通訊與資訊科技的大幅進步，電信自由化帶來的激烈競爭，以及網際網路的蓬勃發展，刺激大量多媒體網路資訊的流通，為了因應此種趨勢，網路提供者已趨向合併數據及電信網路朝單一的All-IP網路方向發展。為了保證時效性服務在All-IP網路上的品質，網路服務品質(QoS)已成為All-IP網路的主要研究議題。不同的網路應用各有不同的特性與需求；對於那些比較不注重傳輸延遲時間的應用，增加網路頻寬或許就已足夠應付需求，但是對於那些具有互動特性 (interactive)、重視傳輸延遲時間的應用，像VoIP，除了增加網路頻寬外，All-IP網路必須提供服務品質保證才能獲得網路營運者的支持。本研究團隊設計一個管理架構，在此架構上提供完整的End-to-End QoS保證，以符合All-IP網路上各種不同服務需求。本文中另外提出以預先批購頻寬的方式進行核心網路資源規劃，根據需求預測，考量批購成本期望值，決定出適當之頻寬預購值。於執行時段提出數個允入控制資源不足解決方案，並且配合執行時段頻寬管理機制，掌握頻寬使用情形，以達到順利允入網路訊務之目的。最後於NS2平台以實驗模擬的方式，評估本文中所提出之預先批購頻寬與執行時段頻寬管理機制，從結果中我們發現本研究所提出之頻寬預購方法可以有效預防因為預測誤差所造成之資源不足現象，配合執行時段頻寬管理機制可根據執行時期之資源使用狀況，在資源缺乏時提前進行頻寬補充，以順利允入訊務，提升使用率。 / Because of great progress of communication and computer technology, aggressive deployment of broadband fiber optical network, advance of Internet technology, and the global standardization of IP technology, the telecommunication industry is moving toward a converged network, which uses a single global IP based packet-switching network to carry all types of network traffics. In these types of network traffics, different traffic types require corresponding service to ensure end- to-end quality. For carrying all types of network traffics on All-IP network, BBQ (Budget-Based QoS) research group propose a QoS system architecture to provide end-to-end QoS guarantee. In this thesis, basing on BBQ QoS system, we propose resource pre-planning mechanism to management core network. According to demand forecast from historical data and considering pre-planning cost, pre-planning mechanism will find optimal policy to reduce management cost. Besides resource pre- planning, we also propose several solutions to avoid resource shortage at run-time. Through intensive evaluation in network simulatior-2(ns2), we demonstrate that our resource pre-planning can minimize resource cost and cover some forecasting error. And run-time resource management can maintain reasonable in-hand resource at run-time to reduce the effect of resource shortage.

Mountain bike suspension forks have been developed to reduce the accelerations transmitted to the rider. However, the effectiveness of suspension forks has not been systematically investigated. It was the goal of this project to quantify the amount of impact acceleration damping afforded by three stiffness settings of suspension forks compared to rigid mountain bike forks. Seven experienced mountain bike riders gave their informed consent to participate in the study. The subjects coasted down a ramp and impacted a bump at 5.4 m/s located about 2.3 m past the ramp end. Accelerometers were placed on the axle and frame of the bicycle which was fitted with either a rigid fork (FR) or suspension forks set on soft (F1), medium (F3), or firm (F6) stiffness. Bumps were either small (B1), medium (B2) or large (B3). Accelerometer data were telemetered to a computer, sampled at 1000 Hz and smoothed with Butterworth filter with 50 Hz cutoff. Peak acceleration during impact (P1) and landing (P2) as well as the slope of the impact acceleration peak (jerk, J) were extracted from the data and analyzed using a 2 x 3 x 4 repeated measures ANOVA for each of the dependent variables (P1, P2, J), and with linear contrasts as follow-up tests. A significance level of p<.01 was chosen. All forks were found to produce similar impact acceleration (P1) at the axle and frame on the small bump (B1). On larger bumps (B2 and B3), softer suspension forks (F1 and F3) significantly reduced acceleration transmitted to the rider during bump impact (P1), while maintaining significantly higher axle acceleration than other forks (p<.001); Jerk was significantly reduced at the frame compared to the axle for each suspension fork with the larger bumps. Landing impacts (P2) were of similar magnitude for most fork conditions at both the axle and frame. It appears from these data that suspension forks with moderate stiffness may provide the best impact acceleration damping for mountain bikes encountering impacts with characteristics similar to the bumps and velocity used in this study. It is unclear how these results generalize to other conditions encountered while riding. / Graduation date: 1997

The wars and national defense nowadays are not simple military actions but comprehensive ones involving national power, military strength, financial resources and spirit of people. And both outer military and inner natural and man-made threats are likely to threaten our national security. Therefore, establishing concepts of comprehensive security has become a basic notion and common sense that all citizens should be equipped with as our nation steps into the 21st century. According to history, the rise and decline of a nation is closely related to the strength of the national defense and the reinforcement of the concepts of all-out defense which depend on whether the defense education is thoroughly implemented. To construct all-out defense, first it is necessary to establish the knowledge of all-out defense and national consciousness. The national consensus should be established by means of "education" to achieve its effectiveness. The ROC's "All-Out Defense Mobilization Act," which was legislated in 2001, shows that the government attempts to solidify the national consensus of all citizens through spirit mobilization. To promote the knowledge of all-out defense, intensify the concepts of defense mobilization and strengthen the development of defense for national security, the All-Out Defense Education Act was legislated to enforce all-out defense education and has been brought into effect since February 2, 2006, which means that all-out defense education can be enforced by law. Thus, all-out defense education is the foundation of the construction of all-out defense, while all-out defense mobilization is the means to achieve all-out defense. The study probes into the transformation and the status quo of defense education according to All-Out Defense Education Act and aims to understand the meanings of all-out defense and all-out mobilization and their relations and extent of mutual effects. The two sides across the Taiwan Strait spare no efforts to implement all-out defense education. Whether a democratic country or a communist one, it puts great emphasis on the importance of all-out defense education. Yet, what is their difference? Focusing on the organizations and their implementation of all-out defense education, the study hopes to offer proper suggestions for future reference.

Abstract¡G TAL1 gene was originally discovered as a result of its activation by chromosome rearrangements in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia(T-ALL). Further studies have shown that TAL1 expression is aberrantly activated by several mechanisms including chromosome translocations, interstitial deletion and transactivation without detectable chromosomal alteration. TAL1 gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor, that is essential for the development of all haematopoietic lineages and its expression is maintained during differentiation along erythroid, mast and megakaryocytic cell lineages, but not in normal peripheral T-lymphocytes. The bHLH motif of these protein is responsible for DNA binding and dimerization with other bHLH proteins involved in transcription regulation. TAL1 protein is able to form heterodimers with the ubiquitously expressed E2A gene products, E47 and E12, and the heterodimers bind to E-box motif with the general sequence CANNTG. But the target genes for TAL1 oncoprotein have not yet been identified. We have previously isolated TAL1/E12 heterodimer bound genomic fragments by chromatin immunoprecipitation from K562 cells, and selected 6 fragments with one to four E-box CANNTG sequences. In order to determine if these fragments could be the regulatory elements of potential target genes of TAL1 oncoprotein, we inserted these 6 DNA fragments individually into pGL3 to generate recombinant reporter plasmids. The transfection experiments indicated that K34 and K94 DNA fragments behaved as a transcriptional transactivating sequence, and TAL1 and E12 proteins are required for efficient transcriptional activity. We also showed that transfection of these two recombinant constructs into K562 cells generated positive transcriptional activity, in a level similar to that in TAL1 and E12 co-transfected COS1 cells. These results established that both K34 and K94 DNA fragments are likely to contain a promoter of potential TAL1 target genes.

Thesis (M.S.) in Forest Resources--University of Maine, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-82).

Presented as Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1924. / Cover title. Reprinted from Journal of agricultural research, vol. XXXI, no. 9 (1 Nov. 1925). Includes bibliographical references (p. 825).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Take-all of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt ) is a problem wherever wheat is grown. Crop rotation is currently the only method for control. Our objectives were to develop a greenhouse bioassay and to evaluate the efficacy of mineral, chemical, and or biological agents for control, test promising agents in the field, and characterize Ggt isolates collected in Virginia. 'Jackson' soft red winter wheat seeds were planted in a Kempsville loam containing millet seed infested with Ggt or sterile millet seed in the greenhouse. Root necrosis ratings, and root and shoot weight were determined as a measure of disease severity. In the field, plots were set up with or without addition of Ggt inoculum. Effectiveness of nitrogen source, reduced manganese, and fungicide seed treatments to control take-all was determined. In greenhouse tests and in field trials plants did not yield better, significantly gain root and shoot weight due to either ammonium ions or reduced manganese, and the severity of root necrosis was not affected. Fungicide seed treatments did not significantly control take-all in the field. MON 65500, an experimental chemical, fungicides, and biological agents were tested either alone or in combination in the presence and absence of Ggt. Plants from seeds treated with MON 65500 alone or in combination with difenoconazole gained significantly greater root and shoot weight and in field trials had significantly greater grain yield over control plots. In greenhouse tests, two Bacillus spp. and a fluorescent pseudomonad were tested. Plants from bacteria-treated seeds gained root and shoot weight in only one of several tests. USDA-maintained bacterial isolates did not perform well in greenhouse bioassays or in the field, and plants from Gustafson-product-treated seed, including biological agents yielded poorly over two seasons in field trials. Little information is available on the variability of Ggt, with most information coming from Britain and Australia. Virginia and Montana Ggt, and Gga and Ggg (British isolates) were tested for virulence against 'Jackson' wheat in the greenhouse. Seeds were planted with two Ggt mycelial plugs or two sterile PDA plugs. Colony morphology, growth rates, and vegetative compatibility groups were determined. Growth rate per day and total growth was related to disease severity in greenhouse assays. For the first time, bacterial Rep primers were used to amplify Ggt DNA. Molecular techniques as well as chemical markers were used to study anastomosis between "incompatible" strains. A useful technique was developed to quickly induce perithecial formation on soybean pods which lead to ecological and agricultural concerns. / Ph. D.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka prevalensen av synnedsättning hos hjälpsökande i Ghana under en resa med Vision for All. Vilken är den vanligaste orsaken till synnedsättning? Metod: Mätningarna genomfördes runt olika städer i Ghana under månadsskiftet mars/april 2016. 228 personer deltog i studien, varav 96 män och 132 kvinnor. Medelåldern hos deltagarna var 51 ± 17 år. Åldersspridning hos alla deltagare var 6-86 år. Synskärpa undersöktes med hjälp av en Snellen-tavla med E-hakar, och med hjälp av provbåge med tillhörande provglas korrigerades eventuella synfel. Vid eventuell synnedsättning undersöktes deltagaren med ett oftalmoskop för att hitta synliga hinder för synskärpan. Deltagarna kategoriserades efter World Health Organizations kategorisering av synnedsättning och blindhet. Resultat: Totalt 41 personer hade synnedsättning innan korrektion för synfel, vilket ger en prevalens av 18,0%. Av dessa 41 personer var 19 män och 22 kvinnor. Inget signifikant samband hittades mellan kön och synnedsättning. Monokulär och binokulär synnedsättning varierade mellan de olika kategorierna. Totalt 16 (39,0%) personer har en synnedsättning till följd av katarakt, 10 (24,4%) av okorrigerade synfel, 3 (7,3%) av kongenitala omständigheter, 3 (7,3%) av korneal opacitet, 2 (4,9%) av pterygium, 1 (2,4%) av misslyckad kataraktoperation, 1 (2,4%) av mässling, 1 (2,4%) av trauma och 1 (2,4%) av tumör. Slutsats: Studien visar en prevalens av synnedsättning på 18,0%. Inget signifikant samband mellan kön och synnedsättning hittas. Den vanligaste orsaken till synnedsättning hos deltagarna var katarakt, och den näst vanligaste okorrigerade synfel. / The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of visual impairment of a ghanaian population seeking visual aid during a trip with Vision for All. In addition, to evaluate the most common causes for visual impairment in that population. Measurements were performed in different cities around Ghana during a period of three weeks. In total 228 persons participated in this study, out of these 96 were men and 132 were women. The average age of the participants were 51 ± 17 years, and the age ranged from 6 to 86 years old. Visual acuity was measured using a Snellen E-chart and uncorrected refractive errors were corrected using either trial lenses or flippers. If any visual impairment was present the participant was further examined with an ophtalmoscope to identify its cause. The participants were divided according to WHO’s categorization of visual impairment and blindness. 41 persons out of 228 had a visual impairment before accounting for uncorrected refractive error which gives a prevalence of 18.0%. Out of these 41 persons 19 were men and 22 women. No significant correlation between gender and visual impairment was found. Monocular and binocular visual impairment varied between the different categories. In total 16 (39.0%) persons had a visual impairment due to cataract, 10 (24.4%) due to uncorrected refractive errors, 3 (7.3%) due to congenital conditions, 3 (7.3%) due to corneal opacities, 2 (4.9%) due to pterygium, 1 (2.4%) due to a failed cataract surgery, 1 (2.4%) due to measles, 1 (2.4%) due to trauma and 1 (2.4%) due to a tumour. The prevalence of visual impairment in this study was 18.0%. No significant correlation between gender and visual impairment was found. The most common cause of visual impairment was due to cataract, and the second most common cause was due to uncorrected refractive errors.