Limitadores ópticos são dispositivos que apresentam alta transmitância para baixas intensidades de luz incidente e, inversamente, baixa transmitância para altas intensidades, sendo usados como protetores contra danos em sensores ópticos e olhos humanos. Com o objetivo de estudarmos novos materiais com mecanismos não lineares eficientes para o processo de limitação, bem como novas geometrias ópticas, apresentamos neste trabalho o desenvolvimento de um limitador óptico baseado na absorção saturada reversa de porfirinas e metaloporfirinas. Construímos também um dispositivo baseado na configuração óptica bifocal, usando porfirina como absorvedor saturável reverso. Além disso, obtivemos parâmetros espectroscópicos do estado excitado pelos ajustes teóricos das curvas de transmitância, através da resolução de equações de taxa. / Optical limiters are devices with a high transmittance in the presence of low intensity light, and a considerable lower transmittance otherwise, been used as protectors against damage in optical sensors and human eyes. Aiming at searching for new materials and optical geometries efficient for optical limiting. We report on the development of an optical limiter based on the reverse saturable absorption in porphyrin and metalioporphyrins. We also built a device-based .on a cascade focus configuration, using free base porphyrin as the absorber. Besides, we obtain the excited state spectroscopy parameters by the theoretical fitting of transmittance curves, by solving a set of rate equations.

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Neste trabalho, métodos ab initio multiconfiguracionais de alto nível com extenso conjunto base e inclusão de correções relativísticas foram empregados para estudar vários sistemas diatômicos contendo metais de transição. As abordagens de Teoria de Pertur- bação de Segunda Ordem Multiconfiguracional (CASPT2) ou sua versão Multi-State (MS-CASPT2), baseadas em funções de onda do tipo Complete-Active-Space Self- Consistent-Field (CASSCF) foram utilizadas, com o conjunto base do tipo Orbitais Naturais contraídas em ambiente relativístico (ANO - RCC) com qualidade quádrupla- , para se estudar esses sistemas. Em relação aos dímeros de metais de transição homonucleares (Re2, Tc2, Ta2, Mo2 e W2), caracterizamos seu estado fundamental e diversos estados excitados através das curvas de energia potencial, constantes espectroscópicas e ordens de ligação efetiva. Todos os dímeros estudados por nós apresentam multiplicidades de ligação acima de quatro. Para esses sistemas também estudamos os efeitos do desdobramento causado pelo acoplamento spin-órbita com o intuito de determinar inequivocadamente a simetria do estado fundamental e, também, de auxiliar na interpretação dos espectros experimentais, quando existentes. Sobre as diatômicas formadas pela junção de um átomo de metal de transição e um elemento do grupo principal, enfocamos principalmente os nitretos e os boretos de metais de transição (CoN, MnN, TcN e RhB). Da mesma maneira, os sistemas foram descritos em termos de suas curvas de energia potencial e constantes espectroscópicas e foram comparadas com outros resultados teóricos e experimentais. Todas as moléculas estudadas nessa parte são caracterizadas por ligações triplas, com um par de elétrons sobre o átomo não metálico e os elétrons restantes localizados sobre o metal, acoplados de diferentes formas / In this work, high level ab initio multiconfigurational methods with extensive basis set and inclusion of relativistic e¤ects were employed to study several diatomic systems containing transition metals. The Multiconfiguration Second Order Perturbation Theory (CASPT2) or its Multi-State version (MS-CASPT2) approaches, based on Complete- Active-Space Self-Consistent-Field (CASSCF), were employed, with the Atomic Natural Orbital contracted in a relativistic environment (ANO-RCC) with quadruple- quality, in order to study these systems. In relation to the homonuclear dimers of transition metals atoms (Re2, Tc2, Ta2, Mo2, and W2), we have characterized their ground state and several excited states through potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants and e¤ective bond orders. All dimers we studied have the multiplicity of the chemical bond above four. To these kind of systems, we have also studied the splitting caused by spin-orbit coupling with the the aim of determine the symmetry of the ground state and help in the interpretation of the experimental spectras. About the diatomic formed by joining of a transition metal atom and an atom of the main group, we have focused, mainly, the transition metal nitrites and borides (CoN, MnN, TcN, and RhB) In the same way, these systems were described in terms of their potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants and wavefunctions and we have com- pared to other theoretical and experimental results. All molecules studied in this part were characterized as triple bonded, with a pair of electrons on the non–metalic center and the remaining electrons localized on the metal, coupled on di¤erent forms

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23160号 / 工博第4804号 / 新制||工||1751(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 関 修平, 教授 今堀 博, 教授 梶 弘典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

About 85% of the world’s energy is derived from non-renewable sources—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Solar photocatalysis is one way to potentially generate cheap renewable fuels by harnessing energy from the sun using a photosensitizer and converting it into chemical energy. The efficiency of a photosensitizer depends on its capacity to form a prolonged triplet excited state. Zinc dipyrrin complexes have the potential to be efficient sensitizers for reductive photochemistry, but their ability to form long-lived triplet excited states still needs extensive research. The overall aim of this research is to probe the role charge separation plays in the formation of triplet state in metal complexes of dipyrrin photosensitizers. The specific objectives are to synthesize and characterize zinc and boron dipyrrin complexes, analyze their photophysical properties—such as steady state spectroscopy, low temperature emission spectroscopy—and quantify their triplet states using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.

The threshold potentials were determined for the excitation energy necessary for low energy electrons to induce chemical reactions of carbon monoxide, and of nitric oxide adsorbed on a gold surface. The reactions were studied as a function of temperature (100 °C to 200 °C) and pressure (1.83 x 10-5 to 6.40 x 10-4 torr). The electron source was a thorium oxide coated iridium filament which was heated by a current between 1A and 3A to keep thermal distribution of the electrons to less than 0.4 ev. The reaction surface was a polycrystalline evaporated film prepared by subliming gold onto a stainless steel mesh support. Mass analysis was done by quadrupole mass spectrometry in a flow system. The general results of the research is that a technique has been developed to study the products of reactions of excited state atoms or molecules on metal surfaces. The electron-impact excitation method is an alternative to photochemical and other methods.

In this work, a study of a recent approach in the design of light-driven molecular motors is presented. The approach involves enabling part of the motor to obtain aromatic-like properties through photoexcitation, and is found to significantly facilitate the rotary motion by reducing the barriers normally present in the excited-state potential energy surfaces of rotary motors.

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Covalent SP3-hybridization defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been prevalent in recent experimental and theoretical studies for their interesting photophysical properties. These systems are able to act as excellent sources of single, infrared photons, even at room temperature, making them marketable for applications to sensing, telecommunications, and quantum information. This work was motivated by recent experimental studies on controllable defect placement and concentration as well as investigating carrier multiplication (CM) using DFT-based many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) methods to describe excitonic relaxation processes. We find that pristine CNTs do not yield appreciable MEG at the minimum threshold of twice the optical gap 2Eg, but covalent functionalization allows for improved MEG at the threshold. Finally, we see that defect-defect interactions within CNT systems can be modeled simply as HJ-aggregates in an effective Hamiltonian model, which is shown to be valid for certain, highly-redshifted defect configurations at low defect-defect separation lengths.

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