O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo do íon Fe3+ em monocristais e fibras monocristalinas de LiNbO3, através da técnica espectroscópica da Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE), nas freqüências de 10 e 34GHz, à temperatura ambiente. O Hamiltoniano de Spin para o íon Fe3+ ocupando um sítio de simetria trigonal (C3v) é dado por: H = \'beta\' \'VET.H\' \'VET.g\' \'VET.S\' + \'B20O20+B40O40 . Foram analisadas três amostras de LiNbO3, com diferentes concentrações de Fe3+ e os parâmetros de campo cristalino e fator-g encontrados são: fibra (0.3 mol% de Fe3+) g = 1.9908 \'+OU-\' 0.0002, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' = 5.4\'+OU-\'0.2x10-2 cm-1 , \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 4\' = -7.7\'+OU-\'1.5x10-5cm-1, monocristal 90 (0.22 mol%) g = 2.0043\'+OU-\'0.0002, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' = 5.35\'+OU-\'0.25x10-2 cm-1, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 4\'= - 4.03\'+OU-\'1.4x10-5cm-1, monocristal 99 (0.02 mol%) g = 2.0026\'+OU-\'0.0004, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' = 5.4\'+OU-\'0.3x10-2 cm-1, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 4\' = - 8.33\'+OU-\'1.6x10-5cm-1. Foi medida e analisada a dependência angular da largura das linhas nas duas bandas de freqüências. Através de modelos teóricos (Watanabe, Orbach-Das-Sharma, Spinspin, Spin-spin Spin-órbita) calculamos o parâmetro de desdobramento a campo zero, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\', do estado fundamental do íon Fe3+, para determinar qual o sítio que este íon ocupa no LiNbO3. / We report EPR measurements of Fe3+ ion in bulk LiNbO3 single crystals and in the form of fibers. Spin Hamiltonian for the Fe3+ ion in a trigonal symmetry (C3v) site is given by: H = \'beta\' \'VET.H\' \'VET.g\' \'VET.S\' + \'B20O20+B40O40. Measurements were performed at room temperature and two frequency bands, 10 and 34GHz, using three samples of LiNbO3 with different concentrations of Fe3+ g-factor and the crystal field parameters were found to be: for fiber (0.3 mol% of Fe3+) g = 1.9908 \'+OU-\' 0.0002, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' = 5.4\'+OU-\'0.2x10-2 cm-1 , \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 4\' = -7.7\'+OU-\'1.5x10-5cm-1, for the single crystal 90 (0.22 mol%) g = 2.0043\'+OU-\'0.0002, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' = 5.35\'+OU \'0.25x10-2 cm-1, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 4\'= - 4.03\'+OU-\'1.4x10-5 cm-1, and for the single crystal 99 (0.02 mol%) g = 2.0026\'+OU-\'0.0004, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' = 5.4\'+OU-\'0.3x10-2 cm-1, \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 4\' = - 8.33\'+OU-\'1.6x10-5cm-1. The angular dependence of the line width were also measured and compared with theoretical model. To determine the substitutional site of Fe3+ ion in the LiNbO3 lattice, we calculated the zero field splitting parameter \'B. SUP. 0 INF. 2\' of the ground state, using many theoretical models (Watanabe, Orbach-Das-Sharma, Spin-spin, Spin-Spin Spinorbita).

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are information systems that integrate organizational activities across geographical and functional divisions. Being enterprise-wide systems, they are used within an organization in order to standardise its data and streamline its business processes. However, the envisaged benefits of installing an ERP system, such as better control over the company’s operations and seamless integration and data exchange, often fail to materialize. Although the literature has looked into the factors affecting a successful ERP implementation and adoption, it has largely overlooked the actual use of the system. However, as ERP systems have become widespread in many organizations, it is important to examine the use of such systems and their organizational consequences in-situ. This research is particularly concerned with the impact of the use of ERP systems on organizational control and drift. The main argument is that there are contextual factors, in the form of existing organizational control and drift, which influence the use of the ERP system by its users. The actual use of the ERP system can then also lead to organizational control or drift itself. This depends on the way the system is used by its users, as well as the affordances of the system. The former is characterized as human agency in this thesis, while the latter is characterized as machine agency. An interpretive case study approach is adopted to examine those issues. A main case study is examined in depth, aided by four auxiliary case studies. The main contribution of this research is the provision of rich insights regarding the use of ERP systems and their organizational consequences.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-16T19:29:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 utilizacao_sistemas.pdf: 1457611 bytes, checksum: fb5f7cc37dacb710a6e5f08f866c8667 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-16T19:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 utilizacao_sistemas.pdf: 1457611 bytes, checksum: fb5f7cc37dacb710a6e5f08f866c8667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / O uso das Tecnologias da Informação Móveis e Sem Fio (TIMS), está ocorrendo em grande ritmo de crescimento em todos os países do mundo, a partir de celulares, smartphones, notebooks ou tablets ligados por redes sem fios. O uso de sistemas ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) está completamente difundido entre as organizações, sendo um assunto muito estudado desde o final dos anos 90. O uso das TIMS juntamente com sistemas ERP, é algo que mesmo sendo bastante utilizado nas empresas ainda não foi estudado no meio acadêmico, e por esse motivo, esse trabalho tenta identificar de que forma os sistemas ERP vêm sendo utilizados em uma perspectiva de mobilidade empresarial e quais são as decorrências deste uso para as empresas adotantes. Esse trabalho é uma pesquisa exploratória e está dividido em três partes, sendo a primeira uma pesquisa com os fornecedores de sistemas ERP, a segunda um estudo sobre quais funcionalidades do ERP com mobilidade são usadas em três empresas e finalizando com um estudo de caso múltiplo com três empresas usuárias de ERP com mobilidade. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que somente 34% dos fornecedores de sistemas ERP pesquisados possuem aplicações móveis para seus ERPs. Além disso, a maioria das aplicações (53%) são voltadas para a área de vendas, fato esse que é refletido nas empresas pesquisadas, que só usam aplicações de auxílio à força de vendas. Por fim, é mostrado que nas empresas estudadas, o uso do ERP com mobilidade gerou para as organizações um aumento da produtividade, aumento da eficiência, redução dos custos, aumento da vigilância e controle sobre os funcionários e melhora da qualidade de vida dos usuários. Descobriu-se também que algumas das proposições de pesquisa não puderam ser confirmadas com uso do ERP com mobilidade, entre elas a sobrecarga de dados, melhoria no relacionamento com os clientes e fornecedores, melhoria na comunicação organizacional e aumento de receitas. / The use of Mobile and Wireless Information Technologies (MWIT) is outstandingly fast in every country of the world, from mobile phones, smartphones, laptops or tablets connected through wireless networks. The use of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is completely spread among organizations, being a much studied topic since the late 90s. The use of MWIT with ERP systems is something that, even being used quite often in companies, has not been studied in academic field, and for that this paper attempts to identify how ERP systems have been used in an enterprise mobility perspective and what are the results of this use for the adopters. This paper is an exploratory research and is divided in three parts, the first one a survey with suppliers of ERP systems, the second a study on what features of ERP with mobility are used in three companies and to finish, a multiple study case with three companies users of ERP with mobility. The results show that only 34% of the surveyed ERP systems suppliers have mobile applications for their ERP. In addition, most applications (53%) is focused on sales, which reflects on the researched companies that only use sales support applications. Finally, it is shown that, in the studied companies, the use of ERP with mobility has increased productivity and efficiency, reduced costs, increased surveillance and control over employees and improved users life quality. It was also discovered that some research proposals could not be confirmed by the use of ERP with mobility, including data overload, improvement in relationship with customers and suppliers, improvement in organizational communication and profit increase.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objeto estudiar la problemática de la emisión de comprobante electrónico y traer una idea de negocio que no solo atienda las necesidades insatisfechas del contribuyente, sino que sea una propuesta de valor diferenciada e innovadora en el mercado. Al encontrarse con un mercado inmenso – 969 375 mypes –obligadas bajo disposición de la SUNAT a emitir de manera electrónica, notamos que nuestra solución al problema era implementar un ERP web y un aplicativo que facilite y optimice los tiempos de los microempresarios y, por tanto, cumplan con sus obligaciones tributarias. Actualmente, muchos usuarios no cumplen con la normativa por tiempo, desconocimiento o por seguir optando en mantenerse en la informalidad. A raíz de ello, la propuesta de FacturaFast será de acogerse a la ley y de invitar a muchos emprendedores a formalizarse. Llevando a cabo nuestra investigación de mercado, notamos que muchos usuarios no solo desconocían de la disposición, sino que tampoco sabían cómo emitir digitalmente. En cuanto a nuestro plan de marketing, buscamos acaparar mercado en un 10% con una nuestra estrategia de marketing mix agresiva y asertiva. Por otro lado, nuestra plan financiero nos demuestra que la empresa no sufrirá de liquidez, mantendrá buen flujo de efectivo y será rentable. Para lograr aquello, nuestra inversión inicial para poner en marcha el startup será de S/171,769. Concluimos que nuestra de idea de negocio atraerá un publico bastante interesado en nuestra propuesta. / This research paper is intended to study the problem in the issuance of electronic receipt and thus present a business idea which not only meets the users’ needs, but also create a value proposition different and innovative in the market. Knowing that our huge market – 969 375 mypes – is required to follow SUNAT provision to issue receipts electronically, we noticed that our solution was to develop an ERP web alongside an app that eases and improves the small-business owners’ times and therefore to comply with their tax liabilities. Nowadays, a lot of users do not follow the provision due to time, unawareness or they prefer to remain in the informal economy. Bearing in mind that, FacturaFast value proposition will entail users to comply with the law and of course, to invite them to be formal businessmen. As we conducted our research market, it came to our attention that many not only did not know the provision, but also knew how to issue a receipt electronically. As for our marketing plan, we are aiming to gain more market by 10% with an aggressive and assertive marketing mix strategy. Concerning our financial plan, it showed us that our company will not go through liquidity problems, moreover, our cash flow will be positive and most importantly, this startup will be profitable. In order to do well, our first investment will be S/ 171,769. To sum up, our business idea will surely get the attention of a target interested in our proposition. / Trabajo de investigación

Många företagsledningar har svårighet att värdera ERP-system och de förändringar som krävs i företaget för att införa ett ERP-system. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse kring vilka kritiska faktorer som kan påverka implementering av ERP-system, samt hur organisationer arbetar med att hålla sitt ERP-system uppdaterat. Grundidén till studien kommer från Markus & Tanis (2000) som i en artikel beskriver den bristande forskning som finns inom ämnet ERP-system. Ytterligare en artikel som ligger till grund för studien beskriver en kanadensisk undersökning av Kumar, Maheshwari & Kumar (2003). För att kunna bidra med ytterligare forskning, samt tyda och förstå forskningsområdet är studien genomförd med ett hermeneutiskt ställningstagande av kvalitativ art. Genom en enkätundersökning har den empiriska datan samlats in för att sedan via mönsterjämförelse med Kumar, Maheshwari & Kumars (2003) studie bidragit till att utveckla en redan befintlig studie, samt fyllt på den alltför tunna informationen inom forskningsämnet.Enligt Wilder & Davis (1998, se Kumar, Maheshwari & Kumar, 2003) anses ERP-implementeringsprojekt vara de svåraste systemutvecklingsprojekten på kort sikt. Kumar, Maheshwari & Kumar (2003) utvecklar detta påstående, genom att undersöka flertalet kritiska faktorer som kan påverka implementeringen på ett mycket negativt sätt. Dessa kritiska faktorer kan exempelvis vara olika förändringar inom organisationen, val av ERP-system återförsäljare, val av konsulter, sammansättning av projektteam, planering, utbildning med flera. Markus & Tanis (2000) menar på att ett av de största problemen vid implementering av ERP-system är att det inte finns tillräckligt forskning inom ämnet, vi vet idag för lite för att konkret kunna påvisa de nackdelar och fördelar som en investering i ett ERP-system kan leda till. Vilka kritiska faktorer påverkar implementeringen av ERP-system? Vilka urvalskriterier finns vid planeringen av att införa ett ERP-system? Vilka kriterier och problem kan påträffas inom implementeringsprojekt? Vilka problem kan förekomma under implementeringen och hur kan organisationer arbeta för att förbättra och hålla sitt ERP-system uppdaterat?Kumar, Maheshwari, & Kumars (2003) studie visar att organisationer ställs inför flertalet olika utmaningar både vad gäller beteende bland anställda och medverkande, men även ledningsrelaterade problem. Slutanvändaren var inte redo för ett nytt system, motstånd till förändring, brist på utbildning, omsättning av nyckelpersoner inom projektet och brist på planering inom projektet var några av de kritiska faktorer som påvisades. Flertalet av respondenterna ansåg att de inom organisationen borde ha lagt ned mer tid på beteende- och ledningsrelaterade problem, samt att förbättra processerna inom projektet (Kumar, Maheshwari, & Kumar, 2003). Dessa påståenden kan stärkas i och med resultatet från denna studie. Utifrån resultatsammanfattningen kan vi se att de främsta problemen uppstår i samband med männskliga faktorer så som bristande resurser, bristande kompetens och bristande utbildning. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

Theme of this thesis is utilization of ERP system MS Dynamics AX 2009 in retail environment. Its main goal is to create analysis that will evaluate suitability of MS Dynamics AX implementation in retail business. This goal is realized by achieving three steps. First step is introduction and analysis of retail business processes. This includes introduction of general process in theory followed by description of typical needs and requirements of retail enterprise. Second step is analysis of functionality offered by MS Dynamics AX and identification of its deficiencies in terms of usability in retail. Third step is creation of solution proposal for requirements that are not covered by MS Dynamics AX functionality. Contribution of this thesis is introduction of common needs and requirements of retail enterprise in chosen business segment. Also practical demonstration of how are key business processes supported by MS Dynamics AX. At last added value is also in creating a solution proposal, which will solve identified deficiencies by means of program customization. Structure of thesis is based on key business processes of retail and it's divided to theoretical and practical part. Chapters of each part are sorted into order of product life cycle, which is purchase, logistics and sales. Practical part also deals with product management.

The capabilities of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system to integrate all necessary business functions into a single system with a shared database efficiently and effectively has persuaded organisations to adopt them. Research shows that ERP implementation in both large and small to medium enterprises has been a difficult challenge for organisations throughout the years. Despite the many advantages of ERP systems, there isn't a clear and easy way of implementing them in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The motivation for the research is to investigate the barriers to ERP software system implementation in an SME using a case study approach, and to identify the steps to overcome these barriers and investigate the claim of ERP vendors that their ERP solutions improve the performance of their customers, the profitability and efficiency of work processes. This research identifies the barriers to ERP implementation in an SME, provides an overview of the traditional and current approaches of ERP implementation and discusses the effects of adopting an ERP system on the company's overall performance. The research uses a mix of methods including case study research and action research. Un-structured interviews and semi structured interviews approaches with negotiation and change management techniques were also used in order to generate knowledge concerning the problems at the case study. The case study has determined reasons for failed implementations, unlike previous research which suggests education level impact upon the implementation of the ERP system, the study demonstrates that an insufficient education level is not a necessary condition for resistance to change. It has also been shown in this research that high level management can have a direct influence on the ERP implementation in SMEs. This research suggests that SMEs need to standardize processes into business routines which will influence the introduction of a different knowledge store that helps the development of the new system; however employee s resistance to change, lack of trust of the new system and lack of knowledge has limited the implementation process by increasing mistakes and duplication of data. The ERP system has been evaluated by the end users at the case study organisation, and the results suggests that the implementation of an ERP system has improved the overall business and has increased the performance, the profitability and the efficiency of work processes. This research adds to the overall knowledge of ERP implementation in SMEs by deriving a better understanding of the problem in the body of knowledge and identifying the barriers to ERP implementation in SMEs. It provides recommendations that have been tested in the case study organisation for overcoming ERP implementation barriers in SMEs, and a financial model of the implementation costs and benefits. Finally, the recommendations presented in this thesis and suggested areas for further research set out the potential way forward to advance knowledge in this area.

Many studies report a gap in the inter-relationships between different factors and the acceptance of, or resistance to, an ERP system. Specifically, there is lack of literature on the individual factors that drive or delay the adoption of advanced technologies such as the Enterprise Resource Planning system ERP. It motivated me to carry out a study that investigates the non-linear views of change, in order to provide a general picture of how external and internal factors influence employees to accept or reject an ERP system. My thesis explores individual choices and behaviours and the socio-cultural context in which the cases are set to identify the factors that influence individuals’ actions and to determine from an employee perspective whether reactions to using ERP systems are intentional or unintentional. The thesis follows an interpretive approach using two case studies in Saudi Arabia where multiple sources of evidence including interviews, document analysis and observation have been employed. Pattern matching, logic models and cross-case synthesis are used for thematically organising and analysing the case studies. The thesis discusses the relationship between factors including politics, economics, religious social culture, the culture of the company and technical issues and the behaviour of employees towards change. I will argue that those factors directly affect the behaviour ofemployees and indirectly affect the acceptance or rejection of the ERP system. The thesis extends the scope of institutional analysis by explaining how the behaviours of employees influence both the acceptance of, or resistance to, an ERP system. The thesis adds to the knowledge in the literature by showing the relationship between external and internal factors and the acceptance of, or resistance to, an ERP system in Saudi Arabia as less developed countries LDCs. Also the thesis shows how the effects of the socio-cultural landscape of the middle east cannot be ignored when exploring the factors that initiate and shape management accounting change. Practical implications: the thesis provides some examples on how external and internal factors influence the behaviour of employees in Saudi Arabia. The thesis suggests that companies can exploit the behaviour of employees to influence change and avoid resistance.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2011

Emotional eating behavior is characterized by eating a large amount of calorie dense sweet and/or high fat foods in an attempt to control, cope with, or avoid negative emotions. Numerous factors are likely to contribute to emotional eating behavior, including attentional factors, such as rumination and avoidance coping. Rumination based emotional eating (attention focused on negative stimuli while mindlessly eating) is often utilized to improve mood while dwelling on problems. However, for those inclined to escape/avoid troublesome thoughts, another type of emotional-eating pattern may be used. By focusing attention on food, emotional eating is believed to distract individuals from negative emotions. However, along with avoiding distressing thoughts, a strong attentional focus on food may also lead to diminished attention resources and subsequently the missing of self-preserving thoughts (e.g. dietary restraint or satiety). While Denke & Lamm (2015) explored neural mechanisms underlying rumination based emotional eating, to the best of our knowledge, no one has investigated the neural correlates underlying avoidance based emotional eating. This study examined how attentional sub-processes contribute to emotional eating behavior among female participants in a task designed to explore escape type emotional-eating behavior. Dense-array EEG and a version of the canonical attentional blink task were used to ascertain the neural correlates underlying the attentional sub-processes and how attentional activation differs for emotional eaters vs. non-emotional eaters. Findings do not support the food fixation escape type emotional-eater hypothesis, but do indicate task validity.