The aim of this two years master thesis in Library and information science is to study the foundation Centrum för lättläst and its work regarding information use with focus on information structures and information needs. The aim is also to examine how Centrum för lättläst cooperate with Swedish libraries to promote the work concerning people with reading disabilities. This master thesis applies a domain analytic theory and method inspired by Birger Hjørland. The domain analysis is confined to examine ontology, epistemology, sociology, empirical user studies, document and genre studies and studies of structures and institutions in scientific communication. The main source material consists of information from the homepage of Centrum för lättläst. The result of the domain analysis describes the ontology which implies to produce easy-to-read texts. The epistemology constitutes of regulations from the Swedish government regarding the work with easy-to-read literacy. The sociology represents several organizations and authorities connected to easy-to-read literacy. The domain analysis has also identified Centrum för lättläst’s target groups and their information needs which are varying. The study present numerous of strategies composed by Centrum för lättläst to satisfy the information needs of the target groups. Furthermore; the domain analysis has distinguished the information resources Centrum för lättläst use to distribute and make information accessible which are represented by documents within the domain. The result also shows that Centrum för lättläst’s work with information use includes important operators in the domain which contributes to endorse the information needs of the targets groups. Finally the domain analysis has examined the collaboration between Centrum för lättläst and libraries in Sweden, where the result illustrate procedures made by Centrum för lättläst in order to assist libraries in their work with easy-to-read literacy and the target groups.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how a picture book for children is transformed into an easy-to-read version for children who have just started reading. I examine two versions of Emil of Lönneberga. One of the books is the orginal picture book of Emil in Lönneberga and was written by Astrid Lindgren (1963), while the other is an easy-toreadversion of the book, as adapted by the author Helena Renvall (1977). I have conducted a comparative study as a text and picture analysis of the material, with the focus on the adaptation of the original story. The adaptation in this case is a revision intended to make the story easier to read and more accessible to today’s children. The most important finding of the study is that easily read information is not just a matter of simplifying the text; the form of both text and pictures is adapted. The text is characterized by simpler words and shorter sentences. The pictorial material has been increased and the originally black and white pictures have been given added red colour. Otherwise, most of the layout has been changed for several reasons, but generally speaking so that the relation between text and pictures on each spread will function inthe most easy-to-read way possible.

Denna uppsats undersöker relationen mellan lättlästa skönlitterära böcker och originalutgåvor genom en närstudie av John Ajvide Lindqvists Låt den rätte komma in och den lättlästa versionen Vampyren i Blackeberg. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad som skiljer sig i handlingen och vilka litterära aspekter som försvinner i en bearbetad lättläst text. Analysen fokuserar därför på olika aspekter av litterära föreställningsvärldar för att få svar på vad som förhåller sig annorlunda eller likartat. De forskningsfrågor som besvaras är: På vilket sätt skiljer sig informationen i John Ajvide Lindqvists lättlästa verk Vampyren i Blackeberg från originalutgåvan Låt den rätte komma in? Och vilken typ av information försvinner i det lättlästa verket i jämförelse med originalutgåvan? Resultatet visar att det förekommer markanta skillnader gällande typ och omfattning i den lättlästa bearbetningen. Stoff som försvunnit är bland annat miljöbeskrivningar, fokalisation och nedskärningar i dialoger för att göra dessa korta och koncisa med så få utläggningar som möjligt. Därtill visar diskussionen att lättläst litteratur inte bör användas som läromedel, då denna texttyp inte kan svara på Skolverkets kriterier när det kommer till svenskämnet. Lättläst litteratur kan aldrig ersätta originalutgåvor, eftersom bearbetningar reducerar bort vital information som gör att läsarens förståelse för handlingen försämras. / This essay analyzes the relationship between easy-to-read fiction and the original edition through a close study of John Ajvide Lindqvist’s Låt den rätte komma in and the easy-to-read version Vampyren i Blackeberg. The purpose of this essay is to examine what differs in the plot and which literary aspects that disappear in an edited easy-to-read text. The analysis therefore focuses on different aspects of literary imaginary worlds to get answers for what looks different or similar. The research questions this study aims to answer are: In what way does the information in John Ajvide Lindqvist’s easy-to-read version Vampyren i Blackeberg differ from the original edition Låt den rätte komma in? And what kind of information disappears in the easy-to-read version compared to the original version? The results show that there are significant differences in the type and to what extent of the easy-to-read version. Things that have disappeared are environmental descriptions, focalisation and information in dialogues to make these short and concise, with as few explanations as possible. The discussion shows that easy-to-read literature should not be used as a teaching aid, as this type of text cannot meet the curriculum criteria when it comes to the Swedish subject. Easy-to-read literature can never replace original editions, as the easy-to-read texts reduce vital information that weaken the reader's understanding of the plot.

This study analyzes the semiotic resources in two versions of Vårdguiden's web text about tick bites: one longer version and one in easy Swedish. The aim is to identify and compare the prior knowledge and information need of each versions' model reader. This study is theoretically grounded in social semiotics and health literacy. The method consists of three multimodal text analyzes with ideational, interpersonal and textual sub-analyses.  Both versions presupposing several actual, practical and mental prior knowledge of the model reader. The information need of the versions' model reader is both common and separate. Both versions also presupposing that the model reader needs informing, explanatory, instructive and reassuring messages with a multimodal and multi-sequential presentation. The longer version presupposes more comprehensive prior knowledge and larger information needs. The version in easy Swedish though presupposes some prior knowledge which is not assumed in the longer version. For example, it is prior knowledge of how a tick bite looks like and the prior knowledges which is required when photographic close-ups should be interpreted. The version in easy Swedish also and presupposes larger needs for explanations and instructions. The results hinting what the versions presuppose of the empirical reader and prompting a discussion about how the versions high demands for health literacy can impede the reader friendliness. However, the results show that the versions' design creates possibilities for broad groups to assimilate the content. The study highlights some important challenges which are relevant when texts should be adapted to broad groups. / I studien analyseras två versioner av 1177 Vårdguidens text om fästingbett: en längre version och en version på lätt svenska. Syftet är att identifiera och jämföra de förkunskaper och behov av information som förutsätts hos versionernas modelläsare. Studien är teoretiskt grundad i sociosemiotik och hälsolitteracitet. Metoden består av tre multimodala textanalyser med ideationella, interpersonella och textuella delanalyser. Båda versionerna förutsätter flera faktiska, praktiska och mentala förkunskaper hos modelläsaren. Behoven av information hos versionernas modelläsare är dels gemensamma, dels skilda. Båda versionerna förutsätter att modelläsaren behöver informerande, förklarande, instruerande och lugnande budskap som presenteras multimodalt och multisekventiellt. Den längre versionen förutsätter mer omfattande förkunskaper och större behov av information. Versionen på lätt svenska förutsätter dock några förkunskaper som inte förutsätts i den längre versionen. Det är till exempel förkunskaper om hur ett fästingbett ser ut och de förkunskaper som krävs för att kunna tolka fotografiska närbilder. Versionen på lätt svenska förutsätter även att modelläsaren behöver fler förklaringar och instruerande budskap. Resultaten antyder vad versionerna förutsätter hos de empiriska mottagarna och föranleder en diskussion om hur versionernas höga krav på hälsolitteracitet kan hindra brukarvänligheten. Resultaten visar dock att versionernas utformning ger möjligheter för breda grupper att tillgodogöra sig innehållet. Studien belyser några viktiga utmaningar som är relevanta när texter ska mottagaranpassas till breda grupper. / <p>Uppsatsen ingår i kursen språkrådgivning och textvård magisterkurs, 30 hp.</p>

Not everyone can understand the regular news reports that are broadcast on television. The Swedish public service television company (SVT) therefore produces the newscast News in easy Swedish (Nyheter på lätt svenska), where the language is simplified. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the comprehensibility of the audiovisual language in News in easy Swedish. Another purpose is to compare the level of comprehension in the audiovisual language in News in easy Swedish with that in SVT's regular newscast Aktuellt and Rapport. The foundation point is what content can be considered understandable for an audience who needs more time and more straightforward information than others in order to understand. The target audience could be, for example, people with cognitive disabilities. No individuals from the target group have been interviewed. Instead, knowledge of what is understandable to them has been obtained from projects where the target group is represented: Inclusion Europe (no date), Comprehensive text (Begriplig text) (2019) and EASIT (2021).  A total of seven news units have been transcribed, analyzed and compared. Five of these come from News in easy Swedish, one from Rapport and one from Aktuellt. The analytical methods utilized have been both quantitative and qualitative. The verbal auditory language has been analyzed using traditional readability methods, such as LIX and nominal ratio. Speech rate has been considered, but not inflection. The exposure time of images has been estimated and the presence of environmental noise has been noted. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis was made of how different semiotic resources interact. Finally, the results from the different news items were compared with each other.  The readability analysis illustrates that in the analyzed material there are no major differences in the level of verbal difficulty between News in easy Swedish, Rapport and Aktuellt. One of the news items on News in easy Swedish has the highest LIX and nominal ratio results, which indicates that it is the most difficult. At the same time, another news item from News in easy Swedish results in the lowest values, indicating that it is the easiest to comprehend.  No example was found in the material regarding how the semiotic resources counteract each other and thus affect information to becoming more difficult to understand. On the other hand, there are examples of news items where an improved collaboration between the semiotic elements could enable enhanced comprehension, for example through a more concise description of what is seen and heard. News in easy Swedish does not have its own film team but reworks material produced for other news programs. The program News in easy Swedish is just under five minutes long and is broadcast five days a week. The lack of own material and the short duration of newscasts are two factors that limit the prospect of creating comprehensible news for an audience who requires more time to be able to understand.