Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tatiana Sloukgi Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and their sulfated conjugates on blood vessels ex vivo. Silymarin flavonolignans have recently shown some positive effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we studied the vasodilatory effect on rat aorta ex vivo of three silymarin conjugates, silybin A-20-sulfate, silybin B-20-sulfate and 2,3- dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and one parent flavonolignan 2,3- dehydrosilychristin. For each substance, a concentration response curve was created and the concentration that produces 50% of maximum relaxation was determined (EC50). All substances exerted very low or no vasodilatory activity. Finally, we focused on the mechanism of action of silybin A. We tested whether its vasorelaxant activity depends on the presence of intact endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of silybin A on isolated rat aorta ex vivo was clearly endothelium-dependent.

Dissertation submined in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Educationis in the Department of Educational Psychology of the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 1998. / The aims of this investigation were: * To pursue a study of relevant literature of the life-world of the black child in the ex-Model *C schools. * In the light of the findings obtained from the literature study formulate recommendations which could serve as guidelines according to which accountable support can be instituted in order to meet the needs of the black learner in "ex-Model *C* schools" who may be experiencing educational distress. As an introduction the nature and dynamics of the black child in ex-Model 'C schools are analyzed and discussed with an aim to state the problem clearly. From a psychopedagogical perspective the black child in ex-Model 'C schools often experience educational distress mainly due to the fact that the black learner has been perpetually subjected to educational neglect. Black learners during the apartheid era developed psychological and emotional problems which manifested in dysfunctional relationships with themselves, educators and educational authorities. The typical black child during the apartheid period was characterised by, inter aliay a sense of inadequacy, inferiority, hatred, envy, jealousy and racial prejudices. The educational products of apartheid education in many black communities, were unemployed, frustrated and highly politicised militant adolescents, who stumble though life with a feeling of insecurity, a lack of self-confidence and opposed to any form of authority. They have a a sense of impending failure, which encourages black learners to wander aimlessly along the road of violence, alcohol and substance abuse as wel! as sexual promiscuity. Education as a true human activity which finds its actualization in the relationship between adult and child is examined more closely. From a psychopedagogical perspective the black learner in ex-Model 'C schools finds himself in a situation of dysfunctional education mainly because his live-experiencing of education in ex-Model *C schools is often without adequate assistance and guidance of a responsible parent, or adult. This results in the psychic life of the black learner in ex-Model 'C schools being under-actualised. The inadequate adult intervention and guidance, which are based on the pedagogical principles of love, trust, understanding and authority, result in the black learner forming relationships within his life-world which are inadequate for his emancipation. Thus, the black learner, more often than not, fails to constitute a meaningful life-world in ex-Model *C* schools. At present, only a few supporting services exist in ex-Model 'C* schools, unfortunately these support services are not compatible or commensurate with the needs of historically, economically and environmentally deprived black learners. Support services which endeavour to rehabilitate family relations, eliminate hindrances to successful learning and supervises those who are offered assistance, are desperately needed. The fact that the black learner is a "child" that should be assisted by parents and the school in his transition process of becoming, is at present not given enough attention in ex-Model 'C* schools. There is a lack of the suitably qualified personnel and funds to offer the needed support by the existing support services. The findings of this research hence recommends the following: * School preparedness of the ex-Model TC school to accommodate all races. * Academic support for black learners at ex-Model *C* schools. * Compulsory guidance and counselling for all black learners at ex-Model X' schools. Establishment of school clinics to assist the black learner in particular. Guidance and involvement programmes at ex-Model 'C schools for black parents. Adequate pre-service and in-service preparation of teachers for ex-Model 'C schools for multi-racial education. Further research into this aspect of multi-cultural education.

Aktiemarknaden uppfattas som effektiv då aktiepriset faller i paritet med utdelningen på ex-dagen. Tidigare studier ger belägg för att aktiepriset faller med mindre än utdelningen. Att aktiepriset faller med mindre än utdelningsbeloppet på ex-dagen utgör ex-dagseffekten och innebär en avvikande avkastning för aktier kring ex-dagen. Ex-dagseffektens existens har genom historien undersökts och det råder delade meningar kring dess uppkomst och existens. Skattehypotesen, kortsiktiga handelshypotesen, mikrostrukturhypotesen och dispositions-effekten är fyra olika förklaringar till ex-dagseffektens uppkomst som ligger till grund för denna studie. Hypoteserna analyseras i samband med tidigare utförda studier och sedan dras slutsatsen att skattehypotesen är den mest uppmärksammade förklaringen till ex-dagseffekten. / The stock market is perceived as efficient under the presumption that stock prices falls in parity with the dividends on the ex-dividend day. Earlier researches establish that stock prices rather falls with less than the amount of the dividend. The phenomen that the stock prices falls with less than the dividend constitutes the ex-div effect and implicate an abnormal return on the ex-dividend day. The existence of the ex-div effect has been examined through the history and there are shared opinions about its origin and existence. The tax hypothesis, the short-term trading hypothesis, the microstructure hypothesis and the disposition effect are four different explanations of the ex-div effect that forms the basis of this study. The hypotheses are analyzed in conjunction with earlier researches and the conclusion of the study is that the tax hypothesis is the most common explanation for the ex-div effect.

Ex-dagseffekten innebär att en akties pris faller med ett mindre belopp än utdelningsbeloppetpå ex-dagen, den första dagen en aktie handlas exklusive rätt till utdelning. Fenomenet har noterats på marknader över hela världen och är ett exempel på en ineffektivitet enligt den effektiva marknadshypotesen. Denna studie använder en marknadsjusterad prisfallskvot för att undersöka ex-dagseffekten på stockholmsbörsen under perioden 2015 - 2019. Resultaten visar att det finns en ex-dagseffekt på stockholmsbörsen, då aktiepriserna i snitt faller med 74% av utdelningsbeloppet. Denna effekt skiljer sig också åt mellan sektorer, där den marknadsjusterade prisfallskvoten rör sig från 0,53 till 0,98.

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In this thesis, Giddens' theory of structuration is employed in an analysis of the ghetto of ex-psychiatric patients in Hamilton, Ontario. A review of the main concepts of of structuration theory forms the basis for a theoretical model of the structuration of urban space that considers both the individual agent and the social system as equal partners in the production and reproduction of the urban built environment. From this general model, methodologies are developed for institutional analysis and an analysis of strategic conduct. The institutional analysis enables an understanding of the ghetto as the unintended outcome of deinstitutionalization policy. An examination of the city of Hamilton's attempt to dismantle the ghetto focuses on the strategic conduct of the actors in the policy-making process, and provides insight as to why the city's attempt has thus far proved unsuccessful in halting the ghettoization of ex-patients. The study demonstrates the theoretical and empirical utility of structuration theory in providing an analysis that considers the complex interrelationships of system, structure, agency, time and space. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Legal Regulation of Animal Protection Ex Situ in USA and the Czech Republic This thesis aims to compare the legislation of animal protection ex situ in the Czech Republic and USA. The content is systematically divided in two sections. First section focuses on different law systems, which is international, national and local legislation. Second section explains the law used in different institutions that provide ex situ protection, such as zoos, aquariums, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. The thesis describes different legal approaches and uses several examples for a practical comparison. In its conclusion the thesis sums up the negatives and positives of each legislation and their overall quality and efficiency. The thesis also points out some of the desirable solutions to some current problems and a possible development in the area.

O aumento da incidência do câncer de pele está associado à maior exposição à luz solar e a adoção de ações de proteção ao Sol é uma estratégia para minimizar os níveis cumulativos de danos à pele. Os raios ultravioletas (UV), ao alcançarem o tecido cutâneo, podem causar eritema, inflamação, fotoenvelhecimento, formação de rugas e imunossupressão, entre outros, devido à formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO´s). A formação de ERO´s, como o oxigênio singleto, radical ânion superóxido, peróxido de hidrogênio e radical hidroxil, elevam o risco dos danos foto-oxidativos. O desequilíbrio entre a formação de ERO´s e os mecanismos antioxidantes do organismo desencadeia o estresse oxidativo. Na pele, as ERO´s são as responsáveis pelo dano oxidativo no DNA, proteínas e lipídeos. Identificar e quantificar biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo cutâneo é essencial para a correlação entre os raios UV e seus efeitos. Deve-se isto, em parte, à limitação de métodos para quantificar os parâmetros que são diretamente afetados pela exposição aos raios UV, tais como a peroxidação lipídica. São necessários métodos complementares para avaliação da eficácia de fotoprotetores perante os danos causados por este tipo de estresse. Esta pesquisa projeto compreendeu a avaliação ex vivo da eficácia de filtros solares UVB por meio da quantificação da peroxidação lipídica proveniente do estrato córneo removido por tape stripping. Foram preparados sistemas emulsionados do tipo O/A com os filtros octocrileno, metoxicinamato de octila e salicilato de octila. A caracterização funcional da eficácia fotoprotetora in vitro demonstrou que o filtro octocrileno manteve-se estável, mesmo após exposição solar artificial. Os filtros octocrileno (10% p/p), metoxicinamato de octila (10% p/p) e salicilato de octila (5% p/p) alcançaram, após irradiância, respectivamente, os valores de FPS 5,7 ± 2,1; 4,7 ± 1,5 e 1,0± 0,0. As formulações foram utilizadas na avaliação da eficácia fotoprotetora ex vivo. O método por CLAE, para quantificação da peroxidação lipídica no estrato córneo, possuiu linearidade e demonstrou exatidão e precisão satisfatórias. O estresse pela radiação UV desencadeou a peroxidação lipídica no estrato córneo. Em função do protocolo aplicado, não houve diferenças entre as amostras. A eficácia, com relação à inibição da peroxidação lipídica, foi similar em todas as amostras. / The increasing of incidence of skin cancer is associated with greater exposure to sunlight and the adoption of sun protection actions is a strategy to minimize cumulative levels of skin damage. Ultraviolet (UV) rays, when they reach the cutaneous tissue, can cause erythema, inflammation, photoaging, wrinkling and immunosuppression, among other things, due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formation of ROS, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, raise the risk of photooxidative damage. The variation between the formation of ROS and the antioxidant mechanisms of the organism triggers oxidative stress. In the skin, ROS are responsible for oxidative damage in DNA, proteins and lipids. Identifying and quantifying biomarkers of cutaneous oxidative stress is essential for the correlation between UV rays and their effects. This is partially due to the limitation of methods for quantifying parameters that are directly affected by exposure to UV rays, such as lipid peroxidation. Complementary methods are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of photoprotectors because of the damage caused by this type of stress. This research project had the ex vivo evaluation of the efficacy of UVB sunscreens by quantifying the lipid peroxidation from the stratum corneum removed by tape stripping. Emulsified O/A type systems were prepared with the octocrylene, octyl methoxycinnamate and octyl salicylate filters. The functional characterization of photoprotective efficacy in vitro revealed that the octocrylene filter remained stable even after artificial sun exposure. Octocrylene (10% w / w), octyl methoxycinnamate (10% w / w) and octyl salicylate (5% w / w) respectively reached the values of FPS 5.7 ± 2.1; 4.7 ± 1.5 and 1.0 ± 0.0. The formulations were used in the evaluation of ex vivo photoprotective efficacy. The method by HPLC, for quantification of the lipid peroxidation in the stratum corneum, had linearity and demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and precision. UV radiation stress triggered lipid peroxidation in the stratum corneum. Due to the protocol applied, there were no differences between the samples. The efficacy, compared to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, was similar in all samples.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAELLE SETUBAL GOMES DE ABREU.pdf: 5679517 bytes, checksum: ce2793fe9661b680d82e7e5fff25454d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-08 / This dissertation tries to develop a reflection about Ex-vows of Trindade Goiás, first of all, as an object and source searching the history of Catholic religious devotion at the beginning of the century XIX, and secondly, seeking to understand the vows as a manifestation of a devotion, as a representation of life and a survival day to day in the context of Popular Culture. The belief, their manifestations, the devotion expressed in the payoffs to Divino Pai Eterno happen in several ways: strands of hair, photographs, pieces of clothing ... So the way to cultural historian is to rescue these events and devotions and extend the areas of historical research in order to allow the objects produced by man - woman (his life material) were investigated and studied. The ex-vows a source, allow a contact with some aspects of popular religiosity, and also important to the development of cultural studies. At the core of this dissertation, we reveal the mixture of belief, mystery and mystique of the expression of ex votes in the health context for the search of prosperity, the disease, the search for a shelter, in a society where large proportion is devoid of any kind of support to provide the health, safety, prosperity, and on the other hand, a constant charge of all this, being a society extremely competitive and challenging and advocated a social and emotional distress. The devotee thus finds in the saints of devotion or in other forms of devotion to the possibility of withdrawing from their shoulders the burden of driving to the helplessness of a life time. / A presente dissertação procura desenvolver uma reflexão sobre os Ex-votos de Trindade-Goiás, em primeiro lugar como objeto e fonte de busca da história da devoção religiosa católica no início do século XXI, e em segundo lugar, buscando entender os ex votos como manifestação de uma devoção, de uma representação da vida e da sobrevivência cotidiana no contexto da Cultura Popular. A crença, suas manifestações, a devoção expressa nas retribuições ao Divino Pai Eterno ocorrem de diversas maneiras: mechas de cabelo, fotografias, peças de roupas... Sendo assim, o caminho para o historiador cultural é o de resgatar tais manifestações e devoções e alargar os domínios da pesquisa histórica, de forma a permitir que os objetos produzidos pelo homem-mulher (toda a sua vida material) fossem investigados e estudados. Os ex-votos como fonte, permitem um contato com alguns aspectos da religiosidade popular, sendo importante para o desenvolvimento também dos Estudos Culturais. No bojo dessa dissertação, procuramos desvelar o misto de crença, mistério e mística da expressão dos ex votos no contexto da saúde, da busca de prosperidade, da doença, da busca de um amparo, numa sociedade em que grande parcela se encontra desprovida de qualquer tipo de apoio para prover a saúde , a segurança , a prosperidade, tendo por outro lado, uma constante cobrança de tudo isso, por ser uma sociedade extremamente competitiva e desafiadora e propugnadora de um desamparo social e afetivo. O devoto assim, encontra nos santos de devoção ou em outras formas de devoção a possibilidade de retirar de seus ombros o peso da condução de uma vida ao desamparo.