Developments in cutting tools, coolants, drives, controls, tool changers, pallet changers and the philosophy of machine tool design have made ground breaking changes in machine tools and machining processes. Modern Machining Centres have been developed to perform several operations on several faces of a workpiece in a single setup. On the other hand industry requires high value added components, which have many quality critical features to be manufactured in an outsourcing environment as opposed to the traditional in-house manufacture. The success of this manufacture critically depends on matching the advanced features of the machine tools to the complexity of the component. This project has developed a methodology to represent the features of a machine tool in the form of an alphanumeric string and the features of the component in another string. The strings are then matched to choose the most suitable and economical Machine Tool for the component’s manufacture. Literature identified that block structure is the way to answer the question ‘how to systematically describe the layout of such a machining centre’. Incomplete attempts to describe a block structure as alphanumeric strings were also presented in the literature. Survey on sales literature from several machine tool suppliers was investigated to systematically identify the features need by the user for the choice of a machine tool. Combining these, a new alphanumeric string was developed to represent machine tools. Using these strings as one of the ‘key’s for sorting a database of machine tools was developed. A supporting database of machine tools was also developed. Survey on machining on the other hand identified, that machining features can be used as a basis for planning the machining of a component. It analysed various features and feature sets proposed and provided and their recognition in CAD models. Though a vast number of features were described only two sets were complete sets. The project was started with one of them, (the other was carrying too many unwanted details for the task of this project) machining features supported by ‘Expert Machinist’ software. But when it became unavailable a ‘Feature set’ along those lines were defined and used in the generation of an alphanumeric string to represent the work. Comparing the two strings led the choice of suitable machines from the database. The methodology is implemented as a bolt on software incorporated within Pro/Engineer software where one can model any given component using cut features (mimicking machining operation) and produce a list of machine tools having features for the machining of that component. This will enable outsourcing companies to identify those Precision Engineers who have the machine tools with the matching apabilities. Supporting software and databases were developed using Access Database, Visual Basic and C with Pro/TOOLKIT functions. The resulting software suite was tested on several case studies and found to be effective.

Although BIM today is a well-known practice, there are shortcomings, mainly within interoperability and communication. It is relevant to seek solutions through new work methods and not just through new technical solutions. There are difficulties in implementing new work methods, as the industry is known to be routine based.  The aim of the study is to clarify the need for increased efficiency in the design process in terms of model calculations, to investigate the possibilities for an improved work method for construction engineers.  To reach the goal, the data collection methods interview and literature study have been chosen. This have been chosen, in order to portray the reality of the business community as well as current research within the chosen problem area.  The study has generated factors, such as: a more frequent information exchange reduces the risk of information loss. Using standardised details as support for reporting provides the ability to mediate preservation of collective experience.  Interoperability can reduce double modelling (which today is a time-consuming part of the workflow). Using the model in more parts of the process as the model has great potential for this since it contains a lot of information. These factors can contribute to increased efficiency of the construction process in terms of model calculations.  The size of the company is not the only thing that factors in when dividing work load. Clear dialogue between disciplines can create better conditions at the start of projects. By connecting more of the design details to the model it can be used in several stages, such as in the inspection phase. For the development of the preservation of experience, a library of construction details for support in design is recommended. Another recommendation is to start the collaboration between the construction engineer and the architect at an earlier stage, to facilitate their work processes.  The results of the study are nationally applicable. The factors relating to efficiency in cost, time and quality have only been studied briefly. The interview methodology applied to the study limits the generalizability when interpretation of opinions is carried out. / Även om BIM idag är en välkänd arbetsmetod så finns det brister, främst inom interoperabilitet och kommunikation. Det är därför relevant att söka lösningar genom nya arbetsmetoder och inte enbart genom tekniska lösningar. Det finns en svårighet att implementera nya arbetsmetoder då branschen är känd för att vara rutinbaserad.  Målet med studien är att klarlägga behoven för en ökad effektivitet i konstruktionsprocessen när det gäller beräkning av modell, för att utreda möjligheterna till en förbättrad arbetsmetod för konstruktörer.  För att uppnå målet, har datainsamlingsmetoderna intervju och litteraturstudie valts. Detta för att ge en förankring till näringslivet samt aktuell forskning inom det valda problemområdet.  Studien har genererat följande faktorer. Att ha ett tätare informationsutbyte minskar risken för informationsförlust. Att använda standardiserade typdetaljer som stöd vid redovisning ger möjlighet att förmedla och erfarenhetsåterföra information.  Interoperabilitet kan minska dubbelmodellering (som idag är en tidskrävande del av arbetsgången). Att kunna nyttja modellen under fler steg i processen då modellen innehåller mycket information och därför har stor potential för detta. Ovan nämnda faktorer kan bidra till ökad effektivitet inom konstruktionsprocessen när det gäller beräkning av modell.  Uppdelning av arbetet beror inte enbart på företagets storlek. Tydlig dialog mellan discipliner kan skapa bättre förutsättningar vid uppstart av projekt. Genom att koppla mer av konstruktionens information till modellen skulle den kunna nyttjas vid fler delmoment, exempelvis vid granskning. För utveckling av erfarenhetsåterföring rekommenderas ett typdetaljsbibliotek för stöd i projektering. En annan rekommendation är att tidigare ha ett samarbete mellan konstruktör och arkitekt för att underlätta bådas arbetsprocess.  Studiens resultat är nationellt applicerbart. Det har inte gjorts några fördjupningar inom faktorer gällande effektivitet inom kostnad, tid och kvalitet. Intervjumetodiken som tillämpats för studien begränsar generaliserbarheten, då tolkning av åsikter utförts.

While conventional turbines have been extensively researched and tested, Tesla and boundary layer type turbines have not. In order to construct a dynamometer, thermodynamic flow apparatus and future turbines, we modeled the Tesla turbine using theoretical calculations and preliminary experiments. Thus a series of experiments were run to determine stall torque and maximum run speed for a known pressure range. This data was then applied to modeling formulas to estimate stall torque over an extended range of variables. The data were then used to design an appropriate dynamometer and airflow experiment. The model data also served to estimate various specifications and power output of the future turbine. An Obi Laser SSTG‐001 Tesla turbine was used in the experiments described. Experimental stall torque measurements were conducted in two stages. Shaft speed measurements were taken with an optical laser tachometer and Tesla turbine stall torque was measured using a spring force gauge. Two methods were chosen to model Tesla turbine stall torque: 1) flow over flat plate and 2) free vortex with a sink. A functional dynamometer and thermodynamic apparatus were constructed once the model was confirmed to be within the experimental uncertainty. Results of the experiments show that the experimental turbine at 65 PSI has a speed of approximately 27,000 RPM and a measured stall torque of 0.1279 N‐m. 65 PSI is an important data point because that data set is the cut‐off from laminar to turbulent flow. Thus at 65 PSI, a rejection of the null hypothesis for research question one with respect to the flow over flat plate method can be seen from the data, while the vortex model results in a failure to reject the null hypothesis. In conclusion, the experimental turbine was seen to have a laminar and a turbulent flow regime at different air pressures, rather than the assumed laminar flow regime. As a result of this model work, a new Tesla turbine of different dimensions was designed to adjust for flaws in the experimental turbine. The theoretical stall torque models were then applied to the new Tesla turbine design. Results of the models show that the vortex model sets the upper bound for theoretical stall torque for the new and the flat plate flow model sets the lower bound.

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo general realizar una propuesta técnico-económica del diseño hidráulico de una bocatoma para beneficio de las comunidades San Pedro y Santa Cruz pertenecientes a la región Ayacucho, estas comunidades no cuentan con infraestructura adecuada que les permita mejorar su sistema de riego y aprovechar de manera eficiente su potencial agrícola y la utilización de sus recursos humanos. La investigación realiza un estudio hidrológico para determinar las necesidades hídricas para agricultura, se generó los caudales medios mensuales del río San Pedro mediante el modelo de Luzt Scholz para determinar la oferta hídrica y finalmente se hizo el análisis de máximas avenidas, utilizando información proporcionada por el SENAMHI, ANA y otras instituciones relacionadas. Se presenta un diseño hidráulico de la bocatoma y de sus componentes más importantes, así como su presupuesto mediante metrados y análisis de precios unitarios. Finalmente se presenta el estudio económico de rentabilidad para determinar si el proyecto es viable. La investigación concluye que la implementación de proyectos como la bocatoma San Pedro permite mejorar no solo el sistema productivo agrícola de las comunidades si no también produce beneficios económicos a sus comuneros. / The present investigation has for general objective to realize a technical economic proposal of the hydraulic design of an intake for the benefit of the San Pedro and Santa Cruz communities belonging to the Ayacucho region, these communities do not have adequate infrastructure that allows them to improve their irrigation system and to efficiently use its agricultural potential and the use of its human resources. The research carried out a hydrological study to determine the water needs for agriculture, the average flows of the San Pedro River were generated by the Luzt Scholz model to determine the water supply and finally the analysis of maximum floods was made, using information provided by the SENAMHI, ANA and other related institutions. It presents a hydraulic design of the intake and its most important components, as well as its budget by means of measurements and unit price analysis. Finally, the economic profitability study is presented to determine if the project is viable. The research concludes that the implementation of projects such as the San Pedro intake allows to improve not only the agricultural production system of the communities but also to produce economic benefits to their community members. / Tesis

En el presente proyecto de la bebida Mood-On, que está hecha a base de papas y frutos exóticos, se muestra su sostenibilidad a través de los distintos análisis realizados en Lima Metropolitana. Asimismo, este producto va dirigido hacia los sectores socioeconómicos A, B, C y que se encuentren en el rango de edad de 18 a 24 años. Del mismo modo, podemos indicar que, si bien hay una presencia consistente de bebidas RTD en el mercado peruano, los consumidores no se identifican con los productos ya establecidos. Por consiguiente, podemos mencionar que el mercado limeño tiene una necesidad que no ha sido satisfecha; ya sea por falta de sabores u otro factor clave. En adición a esto, para la realización del trabajo, se desarrollaron entrevistas a los usuarios para ratificar el nivel de aceptación del producto, a su vez, se hizo contacto con las licorerías a través de medios tradicionales y no tradicionales para la estimación de las ventas. Asimismo, se contactó con un ingeniero de alimentos para la elaboración de la receta, puesto que se ha tenido que considerar diferentes aspectos con respecto a la bebida RTD. Finalmente, se ha requerido para la inversión un total de S/27,261.72 para que se puedan iniciar las actividades de producción y la utilidad neta que se generará en el primer año es de39,186.95 nuevos soles, 60,913.85 nuevos soles en el segundo año y para el tercer año ascendería a 613,802.47 nuevos soles. / In the present project of the Mood-On drink, which is made from potatoes and exotic fruits, its sustainability is shown through the different analyzes carried out in Metropolitan Lima. Likewise, this product is aimed at socioeconomic sectors A, B, C, and that are in the age range of 18 to 24 years. Similarly, we can indicate that although there is a consistent presence of RTD beverages in the Peruvian market, consumers do not identify with the already established products. Therefore, we can mention that the Lima market has a need that has not been met; either for lack of flavors or another key factor. In addition to this, to carry out the work, interviews were carried out with users to ratify the level of acceptance of the product, in turn, contact was made with the liquor stores through traditional and non-traditional means for estimating sales. Likewise, a food engineer was contracted to prepare the recipe, since different aspects of the RTD drink had to be considered. Finally, a total of S /. 27,261.72 so that production activities can begin and the net profit that will be generated in the first year is –S/39,186.95, S/60,913.85 in the second year and for the third year it would amount to S/613,802.47 / Trabajo de investigación

Diploma thesis is focused on a design of the road bridge in Roztoky municipality. The bridge spans Berounka river. The design is processed in three options and the selected option was developed in greater detail. The layout of bridge is designed as a girder box with haunch. The bridge will be built by a cantilever erection method. Structural analysis of the bridge regards the influences of construction by TDA method. The structure is assessed for temporary and permanent states. The assessment of the structure was made according to EC.

Diploma thesis deals with calculation and design study of air-cooled Wankel engine and simple mechanical stress of its main parts.

The vehicle body was measured by using ATOS 3D scanner. Measured data from the ATOS 3D scanner were applied to make a 3D model of vehicle body and to make a 3D model of whole vehicle by using computer program Pro/ENGINEER. The model of vehicle was made with a view for future use of CAD model. Surface of the vehicle model was used for computation of vehicle aerodynamics – aerodynamic static pressure distribution by using CFD software Star-CCM+.

The aim of this thesis is to propose a basic conception of passenger car chassis part with pneumatic drive (next only pneumobil). The pneumobil was designed mainly from BoschRexroth serial parts. The layout of this vehicle was arranged as dual-track with pneumatic drives with O 80 mm bore and stroke 125 mm. These engines are placed crossways top-down. Next I provided stress-strain analysis of rear bottom vehicle part, where act forces from rear wheels and pneumatic motor. The crucial task of this thesis is to design the chassis frame, choose suitable material and pneumatic motor for most effective usage of compressed air. The final goal is to propose an ideal gear ratio.

There is an increasing demand for engineering talent from a growing and developing global population. Engineers are in demand because they have instigated technological developments that have contributed to the creation of our modern society. Talented engineers are needed to devise solutions for modern day technological challenges such as new sustainable energy resources, more efficient use of materials and the recovery of materials from waste. These professionals play a pivotal role in developing countries in particular. While there is a growing need for multi-talented engineers, the number of young engineers entering the market is decreasing. Moreover, many engineers are leaving the profession. Factors contributing to engineers leaving the technical environment include lack of adaptability skills, lack of continuing professional development opportunities, insufficient career paths, under-utilisation of engineers and under-qualified engineering staff (Du Toit & Roodt, 2009). Engineering graduates are generally well prepared with regards to engineering theory and fundamentals. However, due to the demands of engineering curricula, engineering students do not have much time to consider other factors that could influence their future lives and career direction (Millar, 2011). Engineering students often have an underdeveloped sense of personal knowledge and insight to enable them to commit to live certain decisions. According to Millar (2011) a career of purpose, fulfilment and financial success in engineering is gained by (1) knowing oneself and the fact that one is in charge of one’s life and future, (2) being aware that soft skills (communication skills, leadership skills, capacity to work in teams and to plan ahead) are needed to support technical skills, and (3) that every person is a salesman of him/herself and his or her product. The purpose of my study is to develop the sense of self of a young engineer to enable him to manage his future career path effectively and meaningfully. Research questions that will be explored are the essential aspects of a narrative approach, including what the sense of self of a young engineer entails and the possible influence of a narrative approach on the sense of self of a young engineer. A case study design is utilised. The focus will be on narrative techniques to develop the sense of self of a young engineering graduate in a new working environment. A multiple method approach will be implemented to collect and analyse data. Priority will be given to qualitative approaches (in other words, a QUALITATIVE-quantitative approach will be used). The following standardised questionnaires will be utilised: Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) (Briggs and Briggs Myers, 1994), Self-Directed Search (SDS) (Gevers, Du Toit & Harilall, 1995), Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) (Bar-On, 2004), as well as the Career Adapt-Adaptabilities Inventory (CAAS) (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012). Qualitative methods that will be used are: Career-genogram, Collage, Career Interest Profile (CIP) (Maree, 2010), Life Chapters (Cochran, 1997), Career Construction Interview (CCI) (Hartung, 2011), informal interviews and reflective feedback notes. Inductive data analysis will be used to analyse and interpret the data. I hope to make recommendations that will enhance the sense of self of an engineering student who seeks the advice of a career counsellor. Ultimately, my aim is to contribute meaningfully to this client’s decision-making career, self-construction and life designing. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Educational Psychology / unrestricted