Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).

Electronic Product Code (EPC) refers to a numbering standard developed to uniquely identify physical objects, loads, locations, assets and other entities which are to be tracked or otherwise identified. The tracking technology consists of assigning Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, holding universally unique EPC codes, to the entities to be identified. While the EPC-RFID technology is used to identify and capture data about the physical objects to be tracked in a supply chain, the EPCglobal Network ensures the exchange of the captured data between supply chain stakeholders. Such a real-time data exchange increases visibility and efficiency throughout the supply chain, and thus it increases both company profitability and customer satisfaction. The EPCglobal Network can be regarded as the backbone for the future Internet of Things (IoT). We focus our work in this thesis on Discovery Services (DS); a suite of network lookup services enabling users to retrieve all relevant information sources with regards to a given EPC. They can be viewed as search engines for the future business infrastructure deployed in the IoT. Motivated by the unprecedented and incessantly growing amount of EPC data, the expected epidemic growth in the solicitation frequency of the lookup service, and also the foreseen exceptionally large flow of highly sensitive EPC information, we focus on proposing solutions to problems pertaining to two main challenges; architecture design of Discovery Services and their security. On the architecture design level, we propose novel DS architectures with focus directed towards meeting four major requirements; network scalability, query responsiveness, service extensibility and acceptance. On the security level, we propose probabilistic security schemes aiming at securing even further Discovery Services in the IoT in general, and in the EPCglobal network in particular.

Apresenta-se o resultado de uma pesquisa destinada a propor um serviço para a resolução e descoberta de informações sobre objetos. Neste contexto, entendem-se como objetos os itens de uma cadeia produtiva e, como prováveis clientes do serviço proposto, sistemas de informação destinados ao gerenciamento de logística junto às cadeias produtivas e/ou à manutenção de dados sobre a rastreabilidade das cadeias. Encontram-se no mercado diversos sistemas de informação com estas características. A conveniência da troca de informações diretas entre os membros das cadeias produtivas, motiva diversos pesquisadores a propor a criação de padrões de dados. Uma das propostas mais relevantes, apresentada pela entidade internacional GS1, envolve a especificação de uma arquitetura para estes sistemas, bem como um vocabulário de dados padronizado, a Rede EPCglobal®. A utilização da tecnologia RFID permite a obtenção automática de dados, quando da passagem dos itens por leitores RFID instalados ao longo da cadeia produtiva. A utilização de um código padronizado, denominado Electronic Product CodeTM (EPC) na gravação das etiquetas RFID é outra vantagem desta tecnologia. Uma das funcionalidades essenciais deste sistema consiste na possibilidade de obtenção de informações relativas a um determinado produto. Estas informações podem se encontrar não somente no produtor do item, mas em todos os membros da cadeia produtiva que tiveram acesso ao item. Esta funcionalidade é o único aspecto da rede EPCglobal® ainda não especificada pelo GS1. Por esta razão, diversos pesquisadores têm-se dedicado à elaboração de propostas. O resultado desta pesquisa é mais uma delas. A solução apresentada baseia-se no uso de redes peer-to-peer (P2P), mais especificamente do protocolo Kademlia, escolhido a partir da comparação entre os vários protocolos propostos na literatura, visando a uma melhor eficácia. A partir de uma simulação efetuada em software especialmente desenvolvido para esta finalidade, apresentam-se os detalhes da sugestão e os resultados obtidos com sua utilização. / This is the result of a survey intended to propose a resolution and discovery service of information about objects. In this context, objects are items of a production chain and, likely customers of the proposed service, are information systems intended for logistics management at the productive chains and/or maintenance of data on traceability of supply chains. This scenario fits perfectly to the paradigm of the Internet of Things, where objects of everyday use have active participation on the Internet. The convenience of direct exchange of information between the members and the supply chains motivates many researchers to propose the creation of data standards. One of the most relevant proposals, presented by the international organization GS1, involves the architecture specification for these systems, as well as a standard data vocabulary, the EPCglobal® Network. The use of RFID technology allows obtaining data, during the passage of items by RFID readers installed along the supply chain. The use of a standardized code in the recording of RFID tags, called the Electronic Product CodeTM (EPC), is another advantage of this technology. One of the essential features of this system is the possibility of obtaining information relating to an individual product. This information can be found not only in item producer, but also in all members of the supply chain that had access to the item. This functionality is the only aspect of EPCglobal® not yet specified by GS1. For this reason, several researchers have been working with new suggestions. The solution presented is another proposal based on the use of an implementation of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, using the Kademlia Protocol, chosen from the comparison between the several protocols proposed in the literature, aiming at a better effectiveness. From a simulation carried out in software specially developed for this purpose, we present the details of the suggestion and the results obtained with its use.

Apresenta-se o resultado de uma pesquisa destinada a propor um serviço para a resolução e descoberta de informações sobre objetos. Neste contexto, entendem-se como objetos os itens de uma cadeia produtiva e, como prováveis clientes do serviço proposto, sistemas de informação destinados ao gerenciamento de logística junto às cadeias produtivas e/ou à manutenção de dados sobre a rastreabilidade das cadeias. Encontram-se no mercado diversos sistemas de informação com estas características. A conveniência da troca de informações diretas entre os membros das cadeias produtivas, motiva diversos pesquisadores a propor a criação de padrões de dados. Uma das propostas mais relevantes, apresentada pela entidade internacional GS1, envolve a especificação de uma arquitetura para estes sistemas, bem como um vocabulário de dados padronizado, a Rede EPCglobal®. A utilização da tecnologia RFID permite a obtenção automática de dados, quando da passagem dos itens por leitores RFID instalados ao longo da cadeia produtiva. A utilização de um código padronizado, denominado Electronic Product CodeTM (EPC) na gravação das etiquetas RFID é outra vantagem desta tecnologia. Uma das funcionalidades essenciais deste sistema consiste na possibilidade de obtenção de informações relativas a um determinado produto. Estas informações podem se encontrar não somente no produtor do item, mas em todos os membros da cadeia produtiva que tiveram acesso ao item. Esta funcionalidade é o único aspecto da rede EPCglobal® ainda não especificada pelo GS1. Por esta razão, diversos pesquisadores têm-se dedicado à elaboração de propostas. O resultado desta pesquisa é mais uma delas. A solução apresentada baseia-se no uso de redes peer-to-peer (P2P), mais especificamente do protocolo Kademlia, escolhido a partir da comparação entre os vários protocolos propostos na literatura, visando a uma melhor eficácia. A partir de uma simulação efetuada em software especialmente desenvolvido para esta finalidade, apresentam-se os detalhes da sugestão e os resultados obtidos com sua utilização. / This is the result of a survey intended to propose a resolution and discovery service of information about objects. In this context, objects are items of a production chain and, likely customers of the proposed service, are information systems intended for logistics management at the productive chains and/or maintenance of data on traceability of supply chains. This scenario fits perfectly to the paradigm of the Internet of Things, where objects of everyday use have active participation on the Internet. The convenience of direct exchange of information between the members and the supply chains motivates many researchers to propose the creation of data standards. One of the most relevant proposals, presented by the international organization GS1, involves the architecture specification for these systems, as well as a standard data vocabulary, the EPCglobal® Network. The use of RFID technology allows obtaining data, during the passage of items by RFID readers installed along the supply chain. The use of a standardized code in the recording of RFID tags, called the Electronic Product CodeTM (EPC), is another advantage of this technology. One of the essential features of this system is the possibility of obtaining information relating to an individual product. This information can be found not only in item producer, but also in all members of the supply chain that had access to the item. This functionality is the only aspect of EPCglobal® not yet specified by GS1. For this reason, several researchers have been working with new suggestions. The solution presented is another proposal based on the use of an implementation of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, using the Kademlia Protocol, chosen from the comparison between the several protocols proposed in the literature, aiming at a better effectiveness. From a simulation carried out in software specially developed for this purpose, we present the details of the suggestion and the results obtained with its use.

- / -

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-15T19:38:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Miguel Gomes_.pdf: 2811232 bytes, checksum: 771d1fb5e5429c1093d60d2dfadb36e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T19:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Miguel Gomes_.pdf: 2811232 bytes, checksum: 771d1fb5e5429c1093d60d2dfadb36e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O universo digital vem crescendo a taxas expressivas nos últimos anos. Um dos principais responsáveis por esse aumento no volume de dados é a Internet das Coisas, que em uma definição simplista, consiste em identificar unicamente objetos de forma eletrônica, rastreá-los e armazenar suas informações para posterior utilização. Para lidar com tamanha carga de dados, são necessárias soluções a nível de software, hardware e arquitetura. Estudos realizados neste trabalho apontam que a arquitetura adotada atualmente apresenta limitações, principalmente no quesito escalabilidade. Como escalabilidade é uma característica fundamental para atender a demanda crescente de coleta, processamento e armazenamento de dados, este trabalho apresenta a arquitetura intitulada Eliot, com propostas para resolver justamente a escalabilidade além de oferecer elasticidade ao sistema. Para isso, está sendo proposto o uso de técnicas de bancos de dados distribuídos, processamento paralelo e nuvem computacional, além de reestruturação da arquitetura atual. Os resultados obtidos após a implantação e avaliação do Eliot em um ambiente de nuvem computacional comprovam a viabilidade, eficiência e confiabilidade dessa nova arquitetura proposta. Foi possível identificar melhora do desempenho através da redução nos tempos de resposta e aumento do volume de requisições processadas e trafegadas na rede além da redução nas falhas de conexão e de comunicação de dados. / The digital universe is growing at significant rates in recent years. One of the main responsible for this increase in the volume of data is the Internet of Things, which in a simplistic definition, is to uniquely identify objects electronically, track them and store their information for later use. To deal with such data load, solutions are needed at software, hardware and architecture levels. Studies conducted in this work show that the architecture adopted currently has limitations, specially regarding scalability. As scalability is a key feature to meet the growing demand for collection, processing and storage of data, this paper presents the architecture entitled Eliot, with proposals to precisely resolve the scalability and offers elasticity to the system. For this, is proposed the use of techniques of distributed databases, parallel processing and cloud computing, as well as restructuring of the current architecture. The results obtained after the implementation and evaluation of Eliot in a cloud computing environment demonstrate the feasibility, efficiency and reliability of this new proposed architecture. It was possible to improve performance by reducing response times and increased volume of requisitions processed and trafficked in the network, in addition to the reduction in connection failures and data communication.

This project deals with a survey of inventory system and accounting property. The purpose of the project is to study the SAP system, IS Apollo,  the database platform Oracle 10g, the RFID technology and to make a marketing research of a device for the chip EPCglobal UHF Gen2. On base marketing research propose and implement RFID inventory. At implementation target will be collective reading RFID tags. Further I will implement application simulating evidence systems and I will design data transmission to those application that will be also used at transmission data to the IS Apolla. I decided to implement the inventorying in the development environment Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Standard Edition C#. Application simulated accounting property and data transmission I decide to implement in the development environment Borland Delphi 7.