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On legal-philosophical grounds the constitutional protection of socio-economic rights has been the subject of much debate. The question is whether socio-economical rights should be protected by a constitution and, if so, to what extent. In this study a theological-ethical evaluation is done about socio-economical rights and the protection thereof. This is done by examining certain Biblical themes and parts of Scripture of the Old and New Testament. From this investigation it is clear that socioeconomical rights are very important human rights that must be protected as effectively as possible. Several points of view on the constitutional protection of socio-economical rights are investigated and evaluated. These points of view are based on legal-philosophical grounds and argue respectively against the constitutional protection of socioeconomical rights, the protection of socio-economical rights as directive principles and the protection of socio-economical rights as fundamental rights. From this investigation it is clear that in principle the constitutional protection of socioeconomical rights as fundamental rights is the most effective way to protect these rights. The current state of affairs with regard to socio-economical rights in the Constitution of South-Africa is also investigated and evaluated. From this investigation it is clear that the Constitution does protect certain socio-economic rights, but not all of them. The rights to labour, clothing and scientific progress do not occur in the Constitution. In principle the right to labour is a very important socio-economic right and it leads to the realization of other socio-economic rights. The Constitution of South Africa also has several measures in place to ensure the protection of socio-economic rights. In spite of these measures, the socio-economic rights in the Constitution remain little more than rights on paper. There state, private sector, church and each individual will still have to do a lot to ensure the protection of socio-economic rights in South-Africa. / Thesis (M.Th. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Propõe-se estudo teórico com o objetivo de examinar a extensão e os limites da proteção jurídica concedida aos nascituros no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Há décadas a doutrina nacional se debruça acerca da exegese mais adequada do art. 4 do Código Civil de 1916, que, atualmente, corresponde ao art. 2 do Código Civil, com pequenas modificações textuais, mas sem alterar substancialmente o dispositivo. O Código Civil aparentemente optou pela atribuição da personalidade civil somente após o nascimento com vida, assegurando, contudo, os direitos do nascituro desde a concepção. O próprio Código Civil prevê expressamente direitos ao nascituro, como o direito a se beneficiar de doação e herança, o direito ao reconhecimento de paternidade e o direito à curatela. Nas últimas décadas outras leis infraconstitucionais reforçaram a proteção do nascituro, para resguardar direitos próprios do nascituro, entre eles o direito à assistência pré-natal, o direito à saúde e à integridade física e o direito aos alimentos. Não obstante, é costumeira a consciência de que o reconhecimento desses direitos pressupõe a concessão da personalidade civil desde a concepção, visto que a titularidade deles dependeria do gozo pleno da personalidade. Embora, pelo perfil do interesse, não haja óbice ao reconhecimento de situações patrimoniais, existenciais e dúplices, que podem ser titularizadas pelo nascituro, a preocupação do legislador nacional sempre se centrou nos aspectos patrimoniais. Diante da existência de situações jurídicas subjetivas merecedoras de proteção por parte do ordenamento jurídico titularizáveis pelos nascituros, pretende-se identificar e revelar os direitos extrapatrimoniais do ente por nascer como merecedores de tutela no direito brasileiro. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, observada a metodologia do direito civil constitucional, serão examinados os conceitos de nascituro, bem como as teorias existentes sobre os direitos que lhe são assegurados, com vista à possibilidade de proteção de seus direitos existenciais / The proposal is a theoretical study with the objective of examining the extent and limits of the legal protection granted to the unborn in the Brazilian legal system. For decades, the national doctrine deals about the most appropriate exegesis of art. 4 (1) of the Civil Code of 1916, which, currently, corresponds to art. 2 (1) of the Civil Code, with small textual changes, but without substantial changes. The Civil Code apparently opted for attribution of civil personality only after birth with life, ensuring, however, the rights of the unborn child from conception. The Civil Code itself expressly provides for rights to the unborn child, such as, for example, the right to benefit from donations and inheritance, the right to recognition of paternity and the right curatorship. In recent decades other federal laws reinforced the protection of the unborn child to safeguard their rights, such as, for example, the right to pre-natal care, right to health and physical integrity and alimony rights. Nevertheless, it is usual to realize that the recognition of these rights requires the granting of civil personality from conception, since the entitlement to such rights would depend on the full enjoyment of civil personality. Although, by the profile of interest, there is no obstacle to the recognition of economic, existential or multiple situations, that can be held by the unborn child, the concern of the national legislator always focused on economic aspects. Before the existence of subjective legal situations deserving of protection on the part of the legal system attributed to the unborn, this work aims to identify and disclose the non-economic rights of the unborn as being worthy of protection in Brazilian law. Through bibliographic research, observed the civil-constitutional methodology of civil law, there will be examined the concepts of unborn children, as well as the existing theories about the rights which are guaranteed, with a view to the possibility of protecting their existential rights.

Propõe-se estudo teórico com o objetivo de examinar a extensão e os limites da proteção jurídica concedida aos nascituros no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Há décadas a doutrina nacional se debruça acerca da exegese mais adequada do art. 4 do Código Civil de 1916, que, atualmente, corresponde ao art. 2 do Código Civil, com pequenas modificações textuais, mas sem alterar substancialmente o dispositivo. O Código Civil aparentemente optou pela atribuição da personalidade civil somente após o nascimento com vida, assegurando, contudo, os direitos do nascituro desde a concepção. O próprio Código Civil prevê expressamente direitos ao nascituro, como o direito a se beneficiar de doação e herança, o direito ao reconhecimento de paternidade e o direito à curatela. Nas últimas décadas outras leis infraconstitucionais reforçaram a proteção do nascituro, para resguardar direitos próprios do nascituro, entre eles o direito à assistência pré-natal, o direito à saúde e à integridade física e o direito aos alimentos. Não obstante, é costumeira a consciência de que o reconhecimento desses direitos pressupõe a concessão da personalidade civil desde a concepção, visto que a titularidade deles dependeria do gozo pleno da personalidade. Embora, pelo perfil do interesse, não haja óbice ao reconhecimento de situações patrimoniais, existenciais e dúplices, que podem ser titularizadas pelo nascituro, a preocupação do legislador nacional sempre se centrou nos aspectos patrimoniais. Diante da existência de situações jurídicas subjetivas merecedoras de proteção por parte do ordenamento jurídico titularizáveis pelos nascituros, pretende-se identificar e revelar os direitos extrapatrimoniais do ente por nascer como merecedores de tutela no direito brasileiro. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, observada a metodologia do direito civil constitucional, serão examinados os conceitos de nascituro, bem como as teorias existentes sobre os direitos que lhe são assegurados, com vista à possibilidade de proteção de seus direitos existenciais / The proposal is a theoretical study with the objective of examining the extent and limits of the legal protection granted to the unborn in the Brazilian legal system. For decades, the national doctrine deals about the most appropriate exegesis of art. 4 (1) of the Civil Code of 1916, which, currently, corresponds to art. 2 (1) of the Civil Code, with small textual changes, but without substantial changes. The Civil Code apparently opted for attribution of civil personality only after birth with life, ensuring, however, the rights of the unborn child from conception. The Civil Code itself expressly provides for rights to the unborn child, such as, for example, the right to benefit from donations and inheritance, the right to recognition of paternity and the right curatorship. In recent decades other federal laws reinforced the protection of the unborn child to safeguard their rights, such as, for example, the right to pre-natal care, right to health and physical integrity and alimony rights. Nevertheless, it is usual to realize that the recognition of these rights requires the granting of civil personality from conception, since the entitlement to such rights would depend on the full enjoyment of civil personality. Although, by the profile of interest, there is no obstacle to the recognition of economic, existential or multiple situations, that can be held by the unborn child, the concern of the national legislator always focused on economic aspects. Before the existence of subjective legal situations deserving of protection on the part of the legal system attributed to the unborn, this work aims to identify and disclose the non-economic rights of the unborn as being worthy of protection in Brazilian law. Through bibliographic research, observed the civil-constitutional methodology of civil law, there will be examined the concepts of unborn children, as well as the existing theories about the rights which are guaranteed, with a view to the possibility of protecting their existential rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aparecida Dinalli.pdf: 3549911 bytes, checksum: b1e85dd3d3fdcec495aeacff6cc2a5d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / In this research, we studied the nature of the politic-institutional of the captainship, in the early Portuguese colonization in Brazil. We analyzed the conception Constitution and its semantic evolution and juridical-history within the modern political history. The idea of the written constitution, instrument of political institutionalization, is a cultural fact and therefore historical. The Constitution must be inspired in the social conditions and in the historical traditions of the people to whom they are destined. From the reading and analysis of the granting letters and captainship charters, we juridical system on which the colonization was established in the oversea period from 1532/49. We analyzed the contents of the Captainship charters and found that before the endowment letters of the British colonies in America, in which some authors foresee the beginning of the Constitution, the roots of our political constitution. The Granting Letters by the structural character of their forms, by the definition of attribution and powers, by fiscal identification, by the administrative forms, and by proposition of laws and duties of the dwellers worked as a basic document, a statute of Brazil in that time. The characters might contain disposition on taxes in general, on penalties to the various types of crime or contraventions, the military duty the civil freedom and patrimonial warrants; the utilization of forests and pasture, the onus and from of judicial proofs in conclusion, the charters were true Constitutional Letters . In the Gronting Letters and Captainship Charters , we find the constitutional roots of Brazil. / Nesta pesquisa, estudamos a natureza político-institucional das Capitanias, nos primórdios da colonização portuguesa no Brasil. Analisamos o conceito no vocábulo constituição , sua evolução semântica e histórico-jurídica dentro da história política moderna. A ideia de Constituição escrita, instrumento de institucionalização política, é um fato cultural e, portanto, histórico. As constituições devem se inspirar nas condições sociais e nas tradições históricas do povo para o qual elas se destinam. Da leitura e análise das cartas de doação e dos forais das Capitanias, conhecemos o regime jurídico sobre o qual a colonização se estabeleceu no Ultramar no período de 1532/49. Analisamos o conteúdo dos forais das capitanias e demonstramos que neles se encontram, anteriores às cartas de direitos das colônias inglesas da América, em que alguns autores entreveem embriões de constituição , as raízes de nossas constituições políticas. A carta de Doação , pelo caráter estrutural de suas normas, pela definição de atribuições e poderes, pela discriminação fiscal, pelas normas administrativas e pelo enunciado de direitos e deveres dos moradores funcionou como documento básico, em estatuto do Brasil nascente. Os forais podiam conter disposições sobre os impostos em geral, sobre multas para os diversos tipos de crimes e contravenções; o serviço militar; as liberdades civis e garantias patrimoniais; o aproveitamento de matas e pastagens; o ônus e forma de provas judiciais em conclusão, os forais eram verdadeiras cartas constitucionais . Nas Cartas de Doações e Forais de Capitanias encontramos as raízes constitucionais do Brasil.

This work aims to describe the basic principles and characteristics of economic rights in copyright with regard to historical development, international and European legal framework. Economic rights in copyright are divided into two groups, namely the right to use the work and other economic rights. The work is dedicated to both groups with an emphasis on the use of work by public, taking into account the current SDEU case law and the effects of international and European law. Attention is also paid to the wider concept of the thing in the legal sense, as the Civil Code adopted in 2012 introduced again explicitly the concept of intangible things. As a result, this work deals also with the issue of their transferability. The theoretical method of research is used in the thesis. Work is based mainly on the commentary literature to the copyright act and the rules governing copyright at national, international and European level. In regard to the fact that copyright law is constantly evolving and new forms of use are emerging the legislation cannot flexibly react to these changes and therefore also the relevant decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Czech courts are used. The work is systematically divided into three main chapters: (i) general characteristics of copyright, (ii)...

Magister Legum - LLM

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / In assessing government ECD policy, this thesis focuses on three areas; access, quality, and costs. The study draws on interviews with key stakeholders working within the ECD sector generally, and uses survey data from a case study of Brown's Farm area in Cape Town. The research found that, some ten years down the line, ECD provision is still mostly privately provided by the informal sector through community-based facilities. Both formal and informal ECD facilities are unevenly spatially distributed such that they do not yet reach the most vulnerable poor children, especially in rural areas and informal settlements.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / This study adopts a comparative approach to analysing the realisation of socioeconomic rights by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights as compared with the European Commission and the Inter-American Commission. It examines the different approaches the Commission has adopted in interpreting the socioeconomic rights provision of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights with a view to assessing its appropriateness or otherwise. In addition, the study discusses some of the major challenges facing the African Commission which sometimes makes it difficult for the Commission to meet its obligations in realising socioeconomic rights guaranteed in the Charter. It then compares the approach of the African Commission with other regional human rights bodies such as the European Courts on Human Rights and the Intern-American Commission on Human Rights. It concludes by noting that the African Commission can learn some lessons from the experiences of the European and Inter-American systems on human rights with regard to the realisation of socioeconomic rights.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Public Law / unrestricted