Práce shrnuje poznatky ve vývojové posloupnosti o ekonomických vztazích mezi zeměmi ES a ESVO a analyzuje tři současné finanční nástroje zemí ESVO - Finanční mechanismus EHP a Norska na období 2004-2009 a Švýcarský příspěvek (2007-2012). Cílem DP je komparace těchto tří nástrojů a zhodnocení stavu jejich implementace v České republice včetně navržení doporučení.

The thesis is dealing with the relations between EFTA and EU from the year 1960 up to present. Its goal is not only to describe them but also identify their key moments and circumstances which led to them and based on that to predict the future development. First chapter is devoted to the history of the relations between EFTA and EU from the year 1960 till mid 1990's. The second chapter focuses on EEA, its essence, tools and objectives. The third chapter then describes the development of the relations between EFTA and EU from mid 1990's up to present.

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en sjukdom som drabbar runt 10 % av den kvinnliga befolkningen i Sverige. Sjukdomen kan leda till mycket svåra symptom och smärta med sjukfrånvaro och lidande som resultat. Sedan 2018 finns nationella riktlinjer för vård vid endometrios. Bedömning av livskvalitet med formuläret The Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30), ett endometriosspecifikt utvärderingsinstrument, rekommenderas i vårdriktlinjerna. EHP-30 är det enda validerade endometriosspecifika utvärderingsinstrumentet som finns i svensk översättning. Det saknas kunskap om användningen av utvärderingsinstrument inom endometriosteam i Sverige idag. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga användningen av och åsikter om utvärderingsinstrument inom endometriosteam i Sverige och de i teamet ingående vårdprofessionerna. Syftet var även att mer specifikt kartlägga användningen av det endometriosspecifika utvärderingsinstrumentet EHP-30 vilket rekommenderas i vårdriktlinjerna. Metod: En icke-experimentell tvärsnittsstudie baserad på en egenkonstruerad webbenkät med såväl flervals- som fritextfrågor. Studien riktade sig till endometriosteam i Sverige, resultatet baseras på 47 respondenter som svarade på enkäten. Resultat: 33 % av respondenterna använde utvärderingsinstrument samtidigt som 85 % av respondenterna ansåg att det är mycket eller ganska viktigt att använda vid bedömning av patienter med endometrios. VAS/NRS var det vanligast förekommande utvärderingsinstrumentet. Arton respondenter angav att de känner till EHP-30. Fyra respondenter angav att de använder EHP-30, en använder det regelbundet. Tids- och resursbrist samt dålig kännedom och dålig tillgänglighet anges som förklaringar till varför utvärderingsinstrument inte används. Slutsats: Utvärderingsinstrument för att skatta smärtintensitet användes i högre utsträckning än utvärderingsinstrument för exempelvis livskvalitet. Här kan finnas ett behov av att bättre lyfta in ett biopsykosocialt förhållningssätt när det gäller utvärdering av patienter med endometrios. Tillgängligheten och spridningen av EHP-30 behöver prioriteras precis som Socialstyrelsen anger i vårdriktlinjerna. Tid och resurser kan behöva tillsättas för att underlätta för verksamheterna att implementera EHP-30. / Background: Endometriosis is a condition that affects around 10 % of the female population in Sweden. The disease can lead to very severe symptoms and pain with sickness absence and suffering as a result. Since 2018 there are national guidelines for healthcare for endometriosis. Quality of life assessment with the form The Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30), an endometriosis-specific numeric rating scale, is recommended in the Clinical guidelines. EHP30 is the only validated endometriosis-specific patient reported outcome measure available in Swedish translation. There are knowledge gaps about which patient reported outcome measures that are used in endometriosis teams in Sweden. Purpose: Mapping of outcome and options on outcome measures for endometriosis within endometriosis teams in Sweden and the health professions included in the team. The purpose was also to more specifically map the use of the endometriosis-specific evaluation insrument EHP-30, which is recommended in the care guidelines Method: A non-experimental cross-sectional study based on a self-designed web survey with both multiple-choice and free-text questions. The study was aimed at endometriosis teams in Sweden, the result being based on 47 respondents who answered the questionnaire. Results: 33 % of the respondents used outcome measures, while 85% considered it is very or fairly important to use endometriosis patients. VAS/NRS was the most commonly used patient reported outcome measures. Eighteen respondents indicated that they know the EHP30. Four respondents stated that they use the EHP-30, one uses it regularly. The lack of time and resources as well as knowledge and availability are stated as explanations for the fact that evaluation instruments are not used. Conclusion: Numeric rating scales for estimating pain intensity are used to a greater extent than patient reported outcome measures for, for example, quality of life. There may be a need to better address a biopsychosocial approach in evaluating endometriosis patients. The availability and dissemination of the EHP-30 needs to be prioritized just as the National Board of Health and Welfare states in the health guidelines. Time and resources may need to be added to make it easier for the healthcare facilities to implement the EHP-30.

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in SE Asia countries, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, China, and in India. This occurrence of this syndrome is usually first evidenced by the appearance of white fecal strings floating on surface of the shrimp ponds. The gross signs of affected shrimp include the appearance of a whitish hindgut and loose carapace, and it is associated with reduced feeding and growth retardation. To investigate the nature of the white feces syndrome, samples of white feces and shrimp hepatopancreas tissue were collected from Penaeus vannamei in affected farms in Indonesia, and these were examined histologically. Within the white feces, we found densely packed spores of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (abbreviated as EHP) and relatively fewer numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. From WFS ponds, hepatopancreas samples form 30 individual shrimp were analyzed by histology and in situ hybridization. The results showed that all of the shrimp examined were infected with EHP accompanied by septic hepatopancreatic necrosis (SHPN). Midgut epithelial cells were also infected and this increased the number of tissue types being affected by EHP. By PCR, EHP was detected in all the samples analyzed from WFS-affected ponds, but not in those sampled from healthy shrimp ponds. To determine the modes of transmission for this parasite, we performed feeding and cohabitation bioassays, the results showed that EHP can be transmitted through per os feeding of EHP-infected hepatopancreas tissue to healthy shrimp and through cohabitation ofinfected and healthy shrimp. In addition, we found the use of Fumagillin-B, an antimicrobial agent, was ineffective in either reducing or eliminating EHP in infected shrimp.

This thesis deals with the European Free Trade Association and its gradual integration into the European Union. Both EFTA and the EU were founded in post-war Europe with the objective of economic prosperity through mutual cooperation of the Member States, this later resulted in mutual cooperation between the two units and the progressive incorporation of EFTA into the EU. The first chapter discusses the development context for EFTA and the EEA upto 2001. The second chapter analyzes the impact of the revision of the memorandum on the relationship between Switzerland and the other EFTA members, the level of cooperation achieved in the EEA, and Switzerland's current relationship with the EU. The third chapter outlines the possibilities of further development of EFTA and the EEA countries and summarizes the current attitudes of individual members of EFTA towards furtherdeepening of their mutual relations.

Title: Effect of physiotherapy in patients with endometriosis Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to evalute the effect of a six-week physiotherapy intervention including manual and exercise therapy approach on the quality of life assessed by The Endometriosis Health Profile-30 questionnaire, on dysmenorrhea assessed by The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, and on the number of functional impairments of the musculoskeletal system asssessed by the kinesiological analysis of eight women with diagnosed endometriosis. Methods: The practical part is a pilot study evaluating the contribution of the six-week physiotherapy intervention in eight women with diagnosed enometriosis. The therapy plan was constructed individually to deal with the objective findings using the combination of manual and exercise therapy with the aim of decreasing the presence of functional impairments of the musculoskeletal system. To evaluate the effect of therapy, standartized qualitative questionnaires, The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, The short- form McGill Pain Questionnaire and The Endometriosis Health Profile-30 were used as well as the kinesiological diagnosis form. The probands filled out the questionnaires on the first day of their menstrual cycle before and after...

ANNOTATION The topic of this thesis is Financial Mechanisms of the European Economic Area and Norwegian Financial Mechanism and their using in the Czech Republic. In the introductory part there is described evolvement of these mechanisms since the foundation of the European Free Trade Association and the European Communities to their bilateral cooperation. This cooperation resulted in the creation of the European Economic Area. These Financial Mechanisms existence is based on creation EEA. The goal of this thesis is to present possibilities of the financial mechanisms and to show potential applicants for a financial support, how they could apply for the supporting finance and what they could expect. Furthermore the thesis contains analysis concerning use of the mechanisms in five years period 2004 -2009 and evaluation of results from questionnaire survey focused on one of the grants - Fund for Non-governmental Non-profit Organization. A general goal of this thesis is to provide to general and professional public compact information relating to the topic.

The Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that have jettisoned oxidation phosphorylative capabilities during their early evolutionary history and so rely on ATP import from their host and glycolysis for their energy needs. Some species form tight associations with the host’s mitochondria and this is thought to facilitate ATP sequestration by the developing intracellular microsporidian. The human parasite, Enterocytozoon bieneusi has however lost glycolytic capabilities and may rely entirely on ATP import from its host for energy. E. bieneusi belongs to the Enterocytozoonidae microsporidian family and recent rDNA-based phylogenetic studies have suggested it has close evolutionary ties with Enterospora canceri, a crab-infecting intranuclear parasite. Such a close evolutionary relationship implied that glycolysis might also be absent in the intranuclear parasite raising questions as to how this parasite obtains energy from its unusual niche that is physically walled off from the host mitochondria, the main source of ATP in the host cell. In this study, draft genomes of four species of the Enterocytozoonidae namely, Ent. canceri, E. hepatopenaei, Hepatospora eriocheir and Hepatospora eriocheir canceri and one non-Enterocytozoonidae species, Thelohania sp. were assembled and annotated (The genome assembly of Hepatospora eriocheir was provided by Dr. Bryony Williams). Phylogenomics performed with this and publicly available genomic data confirmed the close evolutionary ties between Ent. canceri and E. bieneusi. Comparative genomic analyses also revealed that glycolysis is indeed lost in all members of the Enterocytozoonidae family sequenced in this study, hinting to the relaxation of evolutionary pressures to maintain this pathway at the base of this microsporidian family. Despite this absence, the hexokinase gene was retained in all aglycolytic genomes analysed, and that of Ent. canceri was fused to a PTPA gene. Functional assays and yeast complementation assays suggest that this chimera is able to recognise glucose as a substrate but the heterologously expressed homolog of H. eriocheir cannot. Finally, phylogenomics have been used here to demonstrate that despite the morphological differences between three Hepatospora-like organisms parasitizing different crab hosts, they are the same species. This finding adds more weight to current evidence suggesting that morphology is not an ideal marker for taxonomical classification in the Microsporidia.

The thesis defines legal status of Liechtenstein in the European Economic Area. It is divided into three consecutive chapters. The first chapter consists of two parts - general and economic characteristics of Liechtenstein. The general characteristic is based on the author's experience supported by scientific literature, while economic subchapter is based largely on statistical data. The second chapter focuses on the legal status of Liechtenstein and its position on international scene. The position is viewed from two perspectives, which affects it the most. First, from the perspective of participation in selected international organizations and second, the influence of close relationship with Switzerland. The last chapter analyses international litigation to which Liechtenstein is a party. The aim of this thesis is to define the legal relations of Liechtenstein, which forms its position, using the methods of analysis.

Bakgrund: Endometrios definieras som närvaro av livmoderslemhinnans vävnad utanför livmodern och är en inflammatorisk, östrogen-relaterad sjukdom som drabbar personer i fertil ålder. En individens fysiska och mentala hälsa påverkas negativt till följd av endometrios-relaterad smärta. Alla personer rekommenderas att vara fysisk aktiva eftersom det ger hälsofördelar.    Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka fysisk aktivitet, fysisk träning och vardagsmotion, och upplevd hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer med endometrios, samt att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och upplevd hälsorelaterad livskvalitet.    Metod: Studien var en kvantitativ icke-experimentell tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv design.  Konstaterad endometiosdiagos, minst 15 års ålder samt medlem i någon av de större Facebookgrupperna kring endometrios i Sverige var inklusionskriterier för studien. Fysisk aktivitet studerades med hjälp av socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor. Fysisk aktivitet räknades om till index 3-19, höga värden visar hög fysisk aktivitet. Hälsorelaterad livskvalitet mättes med EHP-30. Index på EHP-30 räknades om till 0-100, där låga värden indikerar god livskvalitet. Korrelation studerades med hjälp av Spearmans rangkorrelationstest.   Resultat: Av 261 deltagare var resultatet för medianen för fysisk aktivitet 10, vilket är under 150 minuter fysisk aktivitet/vecka. Avseende hälsorelaterad livskvalitet var median 55,8, vilket påvisade en påverkad hälsorelaterad livskvalitet.  Det fanns ett svagt samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet (r=-0,3 och p <0,001).  Slutsats: Det var ett svagt samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer med endometrios. / Background: Endometriosis is defined as uterine lining tissue outside the uterus and is an inflammatory, estrogen-related disease that affects people of fertile age. An individual's physical and mental health is negatively affected by endometriosis-related pain. All people should be physically active because of the health- benefits.    Objective: The purpose was to examine physical activity, physical exercise and everyday exercise, and perceived health-related quality of life in people with endometriosis, also to investigate the correlation between physical activity and health-related quality of life.   Methods: The study was a quantitative non-experimental cross-sectional study with descriptive design.  Endometriosis diagnosis, a minimum of 15 years and a member of one of the large Facebookgroups about endometriosis in Sweden were the inclusion criteria. Physical activity was studied using the National Board of Health and Welfare's physical activity questions. The index was converted to 3-19, high scores show high physical activity. Health-related quality of life was measured with EHP-30. The index was converted to 0-100, low scores indicate good quality of life. Correlation was studied with Spearman's rank correlation test.    Results: Of 261 participants, the median result for physical activity was 10, less than 150 minutes/week of physical activity. In Health-related quality of life the median results were 55,8, an affected health related quality of life. There was a weak correlation between physical activity and health related quality of life (r = -0.3 and p <0.001).    Conclusion: There was a weak correlation between physical activity and health related quality of life.