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South Africa's past industrial decentralisation policies have come under intense criticism for being economically inefficient and an inappropriate means of providing employment. The result of state intervention from the 1970s in the locality of Richards Bay/Empangeni, has led to the establishment of many unlinked, globally competing industries in the area, which the local economy has come to rely heavily upon. Public as well as private organisations of the area have in place many social upliftment initiatives developed in response to the high poverty and unemployment in the area. By employing survey research techniques to collect the necessary data, this research study undertakes a social scientific approach to analysing the socio·economic impact that these industries and large firms have had on the area and documents the current social investment initiatives they have in place. Local Economic Development (LED) initiatives, as a pro-poor response to community upliftment, are firmly placed in the local municipality's LED strategy, and from which, the area now receives considerable benefit. Results show that there is a positive public·private partnership approach to local development in the area with all sectors being actively involved in community benefit and poverty alleviation initiatives. / Thesis (M.A)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

This thesis is an anthropological study of local understandings of economic development in a small regional town in far North Queensland, Australia. How do preferences regarding lifestyle and social wellbeing impact on those living in the community? The study takes a particular interest in the aspirations, values and choices of the residents and their desires for the future and the future of their town. Throughout this thesis I argue that social wellbeing and lifestyle are important factors in Cardwell residents' choices and feature predominantly in their approaches to economic development. I contextualise this study through a comparative analysis of the effects of economic development on the wellbeing and lifestyle of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in the Cardwell region of north Australia. This comparison arises firstly from an anthropological interest in the circumstances of Australian Aboriginal people as a significant minority in regional towns. Explicit attention is directed toward the Aboriginal people of the Cardwell region as they constitute a socially and culturally distinct sector of the local population. Secondly, my study explores ways in which comparative work of this kind may be instructive on cultural issues relevant to economic development. This is a study of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, who live in similar circumstances, and who, I propose, regard factors other than economic development as important. It is argued that while the Cardwell region does not provide ample nor a variety of economic opportunities, outward migration remains undesirable to many residents.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 stevani_scp_me_rcla.pdf: 361502 bytes, checksum: a3b47d6a1e05cacd4c6ef52f58cbfb72 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma análise que se inclinou sobre um viés ainda pouco estudado da obra de Caio Prado Júnior: o aspecto regional na formação do território brasileiro. Buscou-se, para tanto, identificar na interpretação dada pelo Autor, a gênese das políticas baseadas na prática de mando e nas relações coronelistas. Paralelamente, considerando-se as dimensões econômicas da obra de Caio, refletiu-se sobre o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado que marcou a formação territorial do Brasil e que resultou na grande desigualdade das regiões que compõem o território nacional. Para tanto, analisou-se os livros Diretrizes para uma política econômica brasileira (1954), História Econômica do Brasil (1979), Evolução Política do Brasil – Colônia e Império (2007) e Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo – Colônia (2008). Por fim, buscou-se estabelecer uma correspondência entre o regionalismo que caracteriza a atual governabilidade brasileira e as disparidades regionais / This subject intended to show the results of the analysis that based on a bias still little studied about the work of Caio Prado Júnior: the regional aspect in the formation of the Brazilian territory. It was found that identify in the interpretation given by the author, the genesis of the policies based on practice in the relations of the power and the coronelistas relations. At the same time, considering the economic parameters Caio‟s, we thought about on the combined and uneven development that marked the territorial formation of Brazil. It showed a great difference great of the regions forming the national territory. For this purpose, we analyzed the books: Diretrizes para uma política econômica brasileira (1954), História Econômica do Brasil (1979), Evolução Política do Brasil – Colônia e Império (2007) e Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo – Colônia (2008). Finally, we sought to establish a correspondence between the regionalism that characterizes the current Brazilian government and differences regional

Orientador: Alexandre Walmott Borges / Banca: Aguinaldo Alemar / Banca: Yvete Flávio da Costa / Resumo: Na produção social do espaço capitalista, O Estado e o próprio capital são elementos fundamentais desse processo. A acumulação de capital na atividade de produção do etanol tem ligação direta com as transformações no cenário social e espacial. Na cidade de Delta- MG , habita uma parcela da população de trabalhadores temporários e outra que depende da atividade desenvolvida nas lavouras de cana-de-açúcar. Essa dependência causa uma mudança em toda a estrutura do município em especial no serviço público. O trabalho tem como fundamento a questão do impacto social, a desconstrução dos direitos sociais e sua inefetividade mediante a implementação do mercado de etanol no município de Delta-MG a partir da atividade canavieira. A desigualdade social no município pesquisado é flagrante. O cultivo de cana de açúcar possibilita ganhos efetivos aos detentores dos meios de produção e um empobrecimento diário daqueles que contribuem para o aumento das cifras econômicas do mercado de etanol no Brasil e no mundo. Os direitos sociais não existem nem mesmo no papel. Ele é idealizado por parte da população daquele município Assim constata-se que o Estado não está presente na promoção dos direitos fundamentais sociais, caros ao homem do Século XXI / Abstract: Dans la production sociale de l'espace capitaliste, L'État et le capital lui-même sont des éléments clés de ce processus. L'accumulation de capital dans l'activité de production d'éthanol est directement liée aux transformations dans l'établissement social et spatial. Dans la ville de Delta-MG, habitant une partie de la population des travailleurs temporaires et un autre qui dépend de l'activité développée dans les domaines de la canne à sucre. Cette dépendance entraîne une modification de la structure entiÉre de la ville en particulier dans la fonction publique. Le travail est basé sur la question de l'impact social, la déconstruction des droits sociaux et leur inefficacité à travers la mise en oeuvre du marché de l'éthanol dans la municipalité de Delta-MG à partir de la production de canne à sucre. Les inégalités sociales dans la ville étudiée est flagrante. La culture de la canne à sucre permet partie efficace des gains aux détenteurs des moyens de production et un appauvrissement de ceux qui contribuent quotidiennement à l'augmentation des chiffres économiques du marché de l'éthanol au Brésil et dans le monde. Les droits sociaux n'existent pas encore sur papier. Il est idéalisé par la population de ce comté ainsi, il apparaît que l'Etat n'est pas présent dans la promotion des droits sociaux fondamentaux, aux hommes du XXIe siécle / Mestre

Orientador: Carla Kazue Nakao Cavaliero / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T04:28:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_AndreFrazao_D.pdf: 1282013 bytes, checksum: 81e5a3bfee8659fa4b13507c4817ccf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta tese faz uma análise sobre a eletrificação rural para as comunidades isoladas do Brasil, mais especificamente para aquelas situadas distantes dos grandes centros consumidores, localizadas na região Norte e extremos da região Centro-Oeste do país. Analisou-se o atual programa vigente para a eletrificação rural no país contemplando as comunidades isoladas, qual seja o programa ?Luz para Todos?, verificando que este ainda possui limitações institucionais, metodológicas e financeiras para uma efetiva universalização do atendimento. Neste cenário, propôs-se a viabilização de uma política específica para a eletrificação das comunidades isoladas, com a criação inicial de um banco de dados e um planejamento por etapas, o qual inclui elementos de um Planejamento Integrado de Recursos, especificamente quanto à programação do processo de eletrificação, ao gerenciamento pelo lado da demanda (GLD) e à análise de custos completa ou multiobjetiva, para a definição da melhor opção para a geração distribuída de energia. O planejamento proposto inclui também elementos de um modelo de desenvolvimento endógeno, especificamente quanto aos investimentos em cadeia para a infra-estrutura, aos investimentos em capital humano local e à formação de redes para o mesmo fim. / Abstract: This paper analyzes the electrification process used for the isolated communities in rural Brazil, more specifically those farther from the great consuming centers, located in the country's Northern region and the extremities of the Mid-Western region. The current program for the agricultural electrification, the "Energy for All", was analyzed taking into consideration these isolated communities. This analysis showed that this program still has institutional, methodological, and financial limitations, which prevent it from achieving a broader and more effective service. With those issues in mind a proposal with specific policies geared towards the isolated communities was developed. The proposal included the creation of a data base and a ?stages' plan, which includes elements of an Integrated Planning Resources (especially when it comes to the distribution and implementation of energy), a Demand Side Management (DSM), and a complete or multi objective analysis of costs, which would help define the best option for the distribution and generation of energy. The considered proposal also includes elements of an endogenous model of development, more specifically the chain of investments for the infrastructure, investments in local human capital and the development of networks / Doutorado / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Orientador: Marcos Cesar Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Orsi_Leticia_M.pdf: 4925323 bytes, checksum: a0d8a8a7a7aa4c9ba0af729a8a481cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa contribui para o debate sobre o processo de desflorestamento na região Amazônia, a partir de uma abordagem fundamentada na análise da evolução espaço-temporal do uso e ocupação do assentamento rural de Machadinho d'Oeste, Rondônia, tendo como material básico de estudo, dados de sensoriamento remoto e dados socioeconômicos. Considera-se neste estudo que, o processo de desflorestamento regional é conseqüência direta da expansão da fronteira agrícola iniciada no final da década de 60, impulsionada pelas políticas de incentivos governamentais de ocupação e desenvolvimento local. O objetivo foi avaliar se as taxas de desflorestamento das propriedades estavam em acordo com a legislação ambiental - em especial, o Zoneamento Socioeconômico-Ecológico do estado de Rondônia. Para isto, dados de um mapeamento multitemporal de uso e cobertura das terras elaborado a partir de imagens orbitais Landsat TM, para os anos de 1988, 1994 e 1998, foram utilizados como instrumento de monitoramento da evolução do desflorestamento em propriedades situadas na Gleba 2 do assentamento. Foram diferenciados 3 tipos de produtores residentes na área de estudo: os que desflorestaram até 60% da área de suas propriedades - limite proposto no ZEE, e aqueles que desflorestaram área excedentes a este percentual, subdivididos ainda de acordo com o ritmo inicial do desflorestamento: intenso, se a taxa estivesse acima de 10 ha nos 5 primeiros anos e não-intenso, se a taxa de desflorestamento fosse inferior a 10 ha nos primeiros 5 anos. Estes resultados provenientes do sensoriamento remoto foram integrados a dados socioeconômicos dos produtores rurais, obtidos por meio de entrevistas realizadas pela Embrapa em 1986 e 1996, com o objetivo de se resgatar a dimensão humana do processo de desflorestamento ocorrido na área de estudo. Nesta etapa, foram analisadas variáveis demo gráficas, relativas à propriedade e variáveis econômicas dos produtores assentados, com o intuito de inferir sobre os possíveis fatores condicionantes do desflorestamento nestas propriedades. As principais conclusões indicaram que dentre as variáveis estudadas, idade do produtor, pessoas na família, tempo de residência, ativos agrícolas, mão-de-obra extra-familiar, assistência técnica, número de proprietários anteriores e nível de riqueza apresentaram associação direta com o padrão de desflorestamento praticado. E as variáveis origem do produtor, área da propriedade, atividade extra agrícola e acesso a linhas de crédito não apresentaram associação / Abstract: This research aims to contribute to the debate on Amazonic region deforestation process through an analysis on the spatial-temporal evolution of use and occupation of the rural settlement Machadinho d'Oeste in Rondonia based on remote sensing and socioeconomic data. We consider that the deforestation process results directly of the expansion of agricultural borders begun at the end of the sixties promoted by governmental policies of occupation and local development. The aim was to evaluate the accordance of the deforestation rates in each property with the environmental law - specially the Rondonia state law on Ecological Socioeconomic Zoning (ESZ). As an instrument for monitoring the deforestation evolution in properties located at Gleba 2 of the settlement, we used data obtained from a multitemporal mapping of land use and land cover made from Landsat TM satellite remote sensing images taken in 1988, 1994 and 1998. Three kinds of producers were identified in the study area: those who deforested up to 60% of their lands - limit proposed by the ESZ - and those who over deforested the permitted 60%. The latter group was divided according to the initial deforestation rhythm: intense, rates over 10 ha in the first 5 years and non-intense, rates under 10 ha in the first 5 years. These outcomes from remote sensing data were crossed with socioeconomic data obtained by Embrapa through interviews with rural producers in 1986 and 1996 aiming to comprehend the human dimension of deforestation process occurred in the area. In this stage were analyzed demographic and economical variables concerning property and settled producers, in order to infer about the possible leading factors to deforestation in these properties. The main conc1usions have shown that amongst the considered variables some presents direct association with practiced patterns of deforesting, such as: producer's age, number of people in the family, years lived on the farm, number of people working the land, number of extra-familiar workers, technical assistance, number of previous owners and leveI of wealth. Other variables such as: producer's origin, property' s extension, extra-agricultural activities and access to credit lines have not presented association with the above mentioned patterns of deforesting / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

M.A. / A new welfare policy which introduced the developmental approach in the welfare system was implemented during 1997 in South Africa. The developmental approach encourages the introduction of social programs that contribute directly to economic development in the communities. Developmental social welfare implies a variety of role players in a system of social services which focus on social development. Social workers happen to be one of them. A developmental social welfare policy implies that social work should shift focus of attention to strategies that would contribute to social development. The extent of basic development needs in our country demands that social workers should clearly define their roles and outputs at this point in time so as to address these needs and outline their distinctive professional contribution in a social welfare system within socio-economic development. The focus of this people-driven, people-centred approach is on developing human capacity and self-reliance within an enabling environment. The community development process has a major contribution to make in realizing this objective. For community development to take place, people need to act collectively. People need to be organized in the community so that they can be able to function as a unit. Through community development, social workers unleash people's collective potential, build their capacity and help them to organize themselves around common concerns. However, social workers need to recognize the role played by economic factors in development initiatives. Realizing that the new developmental approach was just been introduced to social workers, this study seeks to explore and describe the attitude of social workers towards this paradigm shift.

Social enterprises are organisations which seek to meet social needs whilst generating their own financial returns. They are becoming increasingly important in South Africa as their approach is not dependent on philanthropy and is therefore largely self-sustainable. Meeting social needs can happen in many ways, but bottom up approaches, which are driven by the poor through providing access to satisifers for fundamental needs are becoming increasingly important. The impact which social enterprises have is not clearly understood and is seldom measured. There is a need to develop tools which are able to portray the social value of these impacts. This study seeks to explore the impact of three social enterprises in Cape Town. The study focuses on the social value of job creation, a pressing need across South Africa, and a social return common to all three enterprises. The study found that a primary concern for staff was job security and earning a decent wage, and without this as a starting point other social returns are minimised. Camaraderie and a sense pride are two important social returns which are also produced. The study also showed that producing social returns must be an intentional activity, and involves a process of negotiation and understanding the needs and values of different stakeholders.

The South African wine industry faces unique challenges in the socio-economic development of its farm labourers due to its historical context and development over the past three centuries. A long history of malpractice, a lasting paternalistic mentality, and only partial compliance to regulations to reduce inequality and improve livelihoods for farm labourers hinders the success of industry-wide transformation. Despite studies regarding the current state of living and working conditions in the wine industry and types of socio-economic development needed for successful transformation, little research has been done to address whether these initiatives are creating a lasting impact on the well-being of labourers. Research on current intervention strategies aimed at empowering labourers must take into account the origin of wine in the Cape region, the legacy of Apartheid, and the current state of socio-economic inequality amongst wine industry workers. The purpose of this research is to provide a better understanding of how and to what degree initiatives and programmes designed for socio-economic development are actually making an impact within the industry. The central research question asks: “to what extent has socio-economic development initiatives aimed at the transformation of wine farm labourers influenced perceptions of well-being?” This research combines both document analysis and qualitative comparative case study methods in assessing the impact these initiatives have had on labourers’ perceptions and attitudes towards personal development and a better standard of living. At the end of the study, the researcher wants to know how the labourers perceive socio-economic initiatives; do they actually believe themselves has having gained increased levels of respect, dignity, and equality, and have these perceptions been impacted by current socio-economic initiatives?.