Une bonne connaissance des sections efficaces de l'eau légère est importante, car l'eau est le modérateur le plus employé dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée (REP), qui fonctionnent à des températures et des pressions avoisinant 550 K et 150 bar. Les sections efficaces neutroniques dans le domaine d'énergie thermique dépendent de la structure et de la dynamique du matériau diffusant, décrites par des lois de diffusion thermiques (TSL). Les évaluations des TSL existantes n’ont pas été validées aux hautes températures et pressions, et doivent être revues. Pour produire de nouvelles TSL, des mesures de la diffusion inélastique des neutrons sur l'eau ont été effectuées à l'Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), à l'aide de deux spectromètres IN4c et IN6. Afin de compléter ces mesures, des simulations de dynamique moléculaire (MD) ont été réalisées en s'appuyant sur deux modèles classiques d'interaction moléculaire, le modèle non polarisable TIP4P/2005f et le modèle polarisable TCPE. Les spectres de fréquence à différentes pressions et températures obtenus grâce aux mesures de temps de vol et aux simulations MD ont été exploités pour développer de nouvelles TSL. Les performances de ces nouvelles bibliothèques ont été testées sur une série de mesures de sections efficaces différentielles, double-différentielles et totales disponibles dans la littérature. Des benchmarks critiques (ICSBEP benchmarks) ont également été utilisés. Les résultats de ces études permettent une meilleure compréhension de l'impact de la température et de la pression sur les TSL dans les applications liées à l'exploitation des REP. / Precise knowledge of light water thermal scattering cross section is important as it is the most widely used moderator in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) which operate at temperature around 550 K and pressure around 150 bar. In the thermal neutron energy region, the cross sections are governed by the structure and dynamics of the scattering material described by thermal scattering law (TSL). There is a need for reviewing the existing TSL evaluations and consequently performing new experiments, to develop new TSL evaluations valid for a large range of temperature and pressure conditions. To generate new TSL for light water, inelastic neutron scattering measurements were carried out at two time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometers, namely the IN4c and IN6, at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. A corresponding set of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to complement the experimental data using two classical interaction models for water namely, a flexible non-polarizable TIP4P/2005f and a rigid polarizable TCPE model. Frequency spectra obtained from both TOF experiment and MD simulations at different temperatures and pressures have been analyzed and new TSL evaluations have been developed. The performance of the newly developed TSL evaluations were tested on a series of differential, double differential and total cross section measurements available in the literature. For further verification and validation of the new TSL data, critical benchmarks available in the ICSBEP Handbook, sensitive to TSL have been used. The outcome of this study leads to a better interpretation of the impact of temperature and pressure on TSL in PWR applications.

Take-all of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt ) is a problem wherever wheat is grown. Crop rotation is currently the only method for control. Our objectives were to develop a greenhouse bioassay and to evaluate the efficacy of mineral, chemical, and or biological agents for control, test promising agents in the field, and characterize Ggt isolates collected in Virginia. 'Jackson' soft red winter wheat seeds were planted in a Kempsville loam containing millet seed infested with Ggt or sterile millet seed in the greenhouse. Root necrosis ratings, and root and shoot weight were determined as a measure of disease severity. In the field, plots were set up with or without addition of Ggt inoculum. Effectiveness of nitrogen source, reduced manganese, and fungicide seed treatments to control take-all was determined. In greenhouse tests and in field trials plants did not yield better, significantly gain root and shoot weight due to either ammonium ions or reduced manganese, and the severity of root necrosis was not affected. Fungicide seed treatments did not significantly control take-all in the field. MON 65500, an experimental chemical, fungicides, and biological agents were tested either alone or in combination in the presence and absence of Ggt. Plants from seeds treated with MON 65500 alone or in combination with difenoconazole gained significantly greater root and shoot weight and in field trials had significantly greater grain yield over control plots. In greenhouse tests, two Bacillus spp. and a fluorescent pseudomonad were tested. Plants from bacteria-treated seeds gained root and shoot weight in only one of several tests. USDA-maintained bacterial isolates did not perform well in greenhouse bioassays or in the field, and plants from Gustafson-product-treated seed, including biological agents yielded poorly over two seasons in field trials. Little information is available on the variability of Ggt, with most information coming from Britain and Australia. Virginia and Montana Ggt, and Gga and Ggg (British isolates) were tested for virulence against 'Jackson' wheat in the greenhouse. Seeds were planted with two Ggt mycelial plugs or two sterile PDA plugs. Colony morphology, growth rates, and vegetative compatibility groups were determined. Growth rate per day and total growth was related to disease severity in greenhouse assays. For the first time, bacterial Rep primers were used to amplify Ggt DNA. Molecular techniques as well as chemical markers were used to study anastomosis between "incompatible" strains. A useful technique was developed to quickly induce perithecial formation on soybean pods which lead to ecological and agricultural concerns. / Ph. D.

Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal microorganism of the poultry gastrointestinal tract. Broilers, layers, ducks, turkeys, and quails can be colonized by Campylobacter without illness occurring. The vast majority of human Campylobacter infections are recognized as being foodborne. For 2008, preliminary FoodNet data showed that the Campylobacter incidence of infection, 12.68 per 100,000 of the U.S. population, is the second highest, only behind Salmonella at 16.20 per 100,000. To further understand Campylobacter’s role as a foodborne pathogen, analysis at the molecular level is needed. Microbial molecular typing allows for identification and differentiation of bacterial strains beneath the species level. In this study, the “gold standard” method for molecular subtyping, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), along with Diversilab® repetitive element Polymerase Chain Reaction (rep-PCR) and 16S-23S Internal Spacer Region Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (ISR DGGE) were used for the molecular typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained during different stages of commercial broiler production and processing. In addition, the C. jejuni isolates were tested for resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in both veterinary and human medicine. Antimicrobial resistance testing was carried out using a broth dilution system. The majority of recovered isolates came from post-harvest carcass rinsates. Carcass rinses were obtained at post-evisceration, post-chill stages. All isolates (n = 46) were identified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction as Campylobacter jejuni. Three genotypes (n = 44, n = 1, n = 1) were identified by PFGE. The 46 rep-PCR products grouped into seven clusters and two outliers. Clustering of rep-PCR products by sample source was not observed. No relatedness trends were observed for isolates recovered from the same source. The combination of PFGE and Diversilab rep-PCR methods provides highly discriminatory molecular typing results. These results provide practical epidemiological information that shows postevisceration and post-chill stages are still important targets for intervention studies. The very high occurrence of C. jejuni isolates exhibiting genotype A suggests it may differentially express certain gene(s) that enable this strain to more favorably survive under the different harsh environmental conditions encountered during production and processing. In addition, phenotypic testing revealed all of the isolates were not resistant to the antimicrobials azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, florfenicol, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and clindamycin at any of the concentrations tested. All the C. jejuni isolates exhibited an indistinguishable two-band 16S-23S ISR DGGE profile. Overall, these C. jejuni commercial broiler pre- and post-harvest isolates exhibited an extremely low degree of molecular and phenotypic variability.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7890_Dissertação - Cíntia Costa - Versão Final.pdf: 11231709 bytes, checksum: 1ffba37000d5c321761a927afd243fcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-02 / Esta pesquisa propõe uma leitura dos registros fotográficos referenciados no universo escolar presentes na documentação produzida pelo Governo do Espírito Santo, durante a administração de Jeronymo de Souza Monteiro, entre os anos 1908 e 1912. As fotografias inseridas na Mensagem final de governo encaminhada ao Congresso Legislativo, intitulada Exposição sobre os negócios do estado no quatriênio de 1908 a 1912 pelo Exmo. Sr. Dr. Jeronymo Monteiro presidente do estado durante o mesmo período constituem o corpus documental do trabalho. A pesquisa procura reconhecer como se operou a implementação do projeto educacional republicano no Espírito Santo durante a Primeira República, notadamente no governo de Jeronymo Monteiro, projeto este fortemente inspirado no modelo de reforma pedagógica e administrativa da área da Educação iniciado em São Paulo na década anterior. Consoante uma ideologia do progresso calcada em princípios do positivismo e do liberalismo que sustentavam todo o discurso republicano, a instrução pública era considerada área estratégica para superação do atraso econômico no qual se encontrava o Espírito Santo. Através das imagens, buscou-se verificar como as instituições escolares reproduziam as desigualdades vigentes na sociedade. Se, por vezes, complementam o discurso verbal, em outras ocasiões as imagens se contrapõem a esse mesmo discurso, trazendo informações diversas daquelas proferidas por meio de palavras. Este trabalho parte do princípio de que a fotografia não se constitui em um documento imparcial, muito pelo contrário: pressupõe o estabelecimento de um processo dialético e dialógico entre a realidade, o fotógrafo e o leitor.

Exercise is a prevailing topic in modern society as more people are pursuing a healthy lifestyle. Physical activities provide unimaginable benefits to human well-being from the inside out. 2D human pose estimation, action recognition and repetitive counting fields developed rapidly in the past several years. However, few works combined them together as a whole system to assist people in evaluating body poses, recognizing exercises and counting repetitive actions. The existing methods estimate pose positions first, and utilize human joints locations in the other two tasks. In this thesis, we propose a multitask system covering the three domains. Different from the methodology used in the literature, heatmaps which are the byproducts of 2D human pose estimation models are adopted for exercise recognition and counting. Recent heatmap processing methods are proven effective in extracting dynamic body pose information. Inspired by this, we propose a new deep-learning multitask model of exercise recognition & repetition counting, and apply these approaches to the multitask for the first time. To meet the needs of the multitask model, we create a new dataset Rep-Penn with action, counting and speed labels. A two-stage training strategy is applied in the training process. Our multitask system can estimate human pose, identify physical activities and count repeated motions. We achieved 95.69% accuracy in exercise recognition on Rep-Penn dataset. The multitask model also performed well in repetitive counting with 0.004 Mean Average Error (MAE) and 0.997 Off-By-One (OBO) accuracy on Rep-Penn dataset. Compared with existing frameworks, our method obtained state-of-the-art results.

Cette thèse traite de l’utilisation des technologies de Réalité Virtuelle (RV) dans les activités de Conception Assistée par Ordinateur (CAO). Plus précisément, les travaux de recherche portent sur une approche pour la modification directe et interactive d’objets CAO, notamment adaptée aux processus de conception en industrie. Généralement, les logiciels de CAO requièrent des compétences (expérience et connaissance), à la fois sur les fonctionnalités même du logiciel et les représentations utilisées, ainsi que sur les objets CAO concernés (principalement sur leur historique de construction, savoir de quelle façon ils ont été construits). D’un autre coté, la RV apporte de nouveaux paradigmes d’interaction 3d, tels que l’immersion et la perception multi-sensorimotrice (stéréoscopie, audio 3d, haptique, etc.), et il apparaît nécessaire de disposer de middleware intelligents pour gérer les objets CAO dans ces Environnements Virtuels (EV) immersifs. De précédents travaux ont proposé un mécanisme d’édition implicite d’objets CAO permettant la modification du Graphe d’Historique de Construction (GHC) de ces objets à partir de la manipulation de la représentation visuelle 3d de ces objets. Basé sur un processus d’étiquetage des éléments de frontière (B-Rep), et couplé avec un moteur d’inférence, ce mécanisme décrit un chaînage arrière entre ces éléments de frontières et les opérateurs d’un GHC. Cependant, cette approche avait pour limite majeure de proposer un modèle particulier de GHC, ce qui l’empêchait d’être intégrée à des systèmes CAO fermés ou commerciaux tels que ceux utilisés dans l’industrie et en particulier l’industrie automobile. Notre première contribution consiste donc en la proposition d’un modèle et d’une architecture permettant de généraliser ce mécanisme de chaînage arrière à n’importe quel système CAO basé sur les représentations de type B-Rep et GHC. Pour ce faire, nous avons spécifié plusieurs structures d’encapsulation pour la gestion des opérateurs du GHC ainsi que de leurs paramètres, et des composants de B-Rep. Deuxièmement, le précédent étiquetage, désormais attaché à ces structures d’encapsulation et non plus aux éléments de B-Rep directement, a été étendu pour permettre un chaînage arrière multiple. Certains éléments de frontières peuvent en effet être le résultat de plusieurs opérateurs du GHC, être liés à plusieurs éléments "parents", et ainsi plusieurs décisions peuvent être inférées à partir de leur manipulation. Ces avancées rendent possible la modification directe et intuitive d’objets CAO déjà existants (i.e. via le parcours et l’analyse de base de données CAO précédemment créées), en analysant leur GHC et en remplissant nos structures avec les données nécessaires. De plus, le mécanisme de chaînage arrière multiple renforce la capacité du moteur d’inférence, à libérer les utilisateurs, et spécialement les non-experts, de connaissances trop complexes à propos des modèles CAO. Comme preuve de concept de notre modèle, nous présentons un exemple détaillé de notre approche sur le noyau géométrique de CATIA et montrons comment notre modèle permet d’envisager un nouveau concept d’interaction en revue de projet immersive : permettre aux participants de modifier directement les modèles CAO sans quelque interaction sur station de travail. / This thesis addresses the use of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in the activities of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). More precisely, this research focuses on an approach for direct and interactive modifications of CAD objects, an approach which might be adapted to the conception process in industry. Usually, CAD software requires some skills (experience and knowledge), on the software’s functionalities and representations, as well as on CAD objects (principally on their design history, on the way they were built). Moreover, VR technologies bring new interactive paradigms of 3D interaction, such as immersion and multi-sensorimotor perception stereoscopy, 3D audio, haptics, and so on), and one needs intelligent middleware to manage CAD objects in these immersive Virtual Environments (VE). Some previous work proposed a mechanism allowing implicit edition of CAD objects, from the manipulation of their 3D visual representations. Based on a technique of Boundary Representations (B-Rep) elements labelling, and coupled with an inference engine, this mechanism describes a backward chaining of B-Rep elements towards the operators of a dedicated model of Constructive History Graphs (CHG). However, this approach had a major limitation: since it was based on a specific model of CHG, its integration within commercial CAD softwares used in industry (and especially in automotive industry) was far from obvious. Our first contribution is then to propose a data model and an architecture to generalize this backward chaining mechanism to any of CAD system based on B-Rep and CHG representations. In order to do that, we have designed several encapsulations structures, to manage CHG operators and their parameters, and the B-Rep components. Secondly, the previous labelling, now attached to these structures, has been extended to enable a multi backward chaining. Actually, some B-Rep elements may be the result of several CHG operators, and thus, several decisions may be inferred from their manipulation. These improvements make possible to have direct and interactive modifications of existing CAD objects by parsing their CHG to fill our structures with useful data. Moreover, the multi backward chaining mechanism reinforces the ability of the inference engine to free users, especially non-expert ones, from too complex understandings on CAD models. As a proof of concept of our model, we present an detailed example of our approach on the geometric kernel of CATIA and we show how one can consider new concepts of interaction during immersive project reviews: to allow participants to directly modify CAD objects without any interaction on desktop workstation.

Les propriétés de symétrie d'un objet représenté sous la forme d'un modèle B-Rep CAO sont analysées localement et globalement à travers une approche de type diviser pour conquérir. La surface frontière de l'objet est décrite à partir de surfaces canoniques fréquemment utilisées dans les formes de composants mécaniques. La première phase de l'analyse consiste en la génération de faces et d'arêtes maximales indépendantes du processus de modélisation de l'objet mais préservant ses propriétés de symétrie. Ces faces et arêtes constituent des ensembles infinis de points traités globalement. La seconde phase est l'étape de division consistant en la création de plan et axes de symétrie de candidats pour les faces et arêtes maximales générées précédemment. Enfin, suit l'étape de propagation de ces plans et axes de symétrie représentant la phase de conquête et déterminant les propriétés de symétrie locales et globales de l'objet et caractérisant ses zones non-symétriques. / Symmetry properties of objects described as B-Rep CAD models are analyzed locally as well as globally through an approach of type divide-and-conquer. The boundary of the object is defined using canonical surfaces frequently used when shaping mechanical components. Then, the first phase consists in generating maximal faces and edges that are independent from the object modelling process but that preserve its symmetry properties. These faces and edges form infinite sets of points that are processed globally. The second phase is the division one that creates candidate symmetry planes and axes attached to the previous maximal edges and faces. Finally, comes the propagation step of these candidate symmetry planes and axes forming the conquer phase that determines the local as well as the global symmetries of the object while characterizing its asymmetric areas.

Orientador: Laura Maria Mariscal Ottoboni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos_Camila_M.pdf: 4715140 bytes, checksum: f65583df741bb75c1b397fb4581da9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Coliformes e enterococos fecais de origem humana ou animal na água podem indicar a presença de patógenos de veiculação hídrica como, por exemplo, Salmonella e Giardia. A identificação da fonte de contaminação fecal (lançamento de esgoto doméstico, escoamento de fezes animais de criação no solo, de animais silvestres, aves e outros) é importante para a implantação de medidas efetivas de gerenciamento e remediação de águas superficiais. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de métodos para identificação da fonte de contaminação fecal é de fundamental importância para as ações de controle, para preservar a integridade dos corpos d'água e para proteger a saúde da população. Até o momento, não existe um método único e universal para este tipo de análise e, no Brasil, as pesquisas nessa área são praticamente nulas. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção de marcadores moleculares hospedeiro-específicos em Escherichia coli, que permitam a identificação da fonte animal de contaminação fecal em águas superficiais. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas 174 linhagens de origem humana, 50 de origem bovina, 39 de origem suína, 16 de origem aviária, 29 de origem ovina, 16 de origem caprina, 44 de esgoto, 36 de reservatórios com contaminação esperada de origem humana e 30 de rios e reservatórios com contaminação esperada de origem animal. A determinação do grupo filogenético de todas as linhagens foi realizada pela detecção dos genes chuA e yjaA e do fragmento Tspe4.C2 por PCR. Os resultados mostraram que a distribuição dos grupos filogenéticos principais A, B1, B2 e D foi diferente entre os hospedeiros analisados, o que permitiu a predição da fonte de contaminação fecal da maioria dos pontos de amostragem. Cem linhagens de humanos e todas as linhagens de origem animal foram analisadas por BOX- e (GTG)5-PCR. O BOX-PCR apresentou uma taxa global de classificação correta de 63,70%, o (GTG)5-PCR de 49,10% e quando os dois métodos foram utilizados a taxa foi de 57,61%. Outras 32 linhagens de humanos e 28 de esgoto também foram analisadas por BOX-PCR, sendo que, 59,4% das linhagens de humanos foram corretamente classificadas e 85,2% das linhagens de esgoto foram classificadas como de humanos. Vinte linhagens de humanos, 15 de bois e 16 de galinhas foram analisadas por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Utilizando-se um modelo PLS-DA com a segunda derivada do espectro na região 2816 e 3026 cm-1 foi possível separar completamente as linhagens segundo sua origem animal. Assim sendo, a espectroscopia FT-IR foi considerada a técnica mais promissora para futuros estudos de rastreamento de fonte de contaminação fecal. / Abstract: The detection of fecal coliforms and enterecocci in water indicates the presence of waterborne pathogens such as Salmonella and Giardia. The identification of the source of fecal contamination is important for the effective management of superficial water pollution. The development of methods for the identification of the source of fecal contamination is essential to preserve the quality of the water systems and to protect the public health. Until now, there is no universal method for this analysis and, in Brazil, there is no research in this area. In this way, the aim of this work was to obtain host-specific molecular markers in Escherichia coli for the identification of the source of fecal contamination in superficial water. For this work it was used, 174 strains from humans, 50 from cows, 39 from pigs, 29 from sheep, 16 from goat, 16 from chickens, 44 from sewage, 36 from water reservoirs whose the expected contamination source is human and 30 from water reservoirs and rivers whose the expected contamination source is animal. The determination of the phylogenetic groups of all strains was performed by the detection of the genes chuA and yjaA and the fragment Tspe4.C2 by PCR. The results showed that the distribution of the phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2 and D differs among the hosts analyzed, which allowed the prediction of the contamination source of most of the environmental samples. One hundred strains from humans, 50 from cows, 39 from pigs, 29 from sheep, 16 from goat and 16 from chickens were analyzed by BOX- and (GTG)5-PCR. The BOX-PCR presented an overall rate of correct assignment of 63.70%, the (GTG)5-PCR of 49.10% and, when the two methods were used, the rate was 57.61%. Thirty two other strains from humans and 28 strains from sewage were analyzed by BOX-PCR and compared with the profiles previously obtained. 59.4% of the human strains were correctly assigned as human and 85.2% of the sewage strains were assigned as human. Twenty strains from humans, 15 from cows and 16 from chickens were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The use of a PLS-DA model with the second derivative of spectra at the region 2816 and 3026 cm-1 made it possible to completely discriminate the strains according to the animal source. Therefore, the FT-IR spectroscopy was considered the most promising method for the identification of fecal contamination. / Mestrado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

La présente étude a donc été entreprise afin d'obtenir de nouvelles informations sur les mécanismes de fissuration d’un acier inoxydable 304L en milieu primaire REP en fatigue.Plus précisément, le premier objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'effet de différentes conditions de pré écrouissage sur le comportement cyclique et sur la durée de vie en air et en milieu primaire. En air, un pré écrouissage tend à réduire la durée de vie dans le domaine de la fatigue oligocyclique et à l’augmenter dans le domaine du grand nombre de cycles. En milieu primaire cette diminution de durée de vie n’apparaît pas. Le second objectif porte sur l'effet de l'air et du milieu primaire sur les mécanismes de fissuration (amorçage et propagation) dans le cas du matériau recuit dans le domaine de la fatigue oligocyclique. Ainsi, des cinétiques d’amorçage et de propagation de fissures ont été évaluées via une approche microscopique multi échelles dans ces deux environnements. En milieu primaire au cours des premiers cycles, une oxydation préférentielle en couche se produit dans l’alignement d’une bande de cisaillement dense en dislocations dissociées. Puis, au cours du cyclage, la microstructure évolue vers une structure de type micromaclage. Le processus d’oxydation progresse par cisaillement de l’oxyde et dissolution du métal en pointe de fissure. Au-delà d'une certaine profondeur de fissure (<3μm), la fissure se réoriente à un angle de 90° par rapport à la surface. La fissure continue sa propagation par génération successive de bandes de cisaillement à chaque cycle jusqu'à la rupture.Ces processus de fissuration ont ensuite discutés au travers du rôle potentiel de l’hydrogène de corrosion. / The present study was undertaken in order to get further insights on cracking mechanisms in a304L stainless steel.More precisely, a first objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various coldworking conditions on the cyclic stress-strain behavior and the fatigue life in air and in PWR primaryenvironment. In air a prior hardening was found to reduce the fatigue life in the LCF regime but not inprimary environment. In both environments, the fatigue limit of the hardened materials was increasedafter cold working.The second objective addresses the effect of the air and the PWR primary environments onthe cracking mechanisms (initiation and propagation) in the annealed material in the LCF regime.More precisely, the kinetics of crack initiation and micro crack propagation were evaluated with amulti scale microscopic approach in air and in primary environment.In PWR primary environment, during the first cycles, preferential oxidation occurs alongemerging dissociated dislocation and each cycle generates a new C-rich/Fe-rich oxide layer. Then,during cycling, the microstructure evolves from stacking fault into micro twinning and preferentialoxidation occurs by continuous shearing and dissolution of the passive film. Beyond a certain crackdepth (<3μm), the crack starts to propagate with a direction close to a 90° angle from the surface. Thecrack continues its propagation by successive generation of shear bands and fatigue striations at eachcycle up to failure.The role of corrosion hydrogen on these processes is finally discussed.

Denna uppsats har utförts som ett kandidatarbete vid Textilingenjörsutbildningen på Textilhögskolan i Borås. Arbetets uppdrag gavs av Svenska Sjöräddnings-sällskapets innovations- avdelning i Göteborg och syftade till att försöka utveckla ett sjöräddningsrep med mindre motstånd i vatten, och därigenom underlätta och minimera energiåtgång vid sjöräddning. Idag används bland annat kastlinor med en mindre diamter för att hjälpa människor över bord men även rep med grövre diameter och tvärsnitt används som till exempel bogser-trossar för att hjälpa båtar i nöd. Repen ser olika ut gällande repkonstruktion, utvecklingsarbetet ämnade att kombinera dessa två sorters rep till ett nytt ”universalrep” för sjöräddning med ett mindre motstånd i vatten. Rep som används för att rädda liv ställer höga krav på hållfasthet och användning inom marin utomhusmiljö påverkar beslut gällande konstruktion och material- val. Uppsatsen utfördes genom en marknadsundersökning och litteraturstudie. I marknadsundersökningen utfördes bland annat intervjuer med expertanvändare och undersökning av repstandarder. Informationen som samlades in kunde ligga till grund för kravspecifikationen. Konceptet utformades med hjälp av marknadsundersökningen och litteraturstudie genom till exempel fördjupning i ämnet hydrodynamik. Detta gav viktig information om vad som påverkar ett reps motstånd i vatten. Arbetet resulterade i en kravspecifikation och ett koncept för ett nytt ”universalrep” med mindre motstånd i vatten ämnat för sjöräddning. Konceptet innefattar en rad tekniska lösningar för att uppnå de krav och önskemål som erhållits från intervjuer med expertanvändarna. Till exempel skall repet ha en minimerad slät diameter, god brott-styrka och högpresterande materialval skall användas så som Dyneema och PTFE-behandlade fibrer. / Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen