Employee turnover affects the profitability, performance, and customer service of an organization. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that leaders in the hotel industry used to maintain a low rate of employee turnover. Motivation-hygiene theory was the conceptual framework for the study. The study population included 9 hotel leaders from 2 international hotels operating in Jamaica. Methodological triangulation involved the comparison of data from observation of hotel facilities and leaders' interactions with employees, review of company documents, and semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed into emerging themes using a Gadamerian hermeneutics framework of interpretation. Four major themes emerged from the data analysis: effective leadership strategies, favorable human resource management practices, good working conditions, and a family-oriented organizational culture. Analysis of the data showed that hotel industry leaders used a combination of these strategies to maintain low rates of employee turnover. The findings and recommendations may contribute to positive social change by providing hotel leaders with effective retention strategies, resulting in increased profitability and potential income continuity, thereby decreasing unemployment and moderating poverty.

Flexibility in the workplace is no longer perceived as a benefit to employees but as a requirement for organizations to remain competitive. Financial compensation alone may be insufficient to encourage employee retention. The purpose of this qualitative, single case study was to explore the strategies that corporate accounting and finance leaders implement to promote workplace flexibility for increasing accountants' retention. The conceptual framework for this study was Karasek's demand control support framework. The research sample consisted of 6 corporate accounting and finance leaders who had a history of successfully implementing a workplace flexibility program. Data analysis consisted of compiling the data, coding for emergent and a priori codes, disassembling the data into common codes, reassembling the data into themes, interpreting the meaning, and reporting the themes. The major themes from the findings of this study were leadership support and commitment, organization-wide tailored flexibility, clear communication of expectations, trust and cooperation, employee evaluation based on results and deliverables, and the use of technological advances to enhance team collaboration. Organizations and business leaders can use the findings from this study to create competitive advantage by enhancing their existing flexibility policies or to implement formal workplace flexibility policies that may help to reduce the stress and strain that employees experience in attempting to balance their personal and professional life. The implications for social change include creating a balance between employees' jobs and other responsibilities that allows employees to contribute positively to their family and the local community.

Employee turnover remains a ubiquitous phenomenon that could negatively impact the operations and profitability of any business entity. For decades, managers, business leaders, and individuals in academia have devoted considerable time and resources to understanding and reducing the phenomenon. This qualitative multiple case study was conducted to explore the successful strategies that restaurant managers used to reduce employee turnover. The population sample consisted of 4 restaurant managers from Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago who had successfully used strategies to reduce employee turnover. The conceptual framework used was the transformational leadership model. Data for the study were gathered using semistructured interviews, employee records, and company documents. The data were analyzed using cross-case synthesis. The findings included 4 emergent themes. Two themes were tethered to the transformational leadership model with the focus on the constituents of individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation. One theme was linked to the transactional leadership style under the element of management by exception active approach. The 4th theme was unexpected and tethered to practice; actions involved the use of various labor configurations to reduce employee turnover. The results of the study might be beneficial to managers not only in the restaurant industry but within the wider business ecology. With the implementation of successful strategies to reduce employee turnover, business operations and profitability could be spared degradation from operational disruptions due to frequent recruitment and labor shortages. The improved margins could be reinvested towards improving the communities and the lives of workers through positive changes in wages, therefore, contributing to positive social change.

Clinical supply chain managers who do not apply effective employee turnover strategies could negatively affect team performance, employee morale, employee well-being, patient outcomes, productivity, profitability, and the sustainability of organizational activities. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that supply chain managers used to decrease employee turnover in clinical logistics organizations. The targeted population consisted of 6 clinical logistics supply chain managers working in 6 community hospitals located in Maryland who had experience implementing successful strategies to decrease employee turnover. The servant leadership theory served as the study's framework. Data collection included semistructured interviews and a review of company records. Data were analyzed according to Yin's comprehensive data analysis method, including categorizing and coding words and phrases, word frequency searches to categorize patterns, and organizing the data to interpret recurring themes. Five main themes emerged from the data analysis: understanding employee turnover, proactive leadership, employee professional development, motivating employees, and effective communication. The findings from this study might contribute to social change by providing strategies that clinical logistics supply chain managers can implement to reduce employee turnover, which might sustain organizational profitability, improve the quality of life for employees, quality of service to patients, lower unemployment rates, and promote community health, wealth, and sustainability.

Organisations can create a competitive advantage through the way they design their human resource systems. High involvement work systems are considered to be a way to increase organisational performance and decrease employee turnover. However, the components involved are difficult and complex to define, and the synergy amongst the different components hard to evaluate. The literature suggests that the research is not uniform in its approach, and most research does not clearly define the variables involved or agree on the expected results of such systems. This research looks at high involvement work systems in the New Zealand organisational context, and relating these systems to employee turnover and organisational performance. The results of the study suggest that there does not appear to be a relationship between high involvement work systems, and employee turnover and organisational performance; but high involvement systems may contribute to increased labour productivity in New Zealand organisations.

Employee turnover can cost an organization a significant amount of money. In addition, retention of employees can beneficial towards to an organization as it e.g. allows to save costs related torecruitment and training of new employees. The fast food industry is recognized as an industry which employs low-skilled employees and is especially in the United States known to be prone to high employee turnover. With regards to Europe, only little information is available in the field of low-skilled employee retention in the fast food industry. Looking towards the Netherlands, there has been no conducted research concerning this topic from a manager’s perspective allowing to identify the best HR practices to limit employee turnover in the organization. Our purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of the practices on employee retention of low-skilled employees in the Dutch fast food industry. To be able to meet this purpose, the following research question was developed “How do managers address retention of low-skilled employees in the Dutch fast food industry?” To be able to answer this research question, a multiple case study was conducted to study several franchises of the Dutch fast food organization “Verhage fast food”. We chose to conduct a qualitative study by developing semi-structured interviews. The empirical material was collected by interviewing an HR manager and the CEO of Verhage to develop an overview of the organization. Furthermore, we conducted five interviews with franchisees of Verhage. These franchisees were chosen based on four criteria being location, variety in experience, amount of employees, and amount of franchises owned. These four criteria ensured that the chosen franchisees in our study are active in different environmental settings. These interviews were conducted with the aim to find out how these franchisees perceive low-skilled employee retention and to identify how these franchisees address retention through the implementation of HR practices. Our study provided a contribution that shows the most effective HR practices in the fields of recruitment and selection, training and development, career development, and recognition and rewards are depending on the situational factors. Whereas one franchisee needs to pay well above minimum wage to attract low-skilled employees, another franchisee can easily pay the employees minimum wages without the need to worry for job applicants. Another contribution based on the outcome of our study is that the provision of training and responsibilities besides being done to benefit the company in e.g. productivity it also results in more engaging employees with a higher intention to stay.

This research was designed to extend the unfolding model of voluntary turnover by examining the most commonly reported turnover decision path. Specifically, the purpose of the current investigation was to explore how employees evaluate negative workplace events--coined "shocks"--and the effects of such events on turnover intention. Participants, 204 Registered Nurses currently employed by a hospital, were asked to report on a negative work event. Only satisfaction with the organization's response to the event affected justice perceptions regarding the shock event. Events perceived as unjust or unfair were negatively related to perceived compatibility with the organization, which in turn predicted turnover intention. Job embeddedness also influenced perceived compatibility and intent to leave the organization. Characteristics of the shock events and suggestions to organizations to prevent avoidable, voluntary turnover are also presented.

Le but de ce mémoire est de comprendre l’influence de la satisfaction intrinsèque et de la satisfaction extrinsèque sur l’intention de quitter des travailleurs. Afin d’étudier ce sujet, nous avons formulé trois hypothèses basées sur la théorie des attentes et la théorie des deux facteurs d’Herzberg. La première hypothèse stipule que la satisfaction intrinsèque fait diminuer l’intention de quitter des travailleurs. La seconde hypothèse est formulée à l’effet que la satisfaction extrinsèque fait diminuer l’intention de quitter des travailleurs. La dernière hypothèse stipule que la satisfaction intrinsèque a une influence plus importante sur l’intention de quitter des travailleurs que la satisfaction extrinsèque. Les données utilisées afin de tester nos hypothèses de recherche ont été collectées dans le cadre d’une étude plus vaste portant sur « les liens entre la rémunération, la formation et le développement des compétences et l’attraction et la rétention d’employés clés ». L’entreprise au sein de laquelle les données ont été collectées est dans le domaine des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) à Montréal. Les employés interrogés sont les nouveaux employés embauchés par l’entreprise. Les résultats de notre mémoire confirment deux de nos hypothèses. Ainsi, nos résultats ont démontré que la satisfaction intrinsèque fait diminuer l’intention de quitter des travailleurs d’ici six mois, un an et deux ans. De plus, nos résultats ont démontré que la satisfaction intrinsèque a une influence plus importante sur l’intention de quitter que la satisfaction extrinsèque. Par contre, une de nos hypothèses est partiellement confirmée. En effet, nos résultats ont démontré que la satisfaction extrinsèque fait seulement diminuer l’intention de quitter d’ici un an et deux ans et n’a aucune influence significative sur l’intention de quitter d’ici six mois. Le soutien organisationnel perçu est une variable qui a également une forte influence sur l’intention de quitter des travailleurs. Pour terminer, la conclusion de ce mémoire présente en quoi nos résultats peuvent être utiles aux gestionnaires des ressources humaines et des relations industrielles. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction on workers’ intention to quit. In order to investigate this subject, we have formulated three hypotheses based on the theory of expectations and two-factor theory. The first hypothesis states that intrinsic satisfaction decreases worker’s intention to quit. The second hypothesis stipulates that extrinsic satisfaction decreases worker’s intention to quit. The last hypothesis states that intrinsic satisfaction has a stronger influence on worker’s intention to quit than extrinsic satisfaction. In order to test our hypotheses, we used data collected in a larger study on “ the links between compensation, training and skills development attracting and retaining key employees “. The data were collected in an organization in information technology and telecommunications sector located in Montreal. Newly hired employees were invited to answer the survey. The results of our study confirm two hypotheses. Indeed, our results indicate that intrinsic satisfaction decreases worker’s intention to quit within six months, one year and two years. Moreover, our results show that intrinsic satisfaction has more influence on intention to quit than extrinsic satisfaction. However, our results indicate that extrinsic satisfaction decreases only intention to quit within one year and two years and has no significant influence on intention to quit within six months. Perceived organizational support also has an important influence on worker’s intention to quit. Finally, the conclusion of this study presents how our results can be interesting for human resources and industrial relations managers.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research reports on the phenomenon of preventable staff loss (human capital) in a South-African government department. The research covered an analysis of biographical, occupational types and duration of job tenure data of 500 former employees who resigned over a ten-year period. Of these employees, 72 participated in a quantitative survey designed to test opinions around aspects such as career management, retention efforts and the resignation decision. Another 9 participated in telephone interviews. The evolution of organizational theory over the last few centuries and the recent emergence of organizational systems theory are used as basis for, on the one hand, describing government departments in general as the type of organization under discussion and on the other to identify themes that point to possible avenues for diagnosis of the phenomenon. Recent trends and technological developments leading to increasing scarcity and fluidity of the labour market are highlighted against the growing importance of the value of human capital and institutional knowledge as key components of achieving organizational goals. The effects of South-African political developments after 1990 on talent management in general, and enterprise systems in particular, are covered. The optimal implementation of talent management (as a component of organization-wide knowledge management strategies) is proposed as a possible solution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing doen verslag oor die verskynsel van voorkombare personeelverlies (Menslike kapitaal) in ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse staatsdepartement. Die navorsing sluit ‘n analise van biografiese, beroepstipe en lengte van diens van 500 voormalige werknemers wat oor ‘n tien jaar periode bedank het, in. Van hierdie werknemers het 72 deelgeneem aan ‘n kwantitatiewe vraelys wat ontwerp is om opinies rondom aspekte soos loopbaanbeplanning, pogings om personeel te behou, en die bedankingsbesluit te toets. ‘n Verdere nege het deelgeneem aan telefoniese onderhoude. Die evolusie van organisasieteorie oor die afgelope paar eeue en die onlange opkoms van organisatoriese sisteemteorie is as basis gebruik om eendersyds staatsdepartemente as organisasietipe in die algemeen te bespreek en andersyds sekere temas te identifiseer wat rigtinggewend kan wees in pogings tot diagnose en verdere ondersoek van die verskynsel. Onlangse neigings en tegnologiese ontwikkelinge wat lei tot toenemende vloeibaarheid en skaarsheid in die arbeidsmark word beklemtoon teen die groeiende belangrikheid van die waarde van menslike kapitaal en institutionele kennis as sleutelkonsepte in die bereiking van organisatoriese doelwitte. Die gevolge van Suid-Afrikaanse politieke ontwikkelinge na 1990 op die bestuur van talent oor die algemeen, asook die benutting van ondernemingstelsels (enterprise systems) in die besonder, word aangespreek. Die optimale implementering van talentbestuur as onderafdeling van organisasie-wye strategieë vir kennisbestuur word voorgehou as ‘n moontlike oplossing.

Telekombranschen är präglad av ett stressigt arbetsklimat och hög personalomsättning. Personalomsättningen bidrar inte bara till höga ekonomiska personalkostnader, utan också till låg arbetsmoral och engagemang hos de anställda. Vi fann det därav intressant att undersöka hur medarbetarna på ett telekomföretag upplever ledarskapet i organisationen. Vidare syftade studien till att undersöka de krav, kontroll och stöd medarbetarna upplever samt hur medarbetarna på telekomföretaget förhåller sig till personalomsättningen. Studien är av empirisk karaktär och den metodologiska utgångspunkten var att göra en kvalitativ studie med abduktiv ansats. Den använda datainsamlingsmetoden var semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att medarbetarna på telekomföretaget upplever och identifierar flera olika typer av ledarskap, varav den demokratiska ledarskapsstilen mest uppskattad. Att inkludera, stötta och visa empati är tre centrala egenskaper som eftersöks av medarbetarna. Vidare upplever respondenterna att arbetet karaktäriseras av höga krav, låg kontroll samt lågt socialt stöd från chefer och organisation. / The telecom industry is characterized by a stressful work environment and high employee turnover. High employee turnover does not only contribute to high economic costs, but also to a low level of work ethic among employees. Therefore, we found it interesting to investigate how the employees of a telecom company experience leadership in the organization. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate how the employees experience the demands, control and social support at their workplace and how they relate to the company's employee turnover. The study is of empirical nature and the methodological starting point was to make a qualitative study with an abductive approach. The data collection method used was semi structured interviews. The results show that the employees experience several different types of leadership, of which the democratic leadership style is the most appreciated. Including, supporting and showing empathy are three key qualities demanded by employees. Furthermore, the employees experience that the work is characterized by high demands, low control and low social support from managers and organizations.