Ecological Education of adults in Utena region Ancient people were inseparable from nature. They depended on environment and this dependence was reflected in their way of live, customs, creation and rituals. Civilized people don’t connect themselves with nature as much as their ancestors did. They don’t have a strong feeling of harmony with surrounding environment. However people today feel concern about endangned nature and devastated environment. And this is not only aesthetic problem, but necessity to preserve nature and man. That is why more and more attention is paid to ecology and ecological education. Ecological education is one of the fields of integrated education. It’s role is to help adults realize ecological problems, acquire cultural and social competence, be independent, active and responsible. The main good of ecological education is to form ecological consciousness, ethics world outlook, to develop responsibility for survival of nature. Ecological education is effective when work is organized gradually. Adults should acquire this education in one or another way all their lives, only then we can successfully form an ecologically educated personality.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Oct. 5, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-249). Also available on microfiche.

Biodiversity offsetting mechanisms are increasingly applied worldwide as a new solution to the current biodiversity crisis. The offsetting approach is idealised as a means to achieve no net loss of biodiversity. Offsetting mechanisms aim to quantify residual biodiversity losses and enable developers to account for residual impacts off-site. Despite rising global application, the effectiveness of offsetting is by no means assured. The question of whether and how offsetting can be operationalised to achieve no net loss has become a key focal point in debates surrounding their effectiveness. Environmental Impact Assessment, or EIA, has been portrayed as an obvious 'vehicle' for integrating offsetting into existing corporate management systems and planning systems, and therefore a key factor over how offsetting mechanisms operate. This research critically investigated the nature of integration and interactions between EIA and offsetting using a three phase qualitative research design, which brought together analysis of emerging policy, expert interviews and in-depth case studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7684_1.pdf: 3197582 bytes, checksum: e9a5a1df323907fb05bb3c1b206c2fd5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Recentes acidentes industriais, como vazamentos tóxicos, têm causado danos catastróficos ao meio ecológico (i.e. plantas e animais), de modo que um método efetivo para analisar riscos ecológicos tem sido demandado. Em primeiro lugar, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia capaz de quantificar riscos ecológicos inerentes a eventos raros como acidentes industriais. Utiliza-se a modelagem populacional para simular futuras mudanças na abundância populacional de espécies-chave em risco e, assim, estimar a probabilidade de extinção ou declínio, tempo para extinção e outras medidas, para cada cenário acidental. Assim, foi possível desenvolver uma abordagem que combina os danos ecológicos (previstos através da modelagem populacional) com a frequência de ocorrência do cenário acidental (estimada através de dados históricos e análise de confiabilidade). O resultado é uma curva de risco FN (similar ao resultado de uma análise de risco a humanos), onde N é o declínio populacional médio e F a frequência acumulada de acidentes com declínio maior ou igual a N. Em segundo lugar, o trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da metodologia para quantificar os riscos ecológicos provenientes de acidentes associados ao transporte e manuseio de petróleo que abastece uma refinaria no Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape-PE, no Nordeste do Brasil. Esta instalação está localizada próxima a um rico ecossistema aquático de alta biodiversidade. A população de uma espécie nativa foi estrategicamente escolhida para representar o ecossistema, alguns cenários de derramamento de petróleo foram simulados e suas frequências de ocorrência estimadas. Para cada cenário acidental, a concentração de óleo que atinge a população foi prevista via modelagem de destino e transporte. Os riscos ecológicos foram quantificados e apresentados em uma curva FN. Uma análise de sensibilidade foi feita para explorar como mudanças em parâmetros específicos causam mudanças nas medidas de risco. Além disso, a incerteza foi medida como um intervalo (limite superior e inferior) para as medidas de riscos com base em cenários pessimistas e otimistas. Finalmente, a metodologia mostrou-se viável, eficiente, conveniente e flexível, apesar de que algumas melhorias ainda podem ser feitas e estas foram propostas para trabalhos futuros

This dissertation provides a substantive study of the faith-based Mondragón Cooperative Movement in Spain and the Indra’s Net Life Community in Korea, analyzing and critically comparing the ethical values of Catholic Social Teaching and Socially Engaged Asian Buddhism. By evaluating the extent of their success in dealing with socioecological concerns, the importance of religio-ethical values and principles to the disciplines of social and environmental ethics is stressed, offering a new, religiously sensitive approach to ecological wellbeing. As this dissertation argues, the thought and work of Mondragón and Indra’s Net offer important resources for conceptualizing ecological ethics and social justice in and among human communities. This comparison considers two questions: First, what alternative economic system might engage, in context, socioecological religious values and be implemented as an alternative to neoclassical economics? Second, what socioecological ethical principles provide effective intellectual resources to critically assess today’s global economic and ecological crises, and suggest a way to resolve them? These questions are addressed by a study of the ethical and social implications of modern economic systems, as compared to a worker-owned cooperative movement and a socially engaged Asian Buddhist liberation movement, both of which offer an alternative to current economic configurations. Inspired by the communitarian personalist thought of Mondragón’s priest-founder, José María Arizmendiarrieta, and the ecological thought of the Venerable Tobŏp, based on Huayan Buddhism’s philosophy of "interdependent co-arising" (pratītyasamupāda), these grassroots socio-ecological movements provide relevant, religion-based social and ecological teachings that present concrete proposals for economic and social practice. Social Catholicism and socially engaged Buddhism, as evidenced by these two movements, apply a dynamic social-spiritual ideology consonant with their traditions' developing social-ecological consciousness, thereby striving to promote the wellbeing of Earth, humanity, and all life.

Published Article / A functioning ecological system results in ecosystem goods and services which are of direct value to human beings. Ecosystem services are the conditions and processes which sustain and fulfill human life, and maintain biodiversity and the production of ecosystem goods. However, human actions affect ecological systems and the services they provide through various activities, such as land use, water use, pollution and climate change. Climate change is perhaps one of the most important sustainable development challenges that threaten to undo many of the development efforts being made to reach the targets set for the Millennium Development Goals. Understanding the provision of ecosystem services and how they change under different scenarios of climate and biophysical conditions could assist in bringing the issue of ecosystem services into decision making process. Similarly, the impacts of land use change on ecosystems and biodiversity have received considerable attention from ecologists and hydrologists alike. Land use change in a catchment can impact on water supply by altering hydrological processes, such as infiltration, groundwater recharge, base flow and direct runoff. In the past a variety of models were used for predicting land-use changes. Recently the focus has shifted away from using mathematically oriented models to agent-based modelling (ABM) approach to simulate land use scenarios. The agent-based perspective, with regard to land-use cover change, is centred on the general nature and rules of land-use decision making by individuals. A conceptual framework is being developed to investigate the possibility of incorporating the human dimension of land use decision and climate change model into a hydrological model in order to assess the impact of future land use scenario and climate change on the ecological system in general and water resources in particular.

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