and the influence of genetic group on TAI. We used the 678 cows being: Nelore (n = 234), Nelore, Brahman (n = 159) and ¾ Nellore-Red Angus (n = 285) divided into G-Early (GP, n = 151) and G-Late (GT, n = 527). Again divided into GP-RTB (n = 93) and GT-RTB (n = 299), GP-eCG (n = 58) and GT-eCG (n = 228). The animals received CIDR ® + 2 mL of BE (D0). In D8, the device was removed and all groups received 2.5 mL PGF2&#945; &#61472;, and 1.5 mL eCG (GP-GT-eCG and eCG) or removal of calves (GP-GT-RTB and RTB). In D9 the animals received 1 mL BE and 24 hours after held IATF. The pregnancy rate did not change (p&gt; 0.05), and 40% (GP) and 48% (GT). Also did not change (p&gt; 0.05) in groups: GP-eCG (37.9%), GP-RTB (41.9%), GT-eCG (51.7%) and GT-RTB (45.1 %). The pregnancy rate in Nelore cows - Brahman (37%) was lower (p &lt;0.05) than the Nellore (52%) and ¾ Nellore Red - Angus (45%). It was concluded that the use of GnRH in D0 does not improve pregnancy rate in cows in the postpartum period, even increasing follicular diameter, which females with less than 45 days postpartum are able to IATF, regardless of the use of eCG or RTB and race influence of mothers on pregnancy rate. / A técnica da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para otimização da eficiência reprodutiva. Entre as alternativas de protocolos hormonais, a prostaglandina F2&#945; (PGF2&#945;), seus análogos e o benzoato de estradiol (BE) têm sido utilizados com freqüência, combinados à progesterona (P4) ou análogos e GnRH ou análogos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência do diâmetro folicular sobre a taxa de prenhez, utilizando BE ou GnRH no dia da colocação do implante de progesterona (D0) em vacas de corte divididas em dois grupos: G-BE (n=32) e G-GnRH (n=29). No D0 foi colocado um dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (CIDR®) e aplicado 2mL de BE (G-BE) ou 2,5 mL de GnRH (G-GnRH). No D9 foi retirado o implante, concomitante à administração de 2,5 mL de PGF2&#945; e 0,25 mL de cipionato de estradiol (E.C.P.®) seguido de remoção dos bezerros. Após 48h todas as vacas foram inseminadas e os bezerros retornados. No D0 e D9 foi realizada ultrassonografia para medir o folículo dominante (FD) presente no ovário. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) na taxa de prenhez entre os tratamentos, BE (55%) e GnRH (41%). O diâmetro folicular foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) nas vacas prenhes tratadas com BE (10,7mm vs 8,5mm) e nas vacas tratadas com GnRH não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre as prenhes e vazias (11,6mm vs 10,2mm). Em outro experimento, avaliou-se o período pós-parto (> ou <45 dias), a aplicação de eCG ou remoção temporária dos bezerros (RTB) e influência do grupo genético na IATF. Utilizou-se 678 vacas sendo: Nelore (n=234), ½ Nelore-Brahman (n=159) e ¾ Nelore-Red Angus (n=285) divididas em G-Precoce (G-P, n=151) e G-Tardio (G-T, n=527). Novamente divididas em G-P-RTB (n=93) e G-T-RTB (n=299); G-P-eCG (n=58) e G-T-eCG (n=228). Os animais receberam CIDR® + 2 mL de BE (D0). No D8, o dispositivo foi retirado e todos os grupos receberam 2,5 mL PGF2&#945;&#61472;, e 1,5 mL eCG (G-P-eCG e G-T-eCG) ou remoção dos bezerros (G-P-RTB e G-T-RTB). No D9 os animais receberam 1 mL BE e 24h após realizou-se IATF. A taxa de prenhez não variou (p>0,05), sendo 40% (G-P) e 48% (G-T). Também não variou (p>0,05) nos grupos: G-P-eCG (37,9%), G-P-RTB (41,9%), G-T-eCG (51,7%) e G-T-RTB (45,1%). A taxa de prenhez nas vacas ½ Nelore Brahman (37%) foi inferior (p<0,05) que os da raça Nelore (52%) e ¾ Nelore Red Angus (45%). Foi concluído que o uso de GnRH no D0 não melhorou a taxa de prenhez em vacas no pós-parto, mesmo aumentando o diâmetro folicular, que fêmeas com menos de 45 dias pós-parto estão aptas para IATF, independente do uso de eCG ou RTB e a raça das matrizes influencia nas taxas de prenhez, sendo a raça Nelore a que apresentou a maior taxa.

Em Biomedicina, a detecção e a quanticação de anormalidades presentes num sinal são desejáveis. Uma estratégia de codicação baseada em extração de características, tais como picos ou frequências, pode não capturar todas as irregularidades. Assim, uma representação baseada em funções de base denidas com conhecimento a priori do sinal pode ser mais precisa para aplicações biomédicas. A escolha das funções base depende da natureza siológica do sinal e de suas peculiaridades. Sinais de eletrocardiograma (ECG) e eletroencefalograma (EEG) exibem características bem denidas. ECG, por exemplo, é um sinal elétrico composto de uma forma de onda especíca (P, QRS e T). Se as características de um sinal a ser sintetizado são bem compreendidas, é possível derivar uma assinatura para o sinal. Uma codicação apropriada permite a extração de parâmetros relevantes para sua análise, tais como anormalidades num ciclo cardíaco representadas por uma alteração no sinal de ECG, ou então uma excitação das ondas cerebrais representada por uma modicação no sinal de EEG. O objetivo deste projeto é introduzir uma nova técnica de codicação de sinais, que representa um sinal pela soma de funções sigmoides para aproximar iterativamente o sinal medido, com foco em aplicações biomédicas. Funções sigmoides tendem a reproduzir bem as grandes variações presentes em sinais biomédicos, daí a escolha de usá-las na codicação deste tipo de sinal. Serão explorados o nível de compressão dos dados, bem como a taxa de convergência. A técnica desenvolvida será comparada com técnicas convencionais de codicação e sua robustez será avaliada. Uma estratégia de codicação ótima pode trazer benefícios não só para a compressão, mas também na criação de assinaturas de sinais representando tanto condições siológicas normais como patológicas. / In Biomedicine, detection and quantication of abnormalities present in a signal are desired. An encoding strategy based on feature extraction, such as peaks or frequencies, may not capture all irregularities. Thus, a function-based representation, constructed using a priori knowledge of signal characteristics, may be more accurate for biomedical applications. The choice of the basis function depends on the physiological nature of the signal and its specic features. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals exhibit well-dened characteristics. ECG, for instance, is an electrical signal composed of specic waveform (P, QRS, and T). If the characteristics of a signal to be synthesized are well understood, its possible to derive a signal signature. An appropriate encoding allows the extraction of parameters relevant for its analysis, such as, abnormalities in a cardiac cycle represented by an alteration in the ECG signal, or an excitation of the brain waves represented by a modication of the EEG. The objective of this project is to introduce a novel signal encoding technique that represents a signal by a sum of sigmoidal functions to iteratively approximate the measured signal, targeted at biomedical applications. Sigmoidal functions tend to reproduce well large variations in biomedical signals, hence their use for coding this type of signal. We explore the data compression level as well as the convergence rate. We also compare it to conventional encoding techniques and assess the robustness of this model. An optimal encoding strategy may bring not only benets in compression, but also in the creation of signatures for signals representing both physiological and pathological conditions.

Kranskärlssjukdom (CAD) är den ledande dödsorsaken. Sjukdomen startar med plackbildning i ett eller flera kranskärl, vilket kan leda till bröstsmärta samt andra symtom. Diagnostik av CAD inkluderar undersökningarna arbetsprov (AP) och myokardscintigrafi (MPI). Båda undersökningarnas prognostiska värde påverkas dock av parametrar som elektrokardiogram (EKG), EKG-triggning, Dukes löpbands index (DTS) och Metaboliska ekvivalenter (MET). Litteraturstudiens syfte var att jämföra den prognostiska prestandan hos AP jämfört med MPI. Detta genom att studera de nämnda parametrarnas prognostiska påverkan på respektive undersökning. De använda artiklarna uppfyllde samtliga inklusionskriterier: engelska, peer-reviewed samt etiskt godkänd eller inhämtat samtycke. Databasen Pubmed, snowballsmetod samt relaterade artiklar användes vid litteraturinsamlingen. Enligt resultatet ökar ovannämnda parametrar det prognostiska värdet hos både AP och MPI. Dock visades att patienter som uppnår olika MET samt DTS-värden bättre kan riskkategoriseras med MPI. Dessutom visades MPI kunna skilja de med sämre prognos bland patienter med positiva AP-resultat, men även bland de med negativa AP-resultat. Därmed drog författarna slutsatsen att MPI har ett ökat mervärde gällande prognostik hos patienter med CAD. Fler studier som samtidigt jämför AP och MPI behövs dock för en mer fullständig slutsats. / Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death. This disease starts with plaque buildup in one or more coronary vessels, which can lead to chest pain among other symptoms. Diagnostics include the exercise stress test (AP) and myocardial scintigraphy (MPI). The prognostic value of both examinations depends on parameters such as electrocardiogram (ECG), ECG-gating, Duke treadmill score (DTS) and Metabolic equivalents (MET). The purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic performance of AP with MPI, by studying the prognostic effect of the mentioned parameters in each study. The used articles met all inclusion criterias: English, peer-reviewed, and ethically accepted or obtained consent. Pubmed database, snowball method and related articles were used for literature collection. According to the results, the above-mentioned parameters increase the prognostic value of AP and MPI. However, patients achieving different MET and DTS scores are better categorized with MPI. MPI was shown to differentiate those with poorer prognosis among patients with positive AP-results and those with negative AP-results. The authors concluded that MPI has an added value regarding prognosis forpatients with CAD. However, more studies comparing AP and MPI at the same time are needed to obtain a more complete conclusion.

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent clinically significant arrhythmia. Its occurrence in adult population was previously reported to be 0.4 %, currently it is more or less 0.95 %. In industrial countries the population of patients with ischemic heart disease is increasing; with progress in therapy of such patients the number of individuals with heart disease has increased. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation, which occurs frequently with such diseases, is also expected. Concurrence with atrial flutter, atrial macroreetnry arrhythmia is relatively frequent. Both arrhythmias may alternate in a patent or change from one to another. Efforts with medication therapies were not sufficiently successful in the past. New products have been sought all the time – the products which would have influence on the atrial muscle and have no influence on ventricular myocardium, have no side effects and no proarrhythmogenic potential. Simultaneously, ways of non-pharmacological treatment have been sought. The non-pharmacological methods are prevailing currently since pharmaceutical products fail and have irregular effect. The category of non-pharmacological treatment includes cardio-stimulating methods and ablation techniques. Accordingly, there were no sufficiently sophisticated methods of evaluating of arrhythmia occurrence after ablation procedures. The development of efficient detection, processing and evaluation of heart activity proceeds to long-term monitoring of heart signals using an implantable heart monitor. The latest model of implantable heart monitor has been introduced in clinical practice; it is particularly intended for diagnostics of atrial arrhythmias. The above-mentioned implant bears trade name REVEALŽ XT, produced by the MEDTRONIC Company. This thesis elaborates comprehensively the issue of implantable heart monitors of the latest generation which are specially intent on diagnostics of atrial arrhythmias. It summarizes data that was collected as a part of two world-wide multicentre studies EPECT and VISIT. In this thesis I analyze data obtained at the centre of acute cardiology hospital Na Homolce. The data population offers a comprehensive view of potentials of subcutaneous heart monitors from the pre-implanting phase to one-year follow-up of detection properties and classifications of heart arrhythmias with a strong emphasis on an analysis of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Based on thus analyzed data the following conclusion can be made: The implantable heart monitor REVEALŽ XT is suitable for clinical applications of long-term monitoring of heart rhythm both in the area of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias.

This master thesis solves the problem of estimating the quality of ECG signals. The main objective of the work is to implement a self-assessment of the quality assessment method based on the studied methods for estimating the quality of the ECG signal. The theoretical part of the thesis contains mainly the description of the electrical activity of the heart, cardiac anatomy, and physiology, electrocardiography, various types of ECG signal interference and methods describing the estimation of ECG signal quality. The practical part deals with the application of individual methods for estimating the quality of ECG signals. The SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) calculation is used to continuously estimate the quality of the ECG. Signal quality can also be judged based on statistical functions, adaptive filtering, or by analyzing independent components. The proposed method is based on the calculation of the correlation coefficient between the adaptive template and the disturbed signal. The robustness of the method was verified on artificially created ECG signals with different noise levels and then on real signals from the MIT-BIH database.

This seminar work deals with the topic of evaluating the quality of ECG signals. The introductory chapters explain the basic characteristics of ECG signals - measurement, the form of the measured signal, methods of analysis. The cardiac physiology and pathology is presented. The most common types of noise that occur in ECG signals are also mentioned. Further, the reader is acquainted with the importance of the issue of evaluating the quality of ECG signals. In the practical part of the work, two own methods for ECG quality evaluation are presented. First, a brief theoretical introduction to the techniques used in the creation of methoda is given, followed by a description of the principle of algorithms. In order to compare the functionality of the proposed methods, three more methods from other authors are presented. Their principle is briefly described. In the final chapter, all methods are subjected to functionality testing. The results are examined and all methods are compared with each other.

The topic of this master's thesis is the analysis of ECG signals using wavelet transform. In the introductory chapters there is a brief description of heart anatomy, the emergence and spread of potentials, which evocating activities of myocardium. There is an overview of techniques used for ECG signals analysis and explanation of ECG curve diagnostic importance. Work also containts an ECG signal analysis common procedure explanation and different approaches brief overview. The main part of this work is an application detecting significant intervals in the ECG signal, developed in Matlab. In several chapters the detection procedure is described in more details and gave reasons for chosen methods. In the last chapter there is a preview of several signals as a result of developed application, together with evaluation of the tests carried out at the CSE database. Detector sensitivity was quantified over 99,10%.

This thesis deals with evaluation EKG in terms of classification rhythm and analysis HRV. In theoretic part of work are described basics of heart physiology and its usual pathology, basics of electrocardiography, evaluation EKG and standard methods of HRV evaluation. In practical part are described algorithms used in created application. Mainly describes technique of rhythm evaluation, ectopic rhythms and delineation error elimination, data preparing for HRV evaluation, drift removal from DES and HRV evaluation methods. Created program was tested on CSE and MIT- BIH database records. For lack of suitable data and absence of tested data, it wasn’t possible to test all the classification rules of used algorithms. Tested part of program appears reliable and functional.

This master's thesis deals with electrocardiogram and its distortion, which causes errors, due to which a doctor can make a wrong diagnosis. In the theoretical part electrocardiogram is briefly described, further theory of wavelet transform, introduction to the signal compression and some information about ECG delineation. Methods used for the signal evaluation and therefore determination of the distortion size are described in the main theoretical part. This thesis contains known methods and also a method of own design based on the ECG delineation. Some of the described methods are checked in the practical part. These methods are tested for two different compression algorithms, which cause various distortion. In the final part distortion was tested on the influence on setting the wrong diagnosis.