Mo Yan has become a well-known writer for his legendary style of novels within the past two decades. In 1988, the Chinese film, Red Sorghum, adapted from Mo Yan¡¦s novel, won the Golden Bear Prize in the 38th Berlin International Film Festival. Therefore, not only the film but also the original novel drew a lot of international attention. Mo Yan presents his charisma in multiple aspects of his novels due to his unique personal experience. First, he applied many colloquial materials as elements of folk literature in his novels. For instance, proverbs, legends, and ballads are commonly quoted in his writings. In addition, during his voluntary military service, he did have the experience to take part in composing a piece of Cat Tune, also known as Maoqiang, a local traditional Chinese Opera in Shandong Province. Second, Mo Yan has a spontaneous talent for story telling mainly passed down from his grandparents, the Chinese classic Zhanghuiti-Style Novels, and the translated literatures of world masterpieces. Third, his belief in insisting on writing as the general populace rather than writing for it has made him a spokesperson of the common people even though this is quite against others¡¦ points-of-view. This thesis aims to verify what those components of folklore in Mo Yan¡¦s novels are and whether they are highly agree with his belief or not. The whole text is divided into five chapters and emphasizes on analyzing the materials of folklore listed in categories. In addition, an introduction to Literature of the New Era is included.

The problem of this study is to determine what elements are significant in creating a periodical for LDS youth that will be competitive with the attractions of other published materials currently available to youth without sacrificing LDS standards.

This diploma thesis tries to analyse the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System in the 1920s. Through a detailed scrutiny of the influence of the American Central Bank on the economic activities it also tries to answer the question whether the Federal Reserve System could be considered as the main factor behind the causes and consequences of the Great Depression. This analysis can be divided into two periods. In the first period it explores the connection between the Federal Reserve System and the so-called New Era of American Capitalism in the 1920s. In addition, it raises the question whether the Central American Bank (through monetary policy tools) influenced the contemporary economic and political development to such an extent that it resulted into the Great Depression. The focus of the second period is the behaviour of the Federal Reserve System right after the Stock Market Crash of 1929.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_vo_me_mar.pdf: 256181 bytes, checksum: adeaa2b0e35ab0a13bd2880f0ed72aab (MD5) / Esta dissertação teve o propósito de analisar uma modalidade comportamental particular, construída durante as três últimas décadas do século XX e, que pode ser apreendida através do movimento Nova Era. A essa modalidade pode-se observar a construção subjetiva de mecanismos de respostas e de interpretação da realidade que resultam em atitudes e/ou numa ética comportamental capaz de traduzir os novos desafios que a realidade atual - denominada por alguns teóricos como sendo uma realidade pós-moderna - coloca para o indivíduo. Todavia, pode-se constatar que tais mecanismos de respostas, quando confrontados com o processo de alienação humana, tornam-se uma modalidade de resposta individual cujo potencial crítico fica ao nível superficial, reforçando um processo de privatização do indivíduo. / This dissertation had as the purpose of analyzing a modality peculiar comportamental, built during the last three decades of the century XX and that it can be apprehended through the movement New Era. For this modality it could be observed the subjective construction of mechanisms of answers and of interpretation of the reality that resulted in attitudes and or in an ethics comportamental capable to translate the new challenges that the current reality - denominated by some theoreticals as being a post-modern reality - it puts for the individual. Though, it can be verified that such mechanisms of answers, when confronted with the process of human alienation, they become a modality of individual answer which the critical potential is at the superficial level, reinforcing a process of the individualþs privatizations.

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Orientador: Antônio Carlos Mazzeo / Banca: José Geraldo Alberto Bertoncini Poker / Banca: Andreas Hofbauer / Resumo: Esta dissertação teve o propósito de analisar uma modalidade comportamental particular, construída durante as três últimas décadas do século XX e, que pode ser apreendida através do movimento Nova Era. A essa modalidade pode-se observar a construção subjetiva de mecanismos de respostas e de interpretação da realidade que resultam em atitudes e/ou numa ética comportamental capaz de traduzir os novos desafios que a realidade atual - denominada por alguns teóricos como sendo uma realidade "pós-moderna" - coloca para o indivíduo. Todavia, pode-se constatar que tais mecanismos de respostas, quando confrontados com o processo de alienação humana, tornam-se uma modalidade de resposta individual cujo potencial crítico fica ao nível superficial, reforçando um processo de privatização do indivíduo. / Abstract: This dissertation had as the purpose of analyzing a modality peculiar comportamental, built during the last three decades of the century XX and that it can be apprehended through the movement "New Era". For this modality it could be observed the subjective construction of mechanisms of answers and of interpretation of the reality that resulted in attitudes and or in an ethics comportamental capable to translate the new challenges that the current reality - denominated by some theoreticals as being a post-modern reality - it puts for the individual. Though, it can be verified that such mechanisms of answers, when confronted with the process of human alienation, they become a modality of individual answer which the critical potential is at the superficial level, reinforcing a process of the individualþs privatizations. / Mestre

The focus of this research is the New Era Schools Trust (N.E.S.T.) system of non-racial, multi-cultural schooling,with its first school Uthongathi as an exemplification of its unique approach. In the theoretical component of the research, a thorough study is made of literature relating to multi-cultural education, with the issues of culture, race and socioeconomic class explored as problematics of central concern to the South African context. Selected strategies are analysed, upon which the possible implementation of multi-cultural education in South Africa might be based. A chapter is included on the the socio-political origins of N.E.S.T. Its birth and infancy are set against background events that have impinged on education in South Africa since World War 11. The empirical section of the research is focused on Uthongathi, as it evolved and developed during the period January 1987 to July 1989. Among the most important findings emanating from the research are the following: 1. New Era Schools Trust was established primarily as a reaction to the historically evolved policy of apartheid, which the originators of the endeavour perceived to be unjust. 2. Central to the endeavour is the creation of school communities that are the antithesis of the present, largely ethnocentric, state educational structures. It is hoped to thereby create a vehicle to aid peaceful evolutionary change as an alternative to the violent and confrontational strategies widely current. 3. Uthongathi propounds (and is guided by) policies of nonracialism, multi-culturalism, and access for pupils of various socio-economic classes and both sexes. 4. Some tension is apparent between the policy of a "balance of races" and the school's egalitarian aims, although the racial balance itself appears to be remarkably effective in practice. An impressive level of social solidarity is evident amongst the pupils. 5. A broad, liberal education is offered. It is focussed on university entrance, and is enriched by a wide variety of extra-mural pursuits. Self-help and a comprehensive community service scheme operate. 6. Despite the absence at the present time of academic results gained through public examinations, upon which objective judgements can be based, it is clear that high academic standards are pursued. A comprehensive academic support programme has been mounted in the lower standards in order to assist those pupils who originate from educationally and economically deprived backgrounds. Bursary support is generous. 7. The N.E.S.T. schooling model appears to be malleable to suit regional needs. It appears to have relevance to future policy directions for state and private schooling alike. The costs and fee structures are, however, likely to limit the extent of extrapolation possible. 8. Tentative suggestions have been made for appropriate action. More accurate judgements on the adoption of N.E.S.T. schooling as a proposed model for South Africa will become possible as the system evolves further to incorporate the four schools initially planned. 9. Recommendations have also been made for further research. There is a great need for selected facets of the N.E.S.T. schools to be researched in greater depth than has been possible in this exploratory study. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1989.

Introduction – With the rising of the electricity prices around the world and simultaneously higher standards on sustainability and environment on buildings, more people have begun thinking of better means of electricity supply. Solar cells have become a popular and more discussed topic that can justify for both an economical and sustainable perspective. How solar cells might affect the future cityscape and the available supply is investigated in the study. Method – The used research method has been a qualitative case study. An investigative document study and semi-structured interviews was chosen as data collection techniques to respond to the questions. Results/Analysis – The study showed that architects and urban planners don’t seem to find today’s solar cells to be aesthetically pleasing, resulting in them being used more on low-sloping roofs and larger façades where they are hidden and disappear in the overall picture. The solar panels are considered difficult to integrate into the building without disturbing its character and architectural values. Even the interaction with their surroundings and their failure to blend into their environment were perceived as obstacles. Since solar cells and panels greatly influence the design, more integrated solar cell products were desired that adapt to design and not the other way around. Solar cells conceived from an architect’s perspective were sought after with, among other things, more colours and more imitation of building material. Sun-shielding solar cells with sufficiently good light penetration are missing on the market according to architects and urban planners. The most used solar panels today are the additive silicon-based panels with higher efficiency than the integrated by thin-film solar cells. The colour and size range of the additive panels is more limited, while the integrated ones are more customizable and have more design possibilities in both size and material. Discussion – Based on the study, future urban environments are expected to be affected by solar cell implementation just as human ideals, needs and technologies have been doing for decades. For the technology, on the other hand, close cooperation between actors is required to obtain a satisfactory result and increase the use further, above all in the already built-up environment. In addition to placing solar cells on buildings, other creative but also aesthetic solutions are encouraged to contribute to sustainability and environmental goals. Through a case study with interviews and a document study, satisfactory and in-depth explanations of the study's goals and purpose were obtained. High reliability and validity are assessed based on the circumstances of the study; however, some choices could have been made differently to increase reliability and validity further. / Introduktion – Efter uppgången av elpriserna runt om i världen samtidigt som högre hållbarhets- och miljökrav ställs på byggnader har fler börjat tänka på bättre elförsörjningsmetoder. Solceller har blivit ett populärt och på senare tid mer omtalat ämne som kan försvaras ur både ett ekonomiskt och hållbarhetsperspektiv. Hur solceller kan komma att påverka den framtida stadsbilden samt det tillgängliga utbudet undersöks i studien. Metod – Undersökningsmetoden som använts har varit en kvalitativ fallstudie. En undersökande dokumentstudie och semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som datainsamlingstekniker för att besvara frågeställningen. Resultat/Analys – Studien visade att arkitekter och stadsplanerare inte tycker dagens solceller är estetiskt tilltalande, vilket resulterar i att de används mer på låglutande tak och större fasadytor där de göms och försvinner i helheten. Solpanelerna anses vara svåra att integreras i byggnaden utan att störa dess karaktär och arkitektoniska värden. Även samspelning med omgivning och att de inte lyckas smälta in i sin miljö upplevdes som hinder. Eftersom solceller och paneler påverkar gestaltningen mycket önskades mer integrerade solcellsprodukter som anpassas efter utformningen och inte tvärtom. Solceller tänkta utifrån en arkitekts perspektiv eftertraktades med bland annat fler kulörer och mer efterliknande av byggmaterial. Solavskärmande solceller med tillräckligt bra ljusinsläpp saknas av arkitekt och stadsplanerare. De solpaneler som används mest idag är de additiva kiselbaserade panelerna med högre verkningsgrad än de integrerade av tunnfilmssolceller. Färg- och storleksutbudet av de additiva panelerna är mer begränsat medan de integrerades är mer anpassningsbara och har fler utformningsmöjligheter i både storlek och material. Diskussion - Med utgångspunkt i studien förväntas framtida stadsmiljöer påverkas av solcellsimplementeringen precis som mänskliga ideal, behov och tekniker gjort i årtionden. För teknologin krävs däremot ett nära samarbete mellan aktörer för att erhålla ett tillfredsställande resultat och öka användningen ytterligare, framför allt i den redan bebyggda miljön. Förutom placering av solceller på byggnader uppmuntras det även till andra kreativa men även estetiska lösningar för att bidra till hållbarhets- och miljömål. Genom en fallstudie med intervjuer och dokumentstudie erhölls tillfredsställande och djupgående förklaringar på studiens mål och syfte. Hög reliabilitet och validitet bedöms utifrån studiens förutsättningar, däremot hade somliga val kunnat göras annorlunda för att höja reliabilitet och validitet ytterligare.