Ätstörningar är ett ökande problem i samhället och orsakar personligt lidande. Individer som drabbats av ätstörningar kan få en påverkan på aktiviteter i vardagen. Vanor, motivation och utförande i aktiviteter påverkas negativt av sjukdomen. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga hur personers med ätstörningar tillfriskningsprocess kan stärkas genom delaktighet i aktivitet. Studiens design var en scoping review. Datainsamling gjordes genom sökningar i databaserna CINAHL with full text, AMED och Psychinfo. Sökningen av litteratur resulterade i nio artiklar och åtta artiklar från manuella sökningar, vilket mynnade ut i totalt 17 artiklar. Artiklarna var publicerade mellan år 2002-2020. Artiklarna analyserades genom en numerisk analys och en tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att personer med ätstörningars tillfriskningsprocess stärktes genom delaktighet i aktivitet. Delaktighet i aktivitet bidrog till en mer fungerande vardag och gav identitet och tillhörighet. Slutsatsen är att tillfriskningsprocessen från ätstörningar stärktes genom delaktighet i aktivitet samt bidrog till balanserade rutiner och struktur i vardagen. Delaktighet i aktivitet upplevdes meningsfullt och genererade glädje.

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Objective: Childhood loss of control (LOC) eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid conditions and present with disordered eating behaviors, such as overeating. This study sought to delineate shared and specific abnormalities in physiological, cognitive-motivational, and behavioral components of food-specific impulsivity in children with LOC eating and ADHD. Specifically, children’s reactivity and habituation to food and eating in the absence of hunger were examined. Methods: Within this community-based study, four groups of 8-13 year old children with LOC eating (n=24), ADHD (n=32), comorbid LOC eating/ADHD (n=9), and matched controls (n=34) received a standard laboratory test meal to establish satiety and were then exposed to their favorite snack food in a cue exposure/reactivity trial, while salivation and desire to eat were repeatedly assessed. Subsequently, they were offered a variety of snack foods ad libitum. Results: Children with LOC eating, ADHD, and LOC/ADHD did not differ from controls in salivary reactivity and habituation to food cues. Children with LOC eating and ADHD showed greater cue reactivity of the desire to eat than controls, but groups did not differ in its longer-term increments. At free access, only children with LOC/ADHD consumed significantly more energy than controls. Longer-term increments of desire to eat predicted greater energy intake beyond LOC/ADHD group status. Discussion: Desire to eat among children with comorbid LOC eating and ADHD was associated with overeating in the absence of hunger, which may contribute to excess weight gain. Delineation of the specific features of childhood LOC eating versus ADHD warrants further study.

Objective: Adolescents with binge-eating disorder (BED) are suffering from weight teasing and, as found in adults with BED, are likely to internalize weight bias. Weight teasing by mothers accounts for psychopathology in overweight, but sources of stigmatization are largely unknown in BED. This study sought to address familial weight bias in adolescents with overweight and BED by examining adolescents’ perceived parental weight teasing and weight bias internalization in relation to their eating disorder psychopathology and maternal stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs. Method: Adolescents with overweight and BED (BED; n = 40) were compared to a socio-demographically matched group with overweight only (OW) and a normal-weight control group (NW; each n = 25). They filled out the Perception of Teasing Scale, with parents as the source of teasing, the Weight Bias Internalization Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Their mothers filled out the Attitudes Toward and Beliefs about Obese Persons Scales. Results: Significantly higher perceived parental weight teasing and weight bias internalization were found in BED compared to OW and NW. Maternal stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs did not differ between groups and were not correlated with adolescents’ perceptions of being stigmatized. Perceived parental weight teasing predicted adolescents’ eating disorder psychopathology, however, this association was fully mediated by weight bias internalization. Discussion: These results indicate that adolescents with overweight and BED perceive weight teasing in their own families. As we found no significant association between adolescents’ perceptions of being stigmatized and maternal stigmatizing attitudes, future research should examine weight-related parent-child interaction or implicit measures of stigmatizing attitudes.

Objective: The efficacy of bariatric surgery has been proven; however, a subset of patients fails to achieve expected long-term weight loss postoperatively. As differences in surgery outcome may be influenced by heterogeneous psychological profiles in pre-bariatric patients, previous subtyping models differentiated patients based on temperament traits. The objective of the present study was to expand these models by additionally considering emotion dysregulation and disinhibited eating behaviors for subtyping, as these factors were associated with maladaptive eating behaviors and poor post-bariatric weight loss outcome. Methods: Within a prospective multicenter registry, N = 370 pre-bariatric patients were examined using interview and self-report questionnaires. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify subtypes based on temperament traits, emotion dysregulation, and disinhibited eating behaviors. Results: Five pre-bariatric subtypes were identified with specific profiles regarding self control, emotion dysregulation, and disinhibited eating behaviors. Subtypes were associated with different levels of eating disorder psychopathology, depression, and quality of life. The expanded model increased variance explanation compared to temperament-based models. Conclusion: By adding emotion dysregulation and disinhibited eating behaviors to previous subtyping models, specific pre-bariatric subtypes emerged with distinct psychological deficit patterns. Future investigations should test the predictive value of these subtypes for post bariatric weight loss and health-related outcomes.

Despite potentially severe medical consequences of pica and rumination disorder (RD), little is known about their prevalence and association with other psychopathology in childhood. As a part of a larger population-based study, 804 youths aged 7–14 years and their parents were asked about their experience of pica and RD behaviors, and associated eating, feeding and general psychopathology. A total of 12.31% and 11.49% of youth reported having engaged in pica or RD behaviors at least once. Recurring pica or RD behaviors had been experienced by 4.98% and 1.49% of the participants. The behaviors showed a significant, but small correlation with one another (r = .28, p < .01). Correlations with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) were significant, but small (pica: r = .18, RD: r = .27, both p < .01). Prevalence rates of recurring pica behavior were significantly increased if recurring RD was present (58.33%), and also greater vice versa (17.50%). The prevalence rates for recurrent pica and RD behaviors were also increased in the presence of an ARFID diagnosis (both behaviors 12.0%). However, correlations with restraint, eating, weight, and shape concern were nonsignificant (all p > .05). In addition, RD behavior was positively correlated with emotional and conduct problems (r = .15 and .22, both p < .01) and both behaviors were negatively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = −.10 and −.09, both p < .05). Our findings underscore the clinical significance of pica and RD behaviors. More research is warranted on both disorders, their association and their relation with ARFID, in order to reach a further understanding of their presentation and to ascertain diagnostic validity.

Utvecklingen av smartphones har gjort att det uppkommit flera applikationer som ska hjälpa människor att mäta deras hälsa. Egenmätnings-applikationer som t.ex. kaloriräknare har däremot visat sig vara problematiska då de används av personer med ätstörningsbeteende. För att människor ska känna välmående måste de uppleva autonomi. För att uppleva autonomi måste människor känna sig motiverade och att de är i kontroll över deras egna val. Studien undersöker hur kaloriräknare kan designas för att främja autonomi hos människor med ätstörningsbeteende. Studien har genomfört en litteraturstudie för att identifiera designutmaningar. Designutmaningarna har därefter försökt hanteras i två prototyper. Prototyperna har hanterat designutmaningarna på olika sätt för att bättre förstå vad som stöttar autonomi. Prototyperna har sedan utvärderats och diskuterats i fokusgrupper.  Resultatet från fokusgrupperna utvärderades utifrån autonomi, och analysen resulterade i tio teman, indelade i två kategorier. Dessa teman diskuterades sedan och bidrog till lärdomar om hur kaloriräknare kan designas för att stötta autonomi hos människor med ätstörningsbeteende. / The development of smartphones has led to the emergence of several applications that will help people measure their health. Self-tracking applications such as calorie counters, on the other hand, have proven to be problematic because they are used by people with eating disorders. People must experience autonomy to be able to accomplish well-being. To experience autonomy, people must feel motivated and in control of their own choices. The study examines how calorie counters can be designed to promote autonomy for people with eating disorders. The study has conducted a literature review to identify design challenges. The design challenges resulted in two prototypes. The prototypes handled the design challenges in different ways to better understand what supports autonomy. The prototypes were then evaluated and discussed in focus groups.  The results from the focus groups were evaluated on the basis of autonomy, and the analysis resulted in ten themes, divided into two categories. These themes were then discussed and contributed to lessons learned on how calorie counters can be designed to support autonomy for people with eating disorder behaviors.

Eating Disorders from a gender perspective: disease, or part of life? Bc. Kristýna Kaválková ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with a problem of "eating disorders", which are defined in medical literature, media and magazines as psychological disease, which relates to pathological way of dealing with food, body and himself/herself. It shows that that this area is not neutral from the gender point of view; eating disorders are usually women's matter. Based on semi-structured interviews within the framework of qualitative research, this work analyses opinions of women, who have experience with this, especially their experience of their physicality and daily life. It is also focused on how women perceive the presentation of eating disorders, which concerns them, in media, medical publications and society and how they interpret their status as those who are recovering from this illness. Women's testimonies point at the fact that their surroundings look at them as persons defined through their illness, as persons, who are exclusively connected with pathology and stigma. This view of surroundings, media and specialists, however, omit the diversity of human identities. It shows that women alone can interpret their experiences in different way. They perceive their eating disorder in the context of dominant discourse...

Binge-eating disorder (BED) was first included as its own diagnostic entity in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) within the Feeding and Eating Disorders section.1 BED’s hallmark feature is recurrent binge eating, involving the consumption of an amount of food that is definitively larger than what others would eat under comparable circumstances within a certain time, associated with a feeling of loss of control over eating. Diagnosis of BED according to DSM-5 (307.59) requires this objective binge eating to occur at least once per week over 3 months. In contrast to binge eating in bulimia nervosa, binge eating in BED occurs without regular inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, or laxative misuse. Binge eating in BED is further characterized by behavioral abnormalities, such as eating rapidly or until feeling uncomfortably full, and results in marked distress.

Introduction: Among eating disorders, the binge eating is the most common disorder with prevalence to 7,8%. It is frequently connected with overweight, or obesity. Current treatment of binge eating is based on psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and regime approach. Recently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears as hopeful therapeutic method, for example used with success as an alternative therapy to treatment of resistant major depresion. Because of its non-invasiveness, good tolerability and minimal side effects, new options of its use are studied. It seems to be a promising therapeutic method for treatment of eating disorders. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered as main experimental target of stimulation for treatment of binge eating disorder. Methods: Study was conceived randomized double-blind placebo controlled. The active group was stimulated by high-frequency rTMS, with stimulation parameters: frequency 10Hz, 1500 pulses, 107s inter-train, 100 % minimal motor threshold and 10 sessions of stimulation. The control grooup was stimulated by sham rTMS coil. Both groups completed FCQ-S and FCQ- T questionnaire before stimulation, after 10. session and one month after 10. session. Results: We noticed statistically significant decrease of craving in FCQ-S questionnaire after 10. session...