<p>There has been a lot of comment and reaction to the presence of immigrants in South Africa, and most of it has been very negative. In light of the negative reaction, one can ask whether immigrants do in fact add any value to the well being of the host countries, given their education, experience and high involvement in small businesses. Several studies have noted that the relatively highr level of education and skills of migrants is at the same level as those of the host populations. This research is aimed at contributing to the debate of the perception that immigrants are taking up jobs that are supposed to belong to South Africans.</p>

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The creation of a new business venture is a multidimensional event, but little research has addressed the interaction of entrepreneurial characteristics and their relationship to new venture creation. The purpose of this study was to propose a conceptual framework for systematically studying the entrepreneurial personality. The major components of the proposed framework were attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, the three antecedents of behavior, and demographic indicators. A stratified random sample of 20 subjects, 15 males and five females, was identified for this study from a population of 120 Oregon agriculture exporters. The study had an important limitation: the population consisted only of agriculture export entrepreneurs. The data were gathered in two ways: an interview and a survey questionnaire. Based on the findings, a conceptual framework was proposed. The framework consisted of three antecedents of behavior: attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and the subjective norm. These antecedents were influenced by selected demographic variables. Prominent factors were need for achievement, long-term involvement, risk taking (moderate), internal locus of control, sex (gender), and family background. Additional variables deserving further study are: innovation, drive and energy, persistent problem solving, age, birth order, educational history, and previous experience. The entrepreneurial behavior model developed from the conceptual framework was supported by the results of the study. / Graduation date: 1992

While many significant studies have been made of small firms from economic, business and sociological perspectives, the bulk of the work to date has concentrated upon the male-owned enterprise. The role of women as owner/managers and employers has been largely neglected as an area of serious academic study despite the fact that greater numbers of women are now choosing self-employment. L'article abordera tout d'abord les rapports conceptuels qui existent entre Ie sexe des étudiants et les études entreprises en vue d'un emploi, puis il traitera, dans cette même perspective, de certains aspects significatifs que les chercheurs ont noté parmi les femmes établies à leur compte et enfin il identifiera les points qui devront être sujets d'étude à l'avenir. / This paper was prepared with the support of the Scottish Enterprise Foundation's M. Sc. in Entrepreneurial Studies program, and the Foundation's Research division.

Background: Organizations’ ability to recognize opportunities can provide competitive advantage for organizations in changing environment. In innovation-driven countries many en-trepreneurial people are working as employees in established companies and pursuing opportunities as corporate entrepreneurs. This is a group which researchers have dis-criminated by focusing only on CEO’s and entrepreneur’s opportunity identification capability. We would like to research the topic of employees’ opportunity recognition (OpR) and to find a link with their attitudes towards entrepreneurship, something that so far was not completely investigated in the literature. Purpose: The aim of the master thesis is to examine the relationship between the employee’s atti-tudes towards entrepreneurship and their implication on their ability to recognize opportu-nities – a step before developing innovation or uniqueness, resulting in creation of compet-itive advantage to the company, presumably leading to company growth. This paper in-tends to fill the gap in the literature regarding one of the dimensions of the factors leading to company growth and analyses a different business stakeholder group – namely employees in medium-sized companies. From business perspective, it might help company leaders understand the need of encouraging entrepreneurial initiatives and encourage them with some practical suggestions. The research question is: does employees’ attitude towards en-trepreneurship affect their opportunity recognition. Method: We have chosen deductive and explanatory approach for our research because we study causal relationship between attitudes towards entrepreneurship and OpR. The primary data was collected by a self-administered electronic questionnaire. The num-ber of received responses is 53, mainly from manufacturing and service industries. Conclusion: Employees’ positive attitude towards entrepreneurship increases their opportunity identification capability.

Abstract Entrepreneurship not only is an attractive dream of today's youth, but also a main activity which organizational, economic and social community survives from. Consequently, it has been highly attentive by manageial scholars in recent decades, and triggered off a number of related research and discussion. However, mentality of entrepreneur is not very easy to investigated by research, and entrepreneurial spirit is difficult to discover. Research about entrepreneurship is on the horns of a dilemma when theoretical paradigm is still lack, for the purpose of understanding the current situation and problems of entrepreneurship and also exploring the development of entrepreneurial mentality. In a related study of psychology, early scholars focused on exploring "what kind of people will become entrepreneurs?" which called the personality traits of the entrepreneur. For example, entrepreneur with high-risk tendency, high-need for achievement and high-degree internal control characteristics. But in decades, researches have been still unable to empirically confirm what kind of significant impact the behavior of entrepreneur could be influenced by personality traits of entrepreneur (Baron¡A 1998; Mitchell¡A Busenitz¡A Lant¡A McDoufall¡AMorse¡A Smith¡A 2002)¡CTherefore, this study is to classify the development of entrepreneurial mentality, and to explore the Q organization of the L general manager with dreams achieved his vision. Throughout entrepreneur makes a self-narrative about the entrepreneurial process, our study is to explore the entirety and development of entrepreneurship, and to analyze and interpret from his entering and selecting occupation to investing business in the recallable and narrative history. This research discovers the entrepreneurial process has happened lots of transition from school teacher to real estate salesman to manager to investor, and from taking over the business of real estate to building the new human resources organization, and from multiple independent business to the whole organization, and observes about entrepreneurial mobility, managerial decision-making and the establishment of new business and business integration during the development. From these stories, better understanding about the creating whole process of the entrepreneur is to make several important implications. First, self-ability, interest and clearly strongly actions. Second, adaptability and decision-making capacity. Third, persistence and explicit beliefs. Fourth, from gratified myself to gratified talent and building up the core team Key words: Entrepreneurship¡BIntegrity¡Bnarrative inquiry

More and more women choose to start their own microbusinesses and have obtained significant achievements. But what are the key factors to run a lucrative microbusiness? It is an issue worthy of researching. Therefore, I try to find some common features of those women who run a microbusiness, for example, the motivation of the entrepreneur, the standard of choosing a profitable microbusiness, the business model of earning profit and how to overcome difficulties. By studying this interesting issue, I have finalized five characteristics of successful female microbusiness entrepreneurs: 1. They are successful in business with which they are highly familiar or interested. Most of them even had part-time jobs in same kind of business. 2. Almost all of them raise all the entrepreneur capital on their own. This means that they must take all the risk. 3. They all have their own unique business model. They know clearly from which they can gain returns, and what the niche of the business is. 4. All of them take finance seriously, including daily cash flows, the situation of daily and monthly income. 5. They strive to pursue the balance of work and life quality. In the past, most of them worked so hard that they ignore their own health condition. When it became a serious problem, they realized that achievement is nothing without a healthy body.