Thesis (Ph . D.)--Andhra University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

ix, 120 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Gene duplication underlies the evolution of many protein functions and is a known stimulus for molecular innovation. Many models exist to explain the maintenance of duplicate genes in the genome and the dynamics that drive the evolution of novel protein functions; few if any of these models, however, incorporate knowledge of how protein structures and functions actually evolve. A growing body of work on the historical mechanisms of molecular evolution and the ways in which proteins evolve in the lab has provided profound insights into the ways in which proteins respond to mutation, selection, and drift. Evolutionary models of duplicate gene evolution could greatly benefit from the knowledge gained from these mechanistic studies of protein evolution. My dissertation seeks to address this gap in knowledge by reconstructing the process by which novel steroid signaling pathways evolved after gene duplication. I focus specifically on a class of hormones called corticosteroids--critical regulators of the stress response, metabolism, and immunity--and the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors that mediate the steroid response. Both the enzymes that synthesize corticosteroids and the hormone receptors are the result of ancient gene duplication events, and I make use of methods in phylogenetics, molecular biology, and structural biology to reconstruct the mechanisms and dynamics by which they evolved. This dissertation comprises three separate but complementary studies that illuminate the origins of corticosteroid signaling. In the first project, I show how lineage-specific steroid signaling arose in elasmobranchs as a novel hormone exploited the structural promiscuity of preexistent receptors. Next, I describe how degenerative and stabilizing mutations defined the divergence of the glucocorticoid receptor after gene duplication. And finally, I use phylogenetic and functional analyses to reconstruct the origins of corticosteroid synthesis with the duplication of enzymes in the steroid synthesis pathway. Together, I provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the evolution of corticosteroid signaling. This work also highlights specific evolutionary mechanisms--molecular exploitation, structural and functional promiscuity, degenerative mutations, and stabilizing mutations--that could drive the evolution of novel protein functions after gene duplication. This dissertation includes both previously published and unpublished co-authored materials. / Committee in charge: Patrick Phillips, Chairperson, Biology; Joseph Thornton, Advisor, Biology; William Cresko, Member, Biology; John Postlethwait, Member, Biology; Kenneth Prehoda, Outside Member, Chemistry

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A prostituição infanto-juvenil tornou-se um fenômeno independente da adulta nos idos de 1990, tanto em nível nacional quanto internacional. Percebida sob os signos da gravidade e da urgência, suscitou denúncias, intervenções e saberes especializados. Na busca por compreender as condições de surgimento desses novos discursos, seus fundamentos e perspectivas hegemônicas acerca da prostituição infanto-juvenil, a presente dissertação percorre quatro etapas. Inicialmente, elabora uma genealogia das três principais fontes brasileiras sobre a exploração sexual na década de mil novecentos e noventa: documentos do CECRIA, a série de reportagens Meninas Escravizadas da Folha de S. Paulo e a CPI da Prostituição Infantil de 1993. Sob inspiração foucaultiana, elabora nova genealogia, agora sobre o sexo, em sua relação com o cristianismo, o direito e as ciências humanas e médicas. Visando a perceber novos olhares sobre a prostituição infanto-juvenil, em seguida ouve prostitutas adultas, uma militante dos direitos das prostitutas e também adolescentes envolvidas com o mercado sexual. A última etapa, de feições ensaísticas, constitui uma tentativa de vislumbrar possibilidades para uma sexualidade mais livre e de apontar trajetórias mais interessantes para a prostituição adulta e infanto-juvenil / The juvenile prostitution became an adult independent phenomenon in the 1990s, both nationally and internationally. Being realized by its gravity and urgency, it aroused denunciations, interventions, and specialized skills. This dissertation covers four stages which aim to understand the conditions in which these new discourses have sprouted as well as their foundations, and the juvenile prostitution perspectives. Initially, it elaborates a genealogy of the three main Brazilian sources about the sexual exploration in the 1990s: documents of the Child and Adolescent Center for Reference, Study and Action (CECRIA); the series of news articles entitled Slaved Girls from Folha de São Paulo; and the investigations conducted by the legislative branch (CPI) about the juvenile prostitution in 1993. Keeping the Foucaultion inspiration, it elaborates a new genealogy, but now about the sex in relation to the Christianity, the human rights, and the medical and human sciences. Some adult prostitutes, a militant of the prostitutes rights, and adolescents involved in the sexual market were heard with the aim of realizing new views on the juvenile prostitution. The last stage, with essayistic features, constitutes an attempt of glimpsing possibilities for a freer sexuality, and of pointing at more interesting paths for the adult and the juvenile prostitution

A prostituição infanto-juvenil tornou-se um fenômeno independente da adulta nos idos de 1990, tanto em nível nacional quanto internacional. Percebida sob os signos da gravidade e da urgência, suscitou denúncias, intervenções e saberes especializados. Na busca por compreender as condições de surgimento desses novos discursos, seus fundamentos e perspectivas hegemônicas acerca da prostituição infanto-juvenil, a presente dissertação percorre quatro etapas. Inicialmente, elabora uma genealogia das três principais fontes brasileiras sobre a exploração sexual na década de mil novecentos e noventa: documentos do CECRIA, a série de reportagens Meninas Escravizadas da Folha de S. Paulo e a CPI da Prostituição Infantil de 1993. Sob inspiração foucaultiana, elabora nova genealogia, agora sobre o sexo, em sua relação com o cristianismo, o direito e as ciências humanas e médicas. Visando a perceber novos olhares sobre a prostituição infanto-juvenil, em seguida ouve prostitutas adultas, uma militante dos direitos das prostitutas e também adolescentes envolvidas com o mercado sexual. A última etapa, de feições ensaísticas, constitui uma tentativa de vislumbrar possibilidades para uma sexualidade mais livre e de apontar trajetórias mais interessantes para a prostituição adulta e infanto-juvenil / The juvenile prostitution became an adult independent phenomenon in the 1990s, both nationally and internationally. Being realized by its gravity and urgency, it aroused denunciations, interventions, and specialized skills. This dissertation covers four stages which aim to understand the conditions in which these new discourses have sprouted as well as their foundations, and the juvenile prostitution perspectives. Initially, it elaborates a genealogy of the three main Brazilian sources about the sexual exploration in the 1990s: documents of the Child and Adolescent Center for Reference, Study and Action (CECRIA); the series of news articles entitled Slaved Girls from Folha de São Paulo; and the investigations conducted by the legislative branch (CPI) about the juvenile prostitution in 1993. Keeping the Foucaultion inspiration, it elaborates a new genealogy, but now about the sex in relation to the Christianity, the human rights, and the medical and human sciences. Some adult prostitutes, a militant of the prostitutes rights, and adolescents involved in the sexual market were heard with the aim of realizing new views on the juvenile prostitution. The last stage, with essayistic features, constitutes an attempt of glimpsing possibilities for a freer sexuality, and of pointing at more interesting paths for the adult and the juvenile prostitution

abstract: With the number of internationally-run clinical drug trials increasing, the double standards between those in developed nations and those in developing nations are being scrutinized under the ethical microscope. Many argue that several pharmaceutical companies and researchers are exploiting developing nation participants. Two issues of concern are the use of a placebo control when an effective alternative treatment exists and the lack of drug availability to the country that hosted the clinical trial should the experimental drug prove effective. Though intuitively this seems like an instance of exploitation, philosophically, exploitation theories cannot adequately account for the wrongdoing in these cases. My project has two parts. First, after explaining why the theories of Alan Wertheimer, John Lawrence Hill, and Ruth Sample fail to explain the exploitation in clinical drug research, I provide an alternative account of exploitation that can explain why the double standard in clinical research is harmful. Rather than craft a single theory encompassing all instances of exploitation, I offer an account of a type, or subset, of exploitation that I refer to as comparative exploitation. The double standards in clinical research fall under the category of comparative exploitation. Furthermore, while many critics maintain that cases of comparative exploitation, including clinical research, are mutually beneficial, they are actually harmful to its victims. I explain the harm of comparative exploitation using Ben Bradley's counterfactual account of harm and Larry May's theory of sharing responsibility. The second part of my project focuses on the "standard of care" argument, which most defenders use to justify the double standard in clinical research. I elaborate on Ruth Macklin's position that advocates of the "standard of care" position make three faulty assumptions: placebo-controlled trials are the gold standard, the only relevant question responsive to the host country's health needs is "Is the experimental product being studied better than the 'nothing' now available to the population?", and the only way of obtaining affordable products is to test cheap alternatives to replace the expensive ones. In the end, I advocate moving towards a universalizing of standards in order to avoid exploitation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Philosophy 2013

Le littoral du Bas-Languedoc oriental accueille l’une des plus importantes lagunes du continent européen. Une représentation péjorative était attachée à ce milieu durant la période moderne et au début du XXe siècle. La même dépréciation était-elle décelable dans la représentation que les sociétés médiévales avaient de ce milieu particulier ? Il s’agit de mettre en lien les spécificités naturelles du milieu et les conjonctures politiques, économiques et sociales. L’espace concerné par cette recherche s’étend des rivages de Balaruc jusqu’aux environs du Vidourle sur une période allant du milieu du XIe au début du XVe siècle. Sont étudiés ici les cadres politiques qui entouraient l’espace lagunaire et prenaient en charge sa gestion ; les techniques servant à exploiter le milieu et les bénéfices économiques qui en étaient tirés ; l’influence de la navigabilité de la lagune dans le dynamisme des échanges entre la région, la ville de Montpellier et le reste de la Méditerranée. La représentation de l’espace lagunaire n’avait alors rien de péjoratif et témoigne plutôt de l’adaptation des sociétés à leur environnement. La question de l'aménagement du milieu par les institutions urbaines de Montpellier et plus précisément par le consulat de mer, au cœur du propos, permet de considérer les rapports que la ville entretenait avec son arrière-pays lagunaire, et ainsi, de saisir l'influence de ce milieu sur son développement.

This thesis explores the role and relevance of the concepts of participation and service user involvement for work with sexually exploited children and young people. The central research questions are: how do young people at risk of, or affected by sexual exploitation, experience their rights to involvement in decision-making processes about their care? What is the meaning and value of the concept of participation from service users’ own perspectives? And what are the gains of involving these young people in decision-making processes about their care? The research involved in-depth qualitative interviews with twenty young service users and ten practitioners. Three theoretical frameworks underpin the study; a constructivist approach to childhood; sociological approaches to agency, and discourses of children’s participation rights. The analysis of data was informed by both narrative and grounded theory approaches. The thesis argues that young people’s perspectives on professional welfare, though rarely recorded or allowed to inform policy and best practice, shed new insight onto the efficacy and limitations of existing child protection practice with adolescents at risk of sexual exploitation. Consideration is given to how young people experience and respond to services, including their decisions about disengaging from or circumventing professional support. The thesis concludes that these demonstrations of agency and power, though often interpreted as deviant, are essentially rational and often protective. Through this lens young people’s agency is recognised as a resource rather than a problem. The thesis concludes by arguing that the ability of support services to protect young people affected by sexual exploitation is contingent on the degree to which they involve young people in decision-making about their care. Rather than standing in opposition to paternalistic approaches to protection, the narratives suggest that participation and empowerment are necessary conditions of a protective service, especially for those considered most marginalized or vulnerable.

Each disaster presents itself with a unique set of characteristics that are hard to determine a priori. Thus disaster management tasks are inherently uncertain, requiring knowledge sharing and quick decision making that involves coordination across different levels and collaborators. While there has been an increasing interest among both researchers and practitioners in utilizing knowledge management to improve disaster management, little research has been reported about how to assess the dynamic nature of disaster management tasks, and what kinds of knowledge sharing are appropriate for different dimensions of task uncertainty characteristics. Using combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods, this research study developed the dimensions and their corresponding measures of the uncertain dynamic characteristics of disaster management tasks and tested the relationships between the various dimensions of uncertain dynamic disaster management tasks and task performance through the moderating and mediating effects of knowledge sharing. Furthermore, this research work conceptualized and assessed task uncertainty along three dimensions: novelty, unanalyzability, and significance; knowledge sharing along two dimensions: knowledge sharing purposes and knowledge sharing mechanisms; and task performance along two dimensions: task effectiveness and task efficiency. Analysis results of survey data collected from Miami-Dade County emergency managers suggested that knowledge sharing purposes and knowledge sharing mechanisms moderate and mediate uncertain dynamic disaster management task and task performance. Implications for research and practice as well directions for future research are discussed.

En France, à l'heure actuelle, nous désignons couramment le cinéma asiatique comme une sorte d'entité géographique et culturelle. Cette étiquette est réductrice car elle ne permet pas de saisir toute l'étendue de ce que représente le "cinéma asiatique". Pour le comprendre il est nécessaire de s'intéresser à l'histoire de sa réception en France : retourner aux origines de sa découverte en 1951 avec le film "Rashomon", suivre l'évolution de sa reconnaissance professionnelle, puis de son succès populaire avec les films de Kung Fu à la fin des années 70. En suivant chaque étape de ce parcours, l'objectif de notre étude est d'identifier le processus d'exploitation, de compréhension et de valorisation d'un cinéma étranger en France. Plus précisément cela nous permettra de découvrir comment circulent les films sur le marché et quel rôle jour la différence culturelle dans l'appréciation des œuvres / These days, in France, Asian cinema is usually considered as a kind of geographical and cultural entity. This vision is limiting because it does not take into account the entire entity of "Asian cinema". To understand it, it is necessary to focus on the way it has been accepted in France : going back to its discovery in 1951 with the film "Rashomon", following the evolution of its professional recognition, and its popular success with Kung Fu films at the end of the 70s. By following every step of its development, the aim of our study is to identify the process of exploitation, understanding and promotion of a foreign cinema style in France. More precisely, it will allow us to discover how films are distributed and how different cultures play a role in appreciating these films