FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A âEra Tassoâ caracteriza um momento Ãmpar da histÃria polÃtica do Cearà e sua compreensÃo como fenÃmeno social abre tambÃm as possibilidades para se pensar o Brasil contemporÃneo. Este estudo busca captar a particularidade da polÃtica neste Estado federativo nas Ãltimas dÃcadas, considerando a âEra Tassoâ como um novo ciclo de hegemonia burguesa: particularidade histÃrica da polÃtica cearense inserida em um processo de carÃter nacional, antecipando a hegemonia neoliberal no Brasil. A partir de Gramsci toma-se este ciclo de hegemonia burguesa enquanto âcritÃrio metodolÃgicoâ para desvelar a realidade cearense das Ãltimas dÃcadas: um perÃodo experimental de modernizaÃÃo econÃmica e polÃtica de carÃter conservador que encarna uma Ãpoca histÃrica, a da convergÃncia contraditÃria do processo democrÃtico brasileiro dos anos 1980 com a inserÃÃo do paÃs na mundializaÃÃo do capital nas dÃcadas seguintes. A partir do resgate da teoria gramsciana da Hegemonia com as categorias de âhegemoniaâ, ârevoluÃÃo passivaâ, âtransformismoâ e âEstadoâ desenvolve-se uma reflexÃo sobre a polÃtica, privilegiando, de modo exclusivo, seus momentos de processos eleitorais, o que permite configurar a âEra Tassoâ como um ciclo de hegemonia polÃtico-cultural e econÃmica com extraordinÃria forÃa eleitoral. As alianÃas eleitorais, estabelecidas pela elite empresarial do CIC que suporta a âEra Tassoâ, sÃo, assim, o fio condutor desse estudo. AtravÃs de pesquisa documental e de jornais, apresentam-se as vÃrias campanhas eleitorais de todo o ciclo de hegemonia (1986, 1990, 1994 e 1998), captando a dinÃmica de constituiÃÃo das alianÃas, o perfil e o comportamento polÃtico-partidÃrio dos deputados aliados eleitorais da elite empresarial, bem como a forÃa resistente dos clÃs familiares na polÃtica cearense. Resta evidente o esforÃo da nova elite em se constituir como alternativa polÃtica tanto aos setores mais atrasados da polÃtica, como aos partidos e movimentos sociais de esquerda que lhes fizeram oposiÃÃo, consolidando sua forÃa no apoio, cada vez mais, dos setores oligÃrquicos com forte poder na tradiÃÃo polÃtica local. Para tanto, estabelece-se ainda um debate com autores clÃssicos, como Faoro (2001) e Leal (1997), e, ao mesmo tempo, com estudiosos contemporÃneos que tÃm analisado esse aspecto geral da realidade polÃtica brasileira. A âEra Tassoâ, enfim, aparece como um novo ciclo de hegemonia que se constituiu a partir de uma âtransiÃÃo pelo altoâ, renovando a polÃtica cearense, ao mesmo tempo em que restabeleceu diversos elementos da polÃtica tradicional: um novo ciclo hegemÃnico que possibilitou uma recomposiÃÃo de forÃas das classes dominantes em um momento de grande mobilizaÃÃo social. / The âTasso Eraâ shapes up a unique moment within the political history of the State of Ceara, and oneâs understanding of this social phenomenon will also help with an analysis of Brazil today. This work aims at grasping a particular political aspect in this federative state, encompassing late decades, and taking into account the âTasso Eraâ as a new cycle of bourgeois hegemony: a historical detailed aspect of politics in the state that anticipates the neoliberal hegemony in Brazil. Leaning on Gramsci, the author approaches that bourgeois hegemonic cycle, considering its âmethodological criterionâ, to uncover the actual situation in the state as seen in late decades: an experimental period of economic and political modernization, supported by politics of a conservative nature, that gives bodily form to a historical epoch, namely, a conflicting convergence within Brazilian democratic process in the 80âs leading to the countryâs insertion in the world of capital dominance seen in the following decades. Starting from a redefining of Gramsciâs theory of Hegemony and his categories of âhegemonyâ, âpassive revolutionâ, âtransformismâ and âStateâ, the author develops a reflection about politics highlighting, not in an exclusive way, its instances of political processes, which allows one to configure the âTasso Eraâ as a political, cultural and economic hegemonic cycle of major electoral force. Electoral alliances that were established by CICâs entrepreneurial elite and give support to the âTasso Eraâ are, therefore, the leading thread for this work. By means of research of documents and newspapers, the several electoral campaigns of the hegemonic cycle (1986, 1990, 1994 and 1998) are presented by the author, and the inner workings of alliances, the political-party behavior of representatives associated with the entrepreneurial elite and the resisting force of state political family groups were captured. It remains evident that the new elite is trying hard to present itself as a political option not only to backward sectors of the political spectrum but also to left-wing parties and social movements that once opposed it, thus consolidating its strength on growing supporting from oligarchic sectors that derive their power from local political tradition. The author analyses classical works, such as Faoro and Leal, as well as contemporary studies that have approached this general aspect of the political Brazilian reality. Therefore, the âTasso Eraâ presents itself as a new hegemonic cycle that shaped itself from a âchange from aboveâ and renewed the political process in the state of Ceara and at the same time reestablished several elements of traditional politics: a new hegemonic cycle that promoted a reshape of forces within the dominant classes at a time of huge social mobilization.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2015-05-27T12:46:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Lopes.pdf: 3894061 bytes, checksum: afd0bc3fb968ab7f52ddc262e87318ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T12:46:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Lopes.pdf: 3894061 bytes, checksum: afd0bc3fb968ab7f52ddc262e87318ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-15 / Researching the historical knowledge inside a traditional school, during a period marked by educational debate, can be useful in the understanding of São Paulo State¿s educational system, under the influence of both state and federal policies, and contribute to the formulation of synthesized proposals for new practices. This dissertation has its focus on the Ginásio de Santos (currently E.E. Canadá) for its importance in the city of Santos¿ society, since its creation in the first years of the Vargas Era (1934), until its equalization in 1945. Thereby, this study aims to help clarify the way in which the historical knowledge was consolidated in secondary school, in a time when this educational degree was reserved to a privileged few. The methodology employed was historical and documental, centered on government legislation, school archives and textbooks from the period. In addition to these documents, a memoir, oral history interviews and newspaper articles (from A Tribuna) were analyzed. As for the theoretical and methodological approach, some concepts of great importance to this research were those of life trajectory (Vavy Pacheco Borges); school culture (Escolano and ViñaoFrago);school shape (Vincent) and evidential paradigm (Ginzburg). The historical analysis of the school was based on the work of Novoa e Werle. From the information gathered it can be concluded that this historical knowledge was of great importance to the construction of a new civicpatriotic mentality. / Pesquisar sobre o conhecimento histórico dentro de uma instituição escolar tradicional e durante um período marcado por debates educacionais, pode auxiliar na compreensão do sistema de ensino paulista, que sofre influência das decisões estaduais e federais, mas também contribui com propostas sintetizadas em novas práticas. A dissertação estuda o Ginásio de Santos (atual E.E. Canadá) pela sua importância na sociedade santista, desde a sua criação, no início da Era Vargas (1934) até a sua equiparação em 1945. Dessa forma pretende-se contribuir para o esclarecimento de como o conhecimento histórico foi sendo consolidado no curso secundário, em uma época que esse grau de educação era reservado a poucos. A metodologia utilizada é a histórico-documental, onde são importantes a legislação governamental, o acervo da instituição e os livros didáticos. Completam a documentação livro de memória, entrevistas e reportagens do jornal A Tribuna. No aporte teórico-metodológico, foram importantes os conceitos de trajetória de vida (Vavy Pacheco Borges); de cultura escolar (Escolano e ViñaoFrago); sobre forma escolar (Vincent) e sobre paradigma indiciário (Ginzburg). Para a análise da história da instituição escolar, Novoa e Werle deram subsídios. Pode-se concluir que esse conhecimento histórico foi muito importante na construção de uma mentalidade cívicopatriótica.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_vo_me_mar.pdf: 256181 bytes, checksum: adeaa2b0e35ab0a13bd2880f0ed72aab (MD5) / Esta dissertação teve o propósito de analisar uma modalidade comportamental particular, construída durante as três últimas décadas do século XX e, que pode ser apreendida através do movimento Nova Era. A essa modalidade pode-se observar a construção subjetiva de mecanismos de respostas e de interpretação da realidade que resultam em atitudes e/ou numa ética comportamental capaz de traduzir os novos desafios que a realidade atual - denominada por alguns teóricos como sendo uma realidade pós-moderna - coloca para o indivíduo. Todavia, pode-se constatar que tais mecanismos de respostas, quando confrontados com o processo de alienação humana, tornam-se uma modalidade de resposta individual cujo potencial crítico fica ao nível superficial, reforçando um processo de privatização do indivíduo. / This dissertation had as the purpose of analyzing a modality peculiar comportamental, built during the last three decades of the century XX and that it can be apprehended through the movement New Era. For this modality it could be observed the subjective construction of mechanisms of answers and of interpretation of the reality that resulted in attitudes and or in an ethics comportamental capable to translate the new challenges that the current reality - denominated by some theoreticals as being a post-modern reality - it puts for the individual. Though, it can be verified that such mechanisms of answers, when confronted with the process of human alienation, they become a modality of individual answer which the critical potential is at the superficial level, reinforcing a process of the individualþs privatizations.

Le cancer du sein est un problème majeur de santé publique qui touche 1 femme sur 5. Quatre-vingt percent des cancers sont hormono-dépendants et son traités par hormonothérapies qui cible les oestrogènes ou le récepteur des oestrogènes (ERa) et inhibent leurs effets tumorigènes. En parallèle de la voie génomique des oestrogènes, il existe une voie non génomique dans laquelle ERa recrute Src et PI3K à la membrane, et active des cacades de phosphorylation comme Akt, qui aboutit à la survie et la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses. Notre équipe a montré que la méthylation de l’arginine 260 par les oestrogènes, est un prérequis à la formation du complexe non génomique régulant la prolifération cellulaire. En 2012, l’équipe a montré que la signalisation non génomique des oestrogènes est activée dans les tumeurs mammaires agressives, représentant de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. Le crosstalk entre les oestrogènes et les facteurs de croissance impliquant des phosphorylations a été largement décrit. C’est pourquoi nous avons cherché si la méthylation d’ERa sur l’arginine 260 pouvait être impliquée dans ce crosstalk. Parmi plusieurs facteurs de croissance, nous avons mis en évidence que IGF-1 était le seul facteur capable d’induire la méthylation d’ERa de façon oestrogéno-indépendante. En effet, comme pour les oestrogènes, IGF-1 induit une méthylation rapide et transitoire par l’arginine méthyltransférase 1 (PRMT1), et la formation du complexe ERa/Src/PI3K. En utilisant plusieurs approches, nous avons obtenu des résultats intéressants, montrant que PRMT1 probablement via la méthylation d’ERa, joue un rôle crucial dans la signalisation d’IGF-1. D’autre part, nous avons montré qu’IGF1 phosphoryle ERa au niveau de son domaine de liaison à l’ADN, modulant l’interaction son interaction avec IGF-1R. De plus, l’analyse d’une cohorte de 440 tumeurs mammaires a mis en évidence que l’expression d’IGF-1 est corrélée à l’activation de la voie non-génomique des oestrogènes, renforçant les résultats obtenus in vitro et ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques qui cibleraient les 2 voies de signalisation / Breast cancer is a major health problem currently affecting 1 out of 5 women. Seventy percent of breast cancers are hormone-dependent, and are treated by hormonal therapies targeting estrogen receptor and consequently the inhibition of its pro-tumorigenic effects. In parallel to the genomic estrogen signaling, non-genomic signaling has been described, where ERa recruits Src kinase and PI3K at the plasma membrane and thus activates downstream phosphorylation cascades like AKT, which in turn leads to survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Our team has found that estrogen-induced methylation of arginine 260 of ERa is a prerequisite for the formation of this non-genomic complex, regulating cell proliferation. In 2012, we have shown that this pathway is activated in aggressive breast tumors representing a new potential target for breast cancer therapy. Crosstalk between estrogen and growth factors signaling involving phosphorylation has been largely described. For this reason, we investigated if ERa R260 methylation could be involved in this crosstalk. Among several growth factors, we found that IGF-1 was the only one able to induce methylation of ERa in an estrogen-independent manner. Similarly to estrogen, IGF-1 induces a rapid and transient methylation of ERa by the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT1) concomitant with the formation of ERa/Src/PI3K complex. Using several approaches, we found significant results showing that PRMT1 probably via ERa methylation plays a crucial role in IGF-1 signaling. Interestingly, we have recently found also that receptor tyrosine kinase IGF-1R phosphorylates the DNA binding domain (DBD) of ERa that could modulate the latter downstream signaling. In line with these results, we found on TMAs of a cohort of 440 breast tumors that IGF-1 expression is correlated with ERa non-genomic signaling. These results report new insight into estrogen and IGF-1 interference, which open new perspectives of combining therapies targeting the two pathways

The major objective of this master thesis, is to describe the process of forming and development of the social groups connected with the concept of ritual pollution kegare in Japan at the turn of 16th century. The main questions are: In which direction did the development of these groups tend to go from the outset of the Japanese Middle Ages? Did the policies of the unifiers of Japan cause any disruptions to this development, and if so, what was the new direction? Was creation of the Edo outcaste order also motivated by an effort to restrict access to strategical commodities, or was it only a side effect of individual edicts and restrictions? To answer these questions I used two approaches. At first I diachronically described the development of groups connected with the concept of ritual pollution from the ancient times, and to this data I applied Mary Douglas's grid and group theory. Results of this show that during the time period in question development of groups of eta tanners was significantly accelerated, while the status of the non-persons groups of hinin was stagnating, or regressing. This thesis hopefully offers a brief insight into the overlooked aspects of Japanese history, and sheds some light on the reason for the discrimination of descendants of the burakumin group which in Japan...

The globally relevant, billion-dollar fashion industry has been regarded as one of the industries responsible for the greatest amount of pollution. The fast fashion industry thrives on production, often overproducing clothing at a rapid pace, according to quick trends that have fleeting lifespans. It can be said that this industry feeds the ‘throw-away culture’ seen at present, whereby consumption has increased tremendously, resulting in large amounts of clothing waste which has fulfilled its superficial purpose. Consumers purchase new trends, use it for a short period of time and thereafter dispose of the clothing items to make room for the next trend. Such a practice has negative implications for the environment, through the irresponsible manner in which waste by-products are disposed of during production of the clothing and through the mass disposal of clothing, which often ends up in landfills. There are also societal implications, whereby the fast fashion industry has been responsible for many unethical business practices that allow for poor working conditions and unfair treatment of the makers of the clothing. As a response to some of these concerns, slow fashion was born. Slow fashion intends to slow down the process of clothing production entirely and revisits the emphasis on quality over quantity, as it encourages the production and conscious consumption of clothing with longevity. As a result of the process of clothing production being slowed down, it has been suggested that the consumer would then be able to appreciate the production process in itself, as well as the clothing produced, resulting in a decreased desire to consume more, but rather to extend the lifespan of the clothing purchased. Slow fashion is synonymous with the slowing down of trends and the mindful consumption of clothing. Similarly, the voluntary simplicity movement (VSM), adopts the constructs of a life simplified, through the freeing of oneself from mental and emotional clutter, as well as material possessions. This lifestyle promotes simplicity of living and the appreciation of lived experiences instead of things, as a means to gain internal and external fulfilment. The VSM has therefore been used as the conceptual framework of this study, as both movements promote reduced consumption practices. This study was qualitative in nature and took the form of an exploratory research design, as it intended to gain information and understanding on a topic within an environment where there is limited information. Millennial slow fashion consumers made up the sampling group because millennial consumers are recognised as the most influential consumer group, with the greatest buying power, and are also most likely to adopt or support environmentally and ethically sound brands and businesses. Interviews were conducted with the participants to gain knowledge on the perceptions, attitudes and awareness of these consumers in relation to slow fashion consumption in the country. Attitude has been recognised as a motivator of behaviour and was investigated to analyse consumption behaviour, in the context of this study. The findings revealed that most participants recognised the fast fashion industry purely as a money-making scheme, which often employed reckless production practices and resulted in the consumption of clothing at a dangerous pace. They were aware of the damaging effects of the by-products of these production processes on the environment, as well as the negative social impacts as a result of unethical practices that have occurred. The participants recognised slow fashion as somewhat of an antithesis to fast fashion, whereby the focus is on quality clothing made to last a lifetime, which encompasses mindful consumption. The participants revealed that they were influenced by the aesthetic appeal of clothing as well as the convenience and ease of access in acquiring the clothing. Price sensitivity was also raised as a motivator for consumption; however, the resounding motivator was that of consumption out of necessity for the item, which is a valuable perspective for both slow fashion consumers and VSM adopters. Price sensitivity is a factor that cannot be ignored, considering South Africa is a country with an unequal dispersion of wealth and a high unemployment rate. As a result, it has been determined that slow fashion is only accessible to a certain niche market, in terms of the affordability of the items. The excessive imports of fast fashion clothing, which are often cheap and easily accessible, are said to be choking the local clothing and slow fashion industries alike. However, the most common response in terms of the hindrance of slow fashion in the country was notably a lack of information, education and awareness about slow fashion, its constructs and its availability in the country. The participants recognised slow fashion as relevant in the country, and that VI | P a g e South African consumers have the influence to make a change to the local clothing industry, if they supported local producers of slow fashion, ethical and sustainable clothing, instead of overconsuming cheap, trend-inspired, imported fast fashion clothing. As a result, the slow fashion designer was revealed as having a significant role to play, in ascertaining that such clothing is locally produced with sustainable, slow trend underpinnings. Further recommendations were expressed in the need for slow fashion designers to market their products and ethos well, and to educate and inform those around them, including their customers, about the philosophies behind and need for slow fashion. The upskilling of individuals from lower or no income households was also seen as a valuable tool to not only allow those individuals to lengthen the lifespan of their clothing by repairing it, but also to equip them with a skill that might lead to some form of employment, with the hope that the end result will be a rejuvenated local clothing and textile industry and a lowered unemployment rate. Conclusively, consumption levels could prospectively see a decrease, should the interest in slow fashion clothing increase among consumers. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M.A. (Consumer Science)

This study examines the interconnection between the ideas and political activities of Reinhard Hoehn during the Weimar and Nazi Eras. In particular, Hoehn's political writings, which are closely analyzed, indicate a continuing commitment to the ideals of the Conservative Revolution through his changes in political affiliations. It serves as a case study of the much debated relationship between the Conservative Revolution and Nazism.While developing as a radical right-wing Weimar intellectual, Hoehn joined a succession of Revolutionary Conservative Kampfbuende. His political writings and affiliations showed a commitment to the destruction of liberal conceptions in politics, sociology, and legal theory. His ultimate objective was the establishment of Volksgemeinschaft in Germany. When by 1931 his hopes for achieving these goals through the conservative Jungdeutche Orden ended, he began working for the SS.During the Third Reich, Hoehn eventually served as a legal advisor to Heinrich Himmler and as a head of Zentralabteilung II/2 of the Sicherheitsdienst (SS Security Service), which investigated "German Spheres of Life." He also wrote considerably during the Third Reich on both German law and international relations. His theories revealed a preoccupation with eliminating from law the concept of sovereignty and individualism as continuing vestiges of absolutism and liberalism. This belief led Hoehn to attempt to eliminate the 'individual personalities' of both the state and the Nazi Party. He thus deviated from Nazi ideologues and leaders on these significant matters, while he made compromises with the SS on issues of race and Himmler's political interests. However, an examination of Hoehn's writings and activities in Weimar and the Third Reich shows a dedication to an idealism that was in part distinct from Nazi orthodoxy, as well as a political realism in the sense that he knew his ideals were futile without the political backing of the SS.

A partir da quantificação e interpretação dos tipos de exercícios e estratégias existentes nas lições Start auf Deutsch e Café D, ambas do livro Studio D A1 (2008) e Europa: Politik und mehr, do livro Studio D B1 (2008), este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar se estas lições estão sedimentadas com base nos princípios pós-comunicativos, conforme descritos em Funk (2010). Após a quantificação dos tipos de exercícios destas lições, foram investigadas as estratégias didáticas presentes nas lições para verificar se as estratégias do material estão apoiadas nas estratégias da abordagem intercultural, conforme apresentadas em Roche (2001) e na pedagogia pós-método (KUMARAVADIVELU: 1994 e 2001), que fazem parte deste novo cenário póscomunicativo. Ambas tem princípios que podem ser relacionados à teoria sociocultural e interacionista. A pesquisa sobre a perspectiva pós-comunicativa possibilitou mudanças de parâmetros no ensino/aprendizagem de língua estrangeira na década de 90. Destes estudos surgiu o Quadro Comum Europeu de Referência para as Línguas Estrangeiras (QCERL) e no Brasil os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais- Línguas Estrangeiras (PCN-LE), ambos os parâmetros de ensino, europeu e brasileiro, propõem que a realidade do aluno e as trocas culturais sejam um meio de facilitação à autonomia de aprendizagem. O material didático escolhido para análise faz parte da realidade do QCERL, por isso, preocupou-se em analisar se estão presentes nestas lições os tipos de exercícios propostos por Rampillon (2000) e Häussermann & Piepho (1996). Também foram comparadas as estratégias didáticas do livro do professor com as estratégias de ensino aprendizagem discutidas em Bimmel & Rampillon (2001). Fez-se uma breve descrição do papel dos recursos midiáticos na era pós-comunicativa. Em síntese, com base nestes pressupostos, este trabalho investigou se nestas lições encontram-se subsídios para a aplicação dos tipos de exercícios, estratégias didático-pedagógicas póscomunicativas. / With the quantification and the interpretation of the exercises typologie and strategies of the lessons Start auf Deutsch and Café D, both of the book Studio D A1 and Europa: Politik und mehr, of the book Studio D B1, this work aims at investigation of this lessons in comparisons to the post-comunicative principles, as treated in Funk (2010). After this quantification, the teaching/learning strategies of this teaching material was investigated if these strategies follow the strategies of the intercultural aproach, as discussed in Roche (2001) and the strategies of the post-method pedagogy (KUMARAVADIVELU:1994, 2001), these are part of the post-comunicative era and have principles that are related to the sociocultural and interacionist theory. The research on the postcomunicative outlook culminated in the changing of the foreing languange teaching/learning parameters in the 90s, with this, arise the Common European Framework for Foreing Languages (CEFR) and in Brazil the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para as Línguas Estrangeiras (PCN-LE), both educational parameters, european and brazilian, propose that the reality of learners and cultural exchange are means of the autonomous learning facilitation. The chosen teaching book are part of this CEFR scenario, therefore, it itended to investigate if in these lesson are applied the exercise tipologies as proposed by Rampillon (2001) and Häusserman & Piepho (1996). Also was comparated the strategies of the teaching book with the learning/teaching strategies as proposed by Bimmel & Rampillon (2001). In this work was also discussed the role of the media ressources in the post-comunicative era. On the basis of all these assumption, this work investigated if in these lessons are included subsidies to the application of the exercise tipologie, strategies and principles of the post-comunicative era.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuella Silva dos Santos.pdf: 963837 bytes, checksum: ab8696038be19a3292bfc0e3c28e4a30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The progress of mankind has always depended on the creative capacity of man. In the beginning of civilization, knowledge was transmitted orally, from person to person, and occasionally was lost. Technology, regarded as new tools and gadgets, has allowed the democratization of knowledge. Thus, literary works experienced a huge revolution, with the invention of typography by Gutenberg; later, they faced the menace of photocopiers, and, now, audiobooks (spoken-word works) and eBooks (books available for download on the Internet) coexist with printed works. Songs have come from live sessions to LP, then to cassette tapes until they came to be listened to on CD and, nowadays, downloaded from the Internet in MP3 format. This growing technological evolution has provided the basis for the rise of a new society, the information society . We are living the revolution of computers, Internet, and mass media. We term this scene digital era , i.e., the society marked by the digital revolution and widespread information sharing, whose fundamental tools are the computer and the means of communication. In this scene, evidenced by the turning of atoms in bits, this study presents reflections on the impact of the Internet on copyrights. Through facts, technical data, and juridical aspects, we try to trace a panorama of our times, facing the main questions concerned with this theme coming from the premise that considering copyrights on the Internet is essential not only for their survival, but mainly for incentivating creators to create more and more, contributing for the growing development of our society / O progresso da humanidade sempre dependeu da capacidade inventiva do homem. Nos primórdios da civilização, o conhecimento era transmitido oralmente, de pessoa para pessoa, e por vezes se perdia. A tecnologia, compreendida como novas ferramentas e inventos, permitiu a democratização do conhecimento. Assim, as obras literárias viveram uma grande revolução, com a invenção da tipografia por Gutenberg; mais tarde, elas viram-se ameaçadas pela máquina de xerox, e, hoje, os audiobooks (obras narradas oralmente) e eBooks (livros disponíveis para download na Internet) convivem com as versões impressas. As músicas passaram do ao vivo para o LP, depois para o rádio, mais tarde para a fita cassete, até serem ouvidas em CD e, atualmente, baixadas via Internet no formato MP3. Essa crescente evolução tecnológica forneceu a base para o surgimento de uma nova sociedade, a sociedade da informação . Estamos vivendo a revolução dos computadores, da Internet e dos meios de comunicação de massa. Denominamos esse cenário era digital , isto é, a sociedade marcada pela revolução digital e pela disseminação da informação, cujas ferramentas fundamentais são o computador e os meios de comunicação. Nesse cenário, marcado pela transformação de átomos em bits, o presente estudo apresenta reflexões sobre o impacto da Internet nos direitos autorais. Por meio de fatos, dados técnicos e aspectos jurídicos, procuramos traçar um panorama da atualidade, enfrentando as principais questões que envolvem esse tema e partindo da premissa de que respeitar os direitos autorais na Internet é essencial não só para sua sobrevivência, mas principalmente para o incentivar os criadores a criarem cada vez mais, contribuindo para o crescente desenvolvimento de nossa sociedade