Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-30T12:28:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Marco Andre Alves de Souza.pdf: 5657340 bytes, checksum: becf46e090a1ebcc4a731b733c77fb6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T12:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Marco Andre Alves de Souza.pdf: 5657340 bytes, checksum: becf46e090a1ebcc4a731b733c77fb6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The cultivation of aromatic specimens for obtaining essential oils have great economic importance, mainly by increasing demand in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Brazil is the largest producer of essential oil, however, is what earns less in money value, because, its production is mainly of orange essential oil, with low added value. The essential oil of M. arvensis is rich in menthol (70-80%), a natural products with higher demand in daily life of modern man. Currently, Brazil has become a major importer of menthol which has contributed negatively to the brazilian trade balance. Thus, for the development of this work was chosen to be a specimens of economic interest and social demand, the Mentha arvensis. The purpose of study was to evaluate whether changes in light intensities and different levels of phosphorus promote changes in biomass production and nutrition, with consequences for the biosynthesis of essential oils. We also analyzed the influence of leaf age on the quality of essential oil. To this end, the plant of M. arvensis was grown under the effect of different conditions, which allowed the analysis of the levels of soluble fractions, of photosynthetic pigments, the activities of enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation and the anatomical and histochemical study of trichomes, morphological structure where it is produce the essential oil. The study also included analysis of the expression of genes related to the route of menthol synthesis. The essential oil was obtained by extraction with hydrodestillation in modified Clevenger and the chemical analysis of substances obtained by GC-MS. The Kovats index was used to collaborate in identification of the main substances in essential oil. The results showed that the essential oil quality is determined by physiological conditions and leaf age and that the production is dependent on the synthesis efficiency and density of trichomes on the leaves. In addition, it was found that different concentrations of phosphorus affected some aspects of plant metabolism, which reflected the production of biomass in the soluble fraction, with consequences on production and quality of essential oils. Also showed that variations in light levels affected the expression of six of the eight genes involved in the route of synthesis of menthol, in plants of M. arvensis and that changes in gene expression are probably associated with a transcription factor, which could be acting on the whole pathway. All of this information showed that environmental conditions and / or nutritional affected some aspects of plant metabolism, which reflected the production of biomass, of trichomes and on the expression of genes related to the route of menthol, which reflect on the quality and the production of essential oils / O cultivo de esp?cies arom?ticas para a obten??o de ?leos essenciais tem grande import?ncia econ?mica, principalmente, pela crescente demanda nas ind?strias de alimentos, de cosm?ticos e a farmac?utica. O Brasil ? o maior produtor de ?leo essencial, entretanto, ? o que menos arrecada em valores monet?rios, pois, sua produ??o ? basicamente de ?leo essencial de laranja, com baixo valor agregado. O ?leo essencial de Mentha arvensis L. ? rico em mentol (70-80%), uma dos produtos naturais com maior demanda no dia-a-dia do homem moderno. Atualmente, o Brasil tornou-se um grande importador de mentol o que tem contribu?do negativamente para a balan?a comercial brasileira. Deste modo, para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho escolheu-se a planta M. arvensis. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se varia??es nas intensidades luminosas e diferentes concentra??es de f?sforo promovem altera??es na produ??o de biomassa e em aspectos nutricionais, com reflexos na bioss?ntese de ?leos essenciais. Tamb?m foi avaliada a influ?ncia da idade da folha sobre a qualidade do ?leo essencial. Com esta finalidade, a planta de M. arvensis foi cultivada sob o efeito de diferentes condi??es, o que permitiu a an?lise dos teores das fra??es sol?veis, dos pigmentos fotossint?ticos, das atividades das enzimas relacionadas com a assimila??o do nitrog?nio e o estudo histoqu?mico e anat?mico dos tricomas secretores, estrutura morfol?gica onde ? produzido o ?leo essencial. Tamb?m foram realizadas analises da express?o dos genes relacionados com a rota de s?ntese do mentol. O ?leo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestila??o em Clevenger modificado e as analises qu?micas das subst?ncias realizadas por CG/EM. A utiliza??o do ?ndice de Kovats auxiliou na identific??o das principais subst?ncias no ?leo essencial. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a qualidade do ?leo essencial ? determinada pelas condi??es fisiol?gicas e a idade das folhas e que a produ??o ? dependente da efici?ncia de s?ntese e a densidade de tricomas secretores nas folhas. Al?m disso, foi constatado que as diferentes concentra??es de f?sforo afetaram alguns aspectos do metabolismo vegetal, os quais refletiram na produ??o de biomassa, nas fra??es sol?veis, com conseq??ncias na produ??o e qualidade dos ?leos essenciais. Tamb?m, mostraram que varia??es nos n?veis de luminosidade afetaram a express?o de seis entre os oito genes envolvidos com a rota de s?ntese do mentol, em plantas de M. arvensis e que as altera??es na express?o dos genes provavelmente est?o associados a um fator de transcri??o, o qual deve estar atuando sobre toda a rota metab?lica

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Le transport de messagerie a en charge les envois légers. Son caractère intersectoriel et multi-clients lui permet de jouer sur la complémentarité de flux hétérogènes. Il offre au géographe une lecture éclairante de l'interface entre territoire et industrie. En effet, l'éclatement croissant des structures et des espaces productifs n'a été envisageable que par l'amélioration constante de la fluidité des relations entre les divers acteurs économiques. Alors que l'organisation de la circulation des biens et de sa fiabilité est devenue une préoccupation majeure des industriels, la figure du réseau s'impose désormais comme un élément central dans l'articulation du nouvel espace industriel. Elle met en jeu un territoire dont la cohérence repose moins sur une approche fondée la notion de proximité spatiale, que sur la notion d'accessibilité (réduction des coûts et des temps de transports et de réapprovisionnement dans le strict respect des délais). Les contraintes<br />temporelles de plus en plus impérieuses conduisent alors selon l'expression de C. Raffestin à envisager le passage d'une territorialité régionalisée à une territorialité temporalisée dont les entreprises de messagerie offrent un beau modèle.<br />Dans un contexte de concurrence avivée, l'accroissement des performances logistiques exigé en termes de délais, de coûts et de qualité de service, pousse les prestataires de messagerie à une rapide restructuration spatiale et organisationnelle de leurs réseaux techniques. Prenant appui sur l'étude de cas concrets, la thèse examine les modalités du fonctionnement des réseaux de messagerie et les logiques de leurs dynamiques territoriales.<br />Elle s'attache à mettre en évidence les éléments géographiques structurant l'activité à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease, characterized by functional or structural abnormalities involving distal pulmonary arterioles that result in increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and ultimately right heart failure. Our objective is to establish a conditional transgenic system in mice, to test the hypothesis that lung EC apoptosis at the level of distal pulmonary arterioles is necessary and sufficient to cause a PAH phenotype. In a pilot study, the Fas-Induced Apoptosis (FIA) construct was expressed under the control of endothelial-specific Tie2 promoter in transgenic mice (i.e. EFIA mice). Administration of a small molecule dimerizing agent, AP20187, resulted in lung modest dose-dependent PAH, which was associated with proliferative vascular lesions localized to distal lung arterioles in a small proportion of mice. Due to the low level of transgene expression in preliminary EFIA lines, we re-designed the transgenic vector by incorporating a more robust endothelial promoter (superTie2). The new construct was transfected into HUVEC and BAEC and analyzed by monitoring immunofluorescence (DsRed). Data from the EFIA model suggests that EC apoptosis may be sufficient to induce a PAH phenotype with the characteristic lung vascular lesions. The EFIA model will allow us to better explore the mechanism that links distal lung EC apoptosis with reactive vascular cell proliferation in the pathogenesis of this devastating disease.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1985. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-238). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielSAA.pdf: 691771 bytes, checksum: c2a3333a69e8d426409687ac8cfac27f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The use of clustering methods for the discovery of cancer subtypes has drawn a great deal of attention in the scienti&#64257;c community. While bioinformaticians have proposed new clustering methods that take advantage of characteristics of the gene expression data, the medical community has a preference for using classic clustering methods. There have been no studies thus far performing a large-scale evaluation of different clustering methods in this context. This work presents the &#64257;rst large-scale analysis of seven different clustering methods and four proximity measures for the analysis of 35 cancer gene expression data sets. Results reveal that the &#64257;nite mixture of Gaussians, followed closely by k-means, exhibited the best performance in terms of recovering the true structure of the data sets. These methods also exhibited, on average, the smallest difference between the actual number of classes in the data sets and the best number of clusters as indicated by our validation criteria. Furthermore, hierarchical methods, which have been widely used by the medical community, exhibited a poorer recovery performance than that of the other methods evaluated. Moreover, as a stable basis for the assessment and comparison of different clustering methods for cancer gene expression data, this study provides a common group of data sets (benchmark data sets) to be shared among researchers and used for comparisons with new methods / O uso de t?cnicas de agrupamento na descoberta de subtipos de c?ncer tem atra?do grande aten??o da comunidade cient?&#64257;ca. Enquanto bioinformatas prop?em novas t?cnicas de agrupamento que levam em considera??o caracter?sticas dos dados de express?o g?nica, a comunidade m?dica prefere utilizar as t?cnicas cl?ssicas de agrupamento. De fato, n?o existem trabalhos na literatura que realizam uma avalia??o em grande escala de t?cnicas de agrupamento nesse contexto. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta o primeiro estudo em grande escala de sete t?cnicas de agrupamento e quatro medidas de proximidade para a an?lise de 35 conjuntos de dados de express?o g?nica. Mais especi&#64257;camente, os resultados mostram que a t?cnica mistura &#64257;nita de gaussianas, seguida pelo k-means, apresentam os melhores resultados em termos de recupera??o da estrutura natural dos dados. Esses m?todos tamb?m apresentam a menor diferen?a entre o n?mero real de classes e o n?mero de grupos presente na melhor parti??o. Al?m disso, os m?todos de agrupamento hier?rquico, que v?m sendo bastante utilizados pela comunidade m?dica, apresentaram os piores resultados quando comparados com os outros m?todos investigados. Este trabalho tamb?m apresenta, como uma refer?ncia est?vel para a avalia??o e compara??o de diferentes algoritmos de agrupamento para dados de express?o g?nica de c?ncer, um conjunto de bases de dados (benchmark data sets) que pode ser compartilhado entre pesquisadores e usado na compara??o de novos m?todos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaMCM_DISSERT.pdf: 2544480 bytes, checksum: eab320fea2fc6e6b04c8d45099041a93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The genome of all organisms constantly suffers the influence of mutagenic factors from endogenous and/or exogenous origin, which may result in damage for the genome. In order to keep the genome integrity there are different DNA repair pathway to detect and correct these lesions. In relation to the plants as being sessile organisms, they are exposed to this damage frequently. The Base Excision DNA Repair (BER) is responsible to detect and repair oxidative lesions. Previous work in sugarcane identified two sequences that were homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana: ScARP1 ScARP3. These two sequences were homologous to AP endonuclease from BER pathway. Then, the aim of this work was to characterize these two sequence using different approaches: phylogenetic analysis, in silico protein organelle localization and by Nicotiana tabacum transgenic plants with overexpression cassette. The in silico data obtained showed a duplication of this sequence in sugarcane and Poaceae probably by a WGD event. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed a new localization in nuclei for ScARP1 protein. The data obtained with transgenic plants showed a change in development and morphology. Transgenic plants had slow development when compared to plants not transformed. Then, these results allowed us to understand better the potential role of this sequence in sugarcane and in plants in general. More work is important to be done in order to confirm the protein localization and protein characterization for ScARP1 and ScARP3 / O genoma de todos os organismos sofre constantemente a influ?ncia de fatores mutag?nicos que podem ser de origem end?gena e/ou ex?gena, estes podem resultar em danos ao material gen?tico. Se esses danos n?o forem corrigidos pode levar ao aparecimento de muta??es. As plantas por serem organismos sesseis est?o continuamente expostas a estes fatores. Considerando isto, os organismos (animais e vegetais) possuem diferentes vias de reparo de DNA para manter a integridade do material gen?tico. Dentro destas vias, h? a via de Reparo por Excis?o de Bases (BER) que ? composta por diferentes enzimas, e dentro dessa via h? a enzima AP endonuclease que ? alvo deste estudo. Trabalhos anteriores em cana-de-a??car identificaram duas sequ?ncias de cDNA hom?logas a esta prote?na que foram denominadas ScARP1 e ScARP3. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar estas duas sequ?ncias por meio de an?lises filogen?ticas utilizando sequ?ncias presentes dentro do reino Plantae, e de an?lises estruturais dos genes de AP endonuclease por an?lise in silico e por plantas transg?nicas contendo cassetes de super-express?o. Al?m disso, foi realizado transforma??es e a obten??o plantas transg?nicas de Nicotiana tabacum contendo cassetes de super-express?o em orienta??o anti-senso. Foi tamb?m analisado a rela??o filogen?tica de genes DNA ligase I presentes no organismo vegetal de estudo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que as sequ?ncias ScARP1 e ScARP3 correspondem a uma duplica??o, provavelmente devido a um processo de duplica??o do genoma como um todo (WGD) que deve ter ocorrido no grupo das gram?neas (Poaceae). Refor?ando estes dados, foi verificado um poss?vel direcionamento da prote?na para organelas diferentes, sendo que a ScARP1 pode ser encontrada no n?cleo e a ScARP3 em mitocondrias e/ou cloroplasto. Com rela??o as plantas transg?nicas contendo o cassete em orienta??o anti-senso foi observado que estas apresentaram crescimento lento quando comparado com a planta selvagem (n?o transformada). Al?m disso, seu fen?tipo abrange altera??es morfol?gicas no crescimento foliar, baixa estatura e diminui??o na produ??o de sementes. Entretanto, ainda se faz necess?rio a obten??o da linhagem homozigota para aprofundar essas observa??es. Desta forma, estes resultados permitem compreender um pouco melhor do poss?vel papel da enzima AP endonuclease em cana-de-a??car e em plantas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YonaraMCO_DISSERT.pdf: 1678750 bytes, checksum: 32e7b234c6a83f6881e86eb536e38bec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Studies report that the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes complications is associated with increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced by hyperglycemia and changes in the capacity the antioxidant defense system. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the capacity of antioxidant defense system, by evaluating antioxidant status, gene expression and polymorphisms in the genes of GPx1, SOD1 and SOD2 in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. We studied 101 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 106 normoglycemic individuals (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were evaluated as a whole group and subdivided according to glycemic control in DM1G good glycemic control and DM1P poor glycemic control. Glycemic and metabolic control was evaluate by serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL). Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum urea and creatinine and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine. Antioxidant status was evaluate by content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the activity of erythrocyte enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also analyzed gene expression and gene polymorphisms of GPx1 (rs1050450), SOD1 (rs17881135) and SOD2 (rs4880) by the technique of real-time PCR (Taqman?). Most individuals with DM1 (70.3%) had poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin> 8%). Regarding the lipid profile, individuals with type 1 diabetes had significantly elevated total cholesterol (p <0.001) and LDL (p <0.000) compared to NG; for triglycerides only DM1NC group showed significant increase compared to NG. There was an increase in serum urea and RAC of individuals with DM1 compared to NG. Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes showed microalbuminuria (ACR> 30 mg / mg). There was a decrease in GSH content (p = 0.006) and increased erythrocyte GPx activity (p <0.001) and SOD (p <0.001) in DM1 group compared to NG. There was no significant difference in the expression of GPx1 (p = 0.305), SOD1 (.365) and SOD2 (0.385) between NG and DM1. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms studied showed no statistically significant difference between the groups DM1 and NG. However, the GPx1 polymorphism showed the influence of erythrocyte enzyme activity. There was a decrease in GPx activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes who had a polymorphic variant T (p = 0.012). DM1 patients with the polymorphic variant G (AG + GG) for polymorphism of SOD2 (rs4880) showed an increase in the RAC (p <0.05). The combined data suggest that glucose control seems to be the predominant factor for the emergence of changes in lipid profile, renal function and antioxidant system, but the presence of the polymorphisms studied may partly contribute to the onset of complications / Estudos relatam que o mecanismo fisiopatol?gico das complica??es do diabetes est? associado ao aumento na produ??o de Esp?cies Reativas de Oxig?nio (ERO) induzido pela hiperglicemia persistente e altera??es na capacidade de defesa do sistema antioxidante. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar altera??es na capacidade de defesa do sistema antioxidante, atrav?s da avalia??o do status antioxidante, express?o g?nica e pesquisa de polimorfismos nos genes da GPx1, SOD1 e SOD2 de crian?as, adolescentes e adultos jovens com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Foram estudados 101 indiv?duos com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) e 106 indiv?duos normoglic?micos (NG) com idade entre 6 e 20 anos. Os indiv?duos com DM1 foram avaliados como um grupo total e subdivididos de acordo com o controle glic?mico em DM1NC diab?tico n?o-compensado e DM1C diab?ticos compensados. Para avaliar o controle glic?mico e metab?lico foram realizadas as dosagens de glicose s?rica, hemoglobina glicada, triglicer?deos, colesterol total e fra??es (HDL e LDL). A fun??o renal foi avaliada pelas dosagens de ureia e creatinina s?ricas e a rela??o albumina/creatinina (RAC) urin?ria. Os par?metros antioxidantes avaliados foram o conte?do da glutationa reduzida (GSH) em sangue total e a atividade eritrocit?ria das enzimas glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e super?xido dismutase (SOD). Tamb?m foi avaliada a express?o g?nica e a pesquisa dos polimorfismos dos genes GPx1 (rs1050450), SOD1(rs17881135) e SOD2 (rs4880) pela t?cnica da PCR em tempo real (Taqman?). A maioria dos indiv?duos com DM1 (70,3%) apresentou controle glic?mico insatisfat?rio (hemoglobina glicada >8%). Em rela??o ao perfil lip?dico, indiv?duos com DM1 apresentaram valores significativamente elevados de colesterol total (p<0,001) e LDL (p<0,000) em rela??o ao NG; para os triglicer?deos s? o grupo DM1NC apresentou aumento significante em rela??o ao NG. Observou-se o aumento na ur?ia s?rica e na RAC dos indiv?duos com DM1 em rela??o ao NG. Nove dos indiv?duos com DM1 apresentaram microalbumin?ria (RAC> 30 &#956;g/mg). Houve diminui??o no conte?do de GSH (p=0,006) e aumento na atividade eritrocit?ria da GPx (p<0,001) e SOD (p<0,001) do grupo DM1 em rela??o ao NG. N?o foi observada diferen?a significante na express?o de GPx1 (p=0,305), SOD1 (0,365) e SOD2 (0,385) entre NG e DM1. As freq??ncias genot?picas e al?licas dos polimorfismos estudados n?o mostraram diferen?a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos DM1 e NG. Por?m o polimorfismo da GPx1 mostrou influ?ncia na atividade eritrocit?ria da enzima, observando-se diminui??o da atividade nos indiv?duos com DM1 que possu?am a variante polim?rfica T (p=0,012). J? para o polimorfismo Ala16Val da SOD2 observou-se eleva??o da RAC para aqueles indiv?duos diab?ticos que possu?am o alelo G (p<0,05). O conjunto dos dados sugere que o controle glic?mico parece ser o fator predominante para o surgimento de altera??es no perfil lip?dico, fun??o renal e no sistema antioxidante, por?m a presen?a dos polimorfismos estudados possam, pelo menos em parte, contribuir para o aparecimento de complica??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCCA_DISSERT.pdf: 1036398 bytes, checksum: e92983fb66f4a9165f55b115a416e760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-07 / The right to artistic expression, freedom granted in the western democratic constitutionalism, is a fundamental right that cyclically, compared to other cohesive rights of expression, has been forgotten and put in an irrelevant juridical-dogmatic position. The first reason for this behaviour that disesteems artistic freedom is the valorisation of rationalism and scientificism in the modern society, subordinating academic researches to utilitarianism, relegating the purpose of feelings and spirituality on men s elocution, therefore, we investigate, guided by philosophy, the attribution of art on human formation, due to its capacity in harmonising reason and emotion. After that, we affirm the fundamental right to artistic expression s autonomy in the 1988 valid constitutional order, after a comparative explanation of freedom in the Fundamental Laws of United States, Portugal, Spain and Germany; and the construction historic-constitutional of the same right in the Brazilian Constitutions. In this desiderate, the theoric mark chosen is the Liberal Theory of the fundamental rights, guiding the exam through jusfundamental dimensions: juridical-subjective and juridical-objective. Whilst the first, classical function of resistance, delimitates the protection area of the artistic expression right from its specific content, titularity and its constitutional and subconstitutional limits, the other one establishes it as cultural good of the Social Order, defining to the State its rendering duties of protection, formation and cultural promotion. We do not admit artistic communication, granted without legal reserve, to be transposed of restrictions that belong to other fundamental rights and, when its exercise collides with another fundamental right or juridical-constitutional good, the justification to a possible state intervention that tangentiates its protection area goes, necessarily, through the perquisition of the artist s animus, the used method, the many viable interpretations and, at last, the correct application of the proportionality criteria. The cultural public politics analysis, nevertheless, observes the pluralism principle of democratic substratum, developer of the cultural dialogue and opposed to patterns determined by the mass cultural industry. All powers are attached, on the scope of its typical attributions, to materialise public politics that have the cultural artistic good as its aim, due to the constant rule contained in ?1, art. 5? of the Federal Constitution. However, the access and the incentive laws to culture must be constantly supervised by the constitutional parameter of fundamental right to equality / O direito ? express?o art?stica, liberdade consagrada no constitucionalismo democr?tico ocidental, ? um direito fundamental que conjunturalmente, em rela??o aos outros direitos conexos da express?o, vem sendo olvidado, disposto em posi??o de irrelev?ncia jur?dico-dogm?tica. A primeira raz?o apontada para esse comportamento que desestima a liberdade art?stica ? a valoriza??o do racionalismo e do cientificismo na sociedade moderna, subordinando as pesquisas acad?micas ao utilitarismo, relegando o papel dos sentimentos e da espiritualidade na elocu??o do homem, portanto, investigamos, amparados pela filosofia, a atribui??o da arte na forma??o humana, devido a sua capacidade em harmonizar raz?o e emo??o. Em seguida, afirmamos a autonomia do direito fundamental ? express?o art?stica na ordem constitucional vigente de 1988, ap?s um quadro expositivo da liberdade tema nas Leis Fundamentais dos Estados Unidos, Portugal, Espanha e Alemanha; e a constru??o hist?rico-constitucional do mesmo direito nas Constitui??es brasileiras. Nesse desiderato, o marco te?rico escolhido ? a Teoria Liberal dos direitos fundamentais, orientando o exame pelas dimens?es jusfundamentais jur?dico-subjetiva e jur?dico-objetiva. Enquanto a primeira, fun??o cl?ssica de resist?ncia, delimita a ?rea de prote??o do direito ? express?o art?stica a partir do seu conte?do espec?fico, sua titularidade e seus limites constitucionais e infraconstitucionais, aquela lhe estabelece como bem cultural da Ordem Social, definindo ao Estado deveres prestacionais na prote??o, forma??o e promo??o cultural. ? comunica??o art?stica, prescrita sem reserva legal, n?o admitimos a transposi??o de restri??es que s?o pr?prias de outros direitos fundamentais e, quando o seu exerc?cio colide com outro direito fundamental ou bem jur?dico constitucional, a justifica??o para uma poss?vel interven??o estatal que tangencie sua ?rea de prote??o passa, necessariamente, pela perquiri??o do animus do artista, do meio utilizado, das v?rias interpreta??es vi?veis e, por fim, pela correta aplica??o do crit?rio da proporcionalidade. A an?lise da pol?tica p?blica cultural, por sua vez, observa o princ?pio do pluralismo de substrato democr?tico, fomentador do di?logo cultural e avesso aos padr?es determinados pela ind?stria cultural de massa. Todos os poderes est?o vinculados, no ?mbito de suas atribui??es t?picas, a concretizarem pol?ticas p?blicas que possuam como fim o bem cultural art?stico, devido ao mandamento constante no ?1 do art. 5?, CF. No entanto, o acesso e as leis de incentivo ? cultura devem ser constantemente fiscalizados pelo par?metro constitucional do direito fundamental ? igualdade