The question of Marx's Early Works over the past ten years has been invested with a renewed significance by a debate over the theoretical --and ultimately political -conclusions to be drawn from them. At the center of this debate is the problem of determining the point at which Marx formed his oistinctive position vis-a-vis the major philosophies which he had to traverse, namely those of Feuerbach and Hegel. A great number of works dedicated to the interpretation of Marx's theoretical formation, by recourse to a residual concept of 'transition', do not, it is true, raise this question, nor pose it as a problem. Over the past ten years, however, the problem has taken on a new urgency in the light of serious attempts to accomodate Marx to various avant garde philosophies such as Phenomenology and various forms of 'critical' sociology. Supported by a re-reading of Marx's Early Works, these attempts to 'resuscitate' Marx and Marxism via a return to its philosophical roots, have sharply raised the very question of Marx's 'philosophy'. The way that this question has been raised has posed in clear terms the problem of establishing the 'specific difference' between Marx's thought and that of his predecessors and contemporaries in theory, a problem that takes the form of locating the point at which a distinctive Marxist position emerged. The answer to the question that underlies this problem has taken various forms, each associated with a distinctive type of interpretation (historicism, humanism, structuralism). The 'break' between Marx and his predecessors in theory has been located variously in 1843, at the level of the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right; in 1844, at the level of either the Jahrbucher articles or the Paris Manuscripts; and in 1845, at the level of The German Ideolog. Addressing myself to the problem which underlies these diverse and mutually conflicting interpretations, and to settle the questions of principle associated with it, I argue for the thesis that Marx's Early Works are all governed by a philosophy shaped by Feuerbach's revision of Hegel, and thus not distinctly his own, but that he forms the basis of his own theoretical position in 1845, ,at the level of The German Ideology. To argue for this thesis it is incumbent on me to demonstrate, first of all, that Marx's Early Works are all unified by the same philosophy, governed by its theoretical problematic and schemata. To set up a centre of reference for this philosophic problematic I reconstruct the opposed solutions of Kant and Hegel to the 'problem of knowledge', and firmly establish Marx's essential dependence on Feuerbach, whose philosophy is inversely-related to and bound by the principles of Hegel's dialectic. In order to trace out this dependence I reconstruct the path of Marx's intellectual development, re-assessing the theoretical and political meaning of his texts. In the process it becomes the central burden of my study to show that there is no fundamental Break' in Marx's thought either in 1843, and that, in effect, the texts in question are not theoretically distinct vis-a-vis the 'philosophy of praxis' shared by the Left-Hegelian Movement in general. I also subject the renowned Jahrbiicher essays to a re-reading which radically revises the meaning assigned to them. The Paris Manuscripts are similarly read in the light of a previously unsettled ....; problem of Feuerbach's relation to Hegel, and of their en-counter within Marx's thought. A short, not too well known text is invested with a special significance in terms of my vcentral thesis viz Marx's dependence on Feuerbach's humanist problematic. Several points of original interpretation are thus introduced. Finally, I show how in The German Ideology . Marx breaks with the 'philosophy' that had to date governed lthe mode of his theoretical reflection, the structure of his critique. Although in The German Ideology Marx does no more than indicate the minimal conditions of his distinctive approach, we trace out the epistemological and methodological dimensions of his 'break' with Feuerbach and Hegel. ,From a phenomenological reduction of phenomena to their inner essence based on the principles of Hegel's dialectic, Marx shifts towards a class analysis based on the principles of Historical Materialism. The-·dissertation on our thesis not only settles the central problem of interpretation with which it is concerned, but it gives a coherent reading of Marx's Early Works within the framework of their underlying premises,-and it establishes as a point of principle that the search for Marx's philosophy should be directed at his later and not his early works. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Austin Clarke dedicated himself to the ideal of an independent Irish literature in English. This dedication had two principal consequences for his work: he developed a poetic style appropriate to expressing the Irish imagination, and he found inspiration in the matter of Ireland, in hex mythology and folklore, in her literary, artistic and religious traditions, and in the daily life of modern Ireland. The basic orientation of Clarke's work determines the twofold purpose of this thesis. It seeks to provide a clarifying background for his poetry, drama and fiction up to 1938; and, in examining the texts in their proper context, it seeks to reveal the permanent and universal aspects of his achievement. Clarke's early development in response to the shaping influence of the Irish Revival is examined in the opening chapter. His initial interest in heroic saga is considered, but, principally, the focus is on his effort to establish stylistic links between the Anglo-Irish and the Gaelic traditions, an effort that is seen to culminate with his adoption of assonantal verse as an essential element in his poetic technique. In the second chapter, the emphasis shifts to the thematic consequences of Clarke's involvement with Ireland. His understanding of Irish tradition is discussed, and, in particular, the origins and nature of his imaginative preoccupation with the culture of early Christian Ireland are examined. What emerges is that Clarke perceives a permanent tension in the Irish mind between the Christian and the pagan viewpoints, a conflict of values that he termed the drama of conscience. The conflict informs each of the major texts analysed in the remainder of the thesis. Pilgrimage and Other Poems, discussed in the second chapter, reveals the recurrence of the tension between the Christian and the pagan traditions in the course of Irish history. Clarke's early plays and novels, which are the focus of the third chapter, relate the conflict to the culture of medieval Ireland. The fourth chapter examines Clarke's own experience cf the conflict as it is presented in Night and Morning. In the recognition that the drama of conscience remains a vital element in Clarke's imagination after 1938, the thesis concludes by indicating the main lines of continuity between the earlier and the later work. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The knowledge of early employment experiences has evolved over the last decade in countries such as Australia and Great Britain. In Sweden, this type of research is still unusual and the aim of this study was to break new ground by highlighting some areas that could be of extra interest in the Swedish early employment research to come. A focus in the study was to give an overview of what job sectors school students work in; and the amount of jobs aquired through school-organized work placement, private social networks or personal marketing of own merits. In addition to this, a multi variate analysis was carried out to find patterns in the picture of early employment experiences among students at upper secondary school. The findings of the study has relevance for ways of conducting career counselling and therefore the general aim of this study is to point out the importance of developing the practises of vocational psychology. A survey among 74 teenaged school students with economics as their main subject has been carried out in a mid-size Swedish city May 2012. 62 school students answered. The survey showed that 94% of the students had part-time jobs. Most common was to have 1-3 employers during the three years at upper secondary school. Most students worked in the job-sectors retail (29%), catering (23%), and care of the elderly (14%). An interesting finding was that no Swedish students seemed to work with delivery. This is surprising since this job-sector is big among school students in both Australia and Great Britain. Another interesting find was ways of aquiring a job. Not surprisingly most jobs were aquired through private social networks (59%), but some job-sectors stood out as pathways to a job for those students without the right social networks. In catering 48% of the jobs were aquired through marketing of own merits, and in the care of the elderly job-sector 78% of the jobs were aquired this way. The study indicates that early work experiences in Sweden in major parts reflect the research carried out in Austalia and Great Britain. But some research areas differ. A more close look at early work experiences among teenaged school students in Sweden is therefore necessary to develop vocational psychology and to incorporate learning outside school into school practices. An aspect that has been observed sofar is the way in which social background steers both the experience of early employment and career choice.

Submitted by SILMARA MARCIANO null (silmara.marciano@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-26T13:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 01 Dissertação pós defesa. Versão Final.docx: 251224 bytes, checksum: 830c2abece686702e979177bff8d48e2 (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: A versão final da dissertação/tese deve ser submetida no formato PDF (Portable Document Format). O arquivo PDF não deve estar protegido e a dissertação/tese deve estar em um único arquivo, inclusive os apêndices e anexos, se houver. Por favor, corrija o formato do arquivo e realize uma nova submissão. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-03-29T17:58:58Z (GMT) / Submitted by SILMARA MARCIANO null (silmara.marciano@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-29T21:29:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 01 Dissertação pós defesa. Versão Final pdf.pdf: 858267 bytes, checksum: 7dae75ba7a8869af756af957fe2e9543 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T16:34:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marciano_s_me_bot.pdf: 858267 bytes, checksum: 7dae75ba7a8869af756af957fe2e9543 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T16:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marciano_s_me_bot.pdf: 858267 bytes, checksum: 7dae75ba7a8869af756af957fe2e9543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / A situação de trabalho infantil é ainda alarmante em pleno século XXI, apesar de todos os avanços sociais e tecnológicos mundiais. Segundo a Organização Internacional do Trabalho, em 2014 havia no mundo cerca de 168 milhões de pessoas com idade entre 5 e 17 anos em situação de trabalho. No Brasil, em particular, esta questão segue sendo alvo de políticas públicas de enfrentamento do problema, visto que 3,3 milhões de crianças e adolescentes no país, com idade entre 5 e 17 anos, continuam sujeitas ao trabalho infantil, apesar de tratar-se de violação de direito reconhecido constitucionalmente. O trabalho precoce traz muitos prejuízos à vida dos sujeitos e de suas famílias, incluindo-se a saúde, a qual será afetada principalmente por estar o indivíduo em fase da vida que requer proteção para garantias do pleno desenvolvimento. No município de Bauru não se tem informações que elucidem este fenômeno na atuação dos profissionais da saúde e conhecê-lo poderá contribuir no desenvolvimento de ações necessárias para transformar a cruel realidade. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender os significados atribuídos e a atuação em relação ao Trabalho Infantil de profissionais da Atenção Primária em Saúde no município de Bauru-SP. Trata-se de estudo de caso qualitativo. Os resultados demonstram que os entrevistados partilham da concepção arraigada culturalmente em nossa sociedade, que relaciona o trabalho precoce com aprendizado pregresso para a vida adulta para crianças pobres. Os entrevistados compreendem o Trabalho Infantil como importante objeto da Saúde, reconhecendo que tem responsabilidade sobre este fenômeno, porém ainda apresentam ações incipientes. A necessidade de capacitação e direcionamento técnico aos profissionais é um fator a ser considerado como primordial para compreensão e atuação efetiva dos mesmos nas unidades de saúde. / The child labor situation is still alarming in the 21st century, despite all the world's social and technological advances. According to the International Labor Organization, there were, in 2014, around 168 million people aged between 5 and 17 years old in work situation. Specially in Brazil, this issue continues being the target of the public policies for addressing problems, once 3.3 million children and adolescents in the country, aged between 5 and 17, continue to be subject to child labor, although it is considered a violation of constitutional rights. Early work brings many damages to the lives of the individual and their families, including health, which will be affected mainly by being at the stage of life that requires protection in order to guarantee the full development of the subject. In the city of Bauru, there is no information that elucidates this phenomenon in the health professionals' performance, and to know it can contribute to the development of actions necessary to transform this cruel reality. In this sense, the objective of this research is to understand the meanings attributed, and the performance of the primary health care professionals in relation to Child Labor, in the City of Bauru-SP. This is a qualitative case study. The results demonstrate that respondents share the culturally rooted conception in our society that relates early work with early adult learning for poor children. They also understand Child Labor as an important object of Health, recognizing that it has repercussions on it, but still present incipient actions. The need for training and technical guidance for the professionals is a factor to be considered as essential for their understanding and effective performance in health units.

Orientador: Maria Dionísia do Amaral Dias / Resumo: A situação de trabalho infantil é ainda alarmante em pleno século XXI, apesar de todos os avanços sociais e tecnológicos mundiais. Segundo a Organização Internacional do Trabalho, em 2014 havia no mundo cerca de 168 milhões de pessoas com idade entre 5 e 17 anos em situação de trabalho. No Brasil, em particular, esta questão segue sendo alvo de políticas públicas de enfrentamento do problema, visto que 3,3 milhões de crianças e adolescentes no país, com idade entre 5 e 17 anos, continuam sujeitas ao trabalho infantil, apesar de tratar-se de violação de direito reconhecido constitucionalmente. O trabalho precoce traz muitos prejuízos à vida dos sujeitos e de suas famílias, incluindo-se a saúde, a qual será afetada principalmente por estar o indivíduo em fase da vida que requer proteção para garantias do pleno desenvolvimento. No município de Bauru não se tem informações que elucidem este fenômeno na atuação dos profissionais da saúde e conhecê-lo poderá contribuir no desenvolvimento de ações necessárias para transformar a cruel realidade. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender os significados atribuídos e a atuação em relação ao Trabalho Infantil de profissionais da Atenção Primária em Saúde no município de Bauru-SP. Trata-se de estudo de caso qualitativo. Os resultados demonstram que os entrevistados partilham da concepção arraigada culturalmente em nossa sociedade, que relaciona o trabalho precoce com aprendizado pregresso para a vida adulta para crianças pob... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The child labor situation is still alarming in the 21st century, despite all the world's social and technological advances. According to the International Labor Organization, there were, in 2014, around 168 million people aged between 5 and 17 years old in work situation. Specially in Brazil, this issue continues being the target of the public policies for addressing problems, once 3.3 million children and adolescents in the country, aged between 5 and 17, continue to be subject to child labor, although it is considered a violation of constitutional rights. Early work brings many damages to the lives of the individual and their families, including health, which will be affected mainly by being at the stage of life that requires protection in order to guarantee the full development of the subject. In the city of Bauru, there is no information that elucidates this phenomenon in the health professionals' performance, and to know it can contribute to the development of actions necessary to transform this cruel reality. In this sense, the objective of this research is to understand the meanings attributed, and the performance of the primary health care professionals in relation to Child Labor, in the City of Bauru-SP. This is a qualitative case study. The results demonstrate that respondents share the culturally rooted conception in our society that relates early work with early adult learning for poor children. They also understand Child Labor as an important object of Health, re... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Paulo Miceli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_CamilaFernandade_M.pdf: 1111417 bytes, checksum: f585cdec7b39b0e1bbc57d4821952df7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nosso foco nesta dissertação está em perceber como são rompidas, continuadas ou transformadas as tradições de pensamento do final do século XV e início do XVI na obra O Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, de Duarte Pacheco Pereira. Para tanto, fizemos uso de conceitos como revolução científica, paradigmas e ciência normal, tais como definidos por Thomas Kuhn, para entendermos como o autor do Esmeraldo possa ter subvertido formas de pensar que se encontravam então latentes na mentalidade portuguesa do momento que estudamos. Dividimos nosso trabalho em três partes. Na primeira discutimos o que era ciência no período proposto e também a definição de paradigma segundo o encaminhamento teórico de Thomas Kuhn, assim como a relação da universidade portuguesa com as navegações. No segundo capítulo buscamos compreender se O Esmeraldo de Situ Obis expressou o sintoma de uma crise de paradigmas vigentes na época de sua escrita e qual postura Pacheco adotou em relação às autoridades clássicas no que se refere ao modo como representaram o mundo físico em seus escritos. No terceiro capítulo analisamos duas formas de transposição da escrita, o manuscrito e o impresso, consideramos suas particularidades e fizemos um balanço acerca da impressão tardia do Esmeraldo no século XIX / Abstract: Our focus in this dissertation is to understand how the traditions of thought from the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries in the book Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, of Duarte Pacheco Pereira are broken, continued or converted. For this purpose, we use concepts such as scientific revolution, paradigm and normal science, as defined by Thomas Kuhn, to understand how the Esmeraldo's author might have subverted the manners of thinking which were then in course in the Portuguese mentality of the moment we have studied. We divided our work into three parts. At first, we discuss what science was in the period studied and we have also discussed the definition of paradigm according to the Thomas Kuhn's theory, as well as the Portuguese university's relationship with the navigations. In the second chapter we seek to understand whether the Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis expressed the symptom of a crisis of paradigms at the time of its writing and which posture was adopted by Pacheco in relation to classical authorities in order to conceive the physical world. In the third chapter we examine two forms of transposition of writing, the manuscript and the impress, we have considered its particularities and made a balance about the Esmeraldo's late impression in the Nineteenth Century / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História