This dissertation aims to interpret Chinese economic diplomacy in Visegrád countries since 2012. An accurate cognition of China's political-economic stance towards Visegrád countries is vital for bilateral relations. Since 2012, China has promoted a series of economic policies, namely 16+1 and OBOR, to build a closer relationship with Visegrád countries. However, the Visegrád countries are not equivalent to China in the world economy. By combining Constructivist analysis, this article will explain China's motivation, and Visegrád countries' significance. Then, by examining data, this article attempts to demonstrate bilateral outcomes in politics, economics, and cultures. Two major research methods refer to (1) qualitative analysis of data and (2) theoretical approach. Data have been collected from books, journals, credible internet sources and authoritative media. Theory refers to Alexander Wendt's Constructivism. Through these analyses, a comprehensive examination of the causes behind Chinese economic diplomacy in Visegrád countries is achieved. Outcomes of cooperation are both positive and negative. The future relations between China and Visegrád countries depend on mutual interactions. Keywords China, Economic Diplomacy, Visegrád countries, Constructivism, International Relations Range of...

本文旨在探討經濟外交理論對俄羅斯外交決策的影響。俄羅斯經濟外交政策主要是積極發展對外的經濟關係，創造對俄羅斯友善的國際環境，希望藉此帶動國內經濟的發展。而在俄羅斯牽涉經濟外交的各領域中，能源的因素尤其重要，由於俄羅斯境內蘊藏豐富的天然資源，尤其是天然氣，因此利用能源做為籌碼的經濟外交政策是俄羅斯對外政策中常見的情況。 而俄羅斯的經濟外交政策場域中，本文主要以近鄰和歐洲國家為主，由於許多俄羅斯的近鄰是前蘇聯的加盟共和國，同時也是能源的過境運輸國，因此俄羅斯常利用能源做為手段，藉此影響近鄰的對外政策。而歐洲國家大部份是俄羅斯的主要能源消費國，因此俄羅斯也可利用能源的出口為手段，打進歐洲各國的能源市場，藉此創造對俄羅斯友好的國際環境。 其中德國身為俄羅斯在歐洲最大的貿易夥伴，在政治和經濟上面的互動十分頻繁，德國主要從俄羅斯進口石油、天然氣。研究發現德國和其他歐洲國家相比，較為依賴俄羅斯能源的進口，因此給予俄羅斯對德國實行經濟外交戰略時的有效籌碼，特別是在天然氣領域中貿易互動方面，俄羅斯藉由能源公司對德國的能源領域的投資，企圖藉由深入德國的能源市場，進入歐洲的能源貿易體系。 / This thesis aims to discuss the Russian economic diplomacy. Russian economic diplomacy mainly focuses on using economic as a leverage to influence other countries policies to Russia with the purpose of creating an amicable international situation, and promoting Russian domestic economic situation. Due to the fact that Russia possesses various natural recourses, energy is the main theme in Russia economic diplomacy, especially natural gas. The topic of this study mainly discusses the economic diplomacy relations between Russia with near abroad and Europe. Most of the near abroad countries are former Soviet Union republics and the energy transit countries of Russia as well. As the result, Russia can use energy issue as a tool to sway these countries policies. Additionally, Russia can also utilize energy export to enter the Europe energy market because most of the European countries are the main energy consumer of Russia. The study has shown that German is the main political and economical partner of Russia, and is also the biggest trade partner and energy consumer of Russia compared to other countries throughout Europe. Thus, German is strongly dependent on Russia energy export, especially on petroleum and natural gas. This condition benefited Russia by providing a window for Russia to enter Germany energy market in terms of energy enterprise trade and investment to German. Furthermore, by entering German energy market, Russia can enter European energy trading system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Sandoval de Oliveira.pdf: 1035403 bytes, checksum: edc53fca14640dcca57078f8cc8d1022 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-08 / The dissertation will examine the internationalization of a group of major Chinese companies, aiming to characterize the process of internationalization and its goals and to answer to what extent the process can be explained by the usual standards of large companies around the world and to what extent the process follows, accompanies or is strongly conditioned by the state goals, as part of Chinese economic diplomacy. The hypothesis is that the internationalization of large Chinese companies are oriented towards ensuring access to and supply of ores, fuel and food, an issue vital to the security of China, as well as providing the domain of complex technological processes, a topic of great relevance to the objectives China's rise and consolidation of its development. The dissertation will also examine the instruments of state support for the internationalization of Chinese companies in order to determine their relevance for Chinese companies in the sample. It also seeks to examine China's economic diplomacy and its possible implications for the internationalization strategies of companies / A dissertação analisará a internacionalização de um grupo de grandes empresas chinesas, com o objetivo de caracterizar seu processo de internacionalização e seus objetivos, com destaque para a pergunta: em que medida o processo pode ser explicado pelos padrões usuais de grandes empresas pelo mundo e em que medida o processo obedece, acompanha ou é condicionado fortemente por objetivos de Estado, como parte da diplomacia econômica chinesa. A hipótese é que a internacionalização de grandes empresas chinesas está orientada para garantir o acesso e o fornecimento de minérios, combustíveis e alimentos, questão vital para a segurança da China, além de viabilizar o domínio de processos tecnológicos complexos, tema de grande relevância nos objetivos de ascensão da China e de consolidação do seu desenvolvimento. A dissertação analisará também os instrumentos estatais de apoio à internacionalização de empresas da China, de modo a verificar sua relevância para o grupo de empresas chinesas. Pretende também analisar a diplomacia econômica chinesa e suas possíveis implicações para as estratégias de internacionalização de empresas

中國欲發展成具國際影響力的大國，首先須充實自身實力，為了能夠專心致力於發展國內經濟、儲備經濟實力，中國需建立安全穩定的國內與國際環境，待實力完備後，自然能夠維護國家領土的完整，獲取應有的大國地位。於此前提與和平發展的趨勢下，中國遂提出「和諧世界」與「和平發展」之理念，大力提倡睦鄰外交，各國應互相尊重、加強互助合作，共建和諧世界。 在經濟全球化的浪潮下，透過深化與各國的經貿往來，中國和多國簽定經貿協定，成為經貿夥伴，此舉不僅有利中國建構穩定的國內及國際環境，也有利於中國在國際社會上塑造積極合作的正面形象。中國推展戰略合作夥伴關係，就是希望透過經濟與外交的兩手策略，一面利用戰略夥伴關係為經濟發展服務並確保戰略能源的來源，同時又藉由國內市場及經濟實力不斷的提高，增加外交的籌碼以利鞏固其國際地位，擁有發聲權。此一外交手段結合經濟活動與外交關係的推展，彼此相輔相成。 然而，在中國大力提倡經濟外交、追求互利雙贏的同時，中國運用經濟制裁此一較為負面、強制性的外交手段，以脅迫性的方式威脅他國退讓的案例亦時有所聞；而中國積極推行金元外交的行為，更強化美國對「中國威脅論」的討論。此外，西方國家對於中國在提出和諧世界的同時，其軍事國防預算卻不減反增這點時有爭議。為此，中國與西方基於立場的不同，各衍生出了不同的論述與闡釋。究竟中國和平崛起戰略之真實意涵為何，其實際作為與和諧世界之宣言是否相符，均有必要加以釐清。 本篇分別依中國與美國及中國與東協國家政經互動情況為例，探討當代中國經濟快速成長之後，其外交戰略是否因日益擴大的經濟實力有所改變，又會如何影響中國與他國互動，再從相關事件之發展與各方論點，進一步分析中國經濟外交策略與和平崛起戰略之關聯性，並試圖為中國對外政策未來的發展提出建議。 / To become a great power, first, China needs to enrich the economic strength to increase the international influence. Establishing a safe and stable domestic and international environment could help China to concentrate on developing the domestic economy in a harmonious world. In order to reach this goal, China proposed the concept of “harmonious world” and “peaceful rise” and promoted that all countries should respect and cooperate with each other. As economic globalization deepens the relationship of countries, China shapes a positive image of the active cooperation through the deepening of economic and trade contacts by making trade agreements with other countries. Trade agreements not only improve access for exporters and investors to both countries’ markets, reduce the barriers to trade, but also make participating countries’ closer and create a secure trading relationship. China use the economic and diplomatic strategy to ensure the energy source for economic development. Meanwhile, China increases barging chip by rising economic power. Even though China pursuit win-win and mutually beneficial’ economic diplomacy, China also uses the negative diplomacy ─ economic sanctions at the same time. Furthermore, the military budget of China increased year by year. To this end, the Western countries suspect the true meaning of China’s “peaceful rise” and intensify the discussion of the "China threat theory". According to the examples of China and the United States of America, and China and ASEAN countries, this study is to investigate how the political and economic factors affect the interaction of China and other countries. By evaluating the correlation of the economic diplomatic and “peaceful rise”, the study tries to make recommendations for the future development of China’s diplomatic strategy.

The main goal of the thesis is to find out the role of national tourism agency in economic diplomacy on the example of the Czech Republic. First two parts are about point of view of tourism sources and the third and fourth sections focus on point of view of economic diplomacy sources. In the fifth chapter the both views are merged. The primary survey was conducted that was aimed at cooperation between CzechTourism and Czech economic diplomats and their tourism agenda. The last eight chapter analyses the results of the survey.

This Master Thesis analyses activities of the agency CzechTrade on Vietnamese market. Viet Nam is one of the perspective market for czech exporters not only for very well established business between Czech Republic and Viet Nam but also for a high growth potential of Vietnamese market. In today's globalised world, the institutional assistance and promotion is essential for foreign trade especially in a relative small economies. Countries today do not increase wealth only through trade but promote themselves as a brand, this subconsciously adds value to domestic enterprises and products. CzechTrade agency, as the implementation authority of Export Strategy, actively supports czech producers in foreign markets and help them compete internationally.

This thesis deals with economic diplomacy of the Czech Republic. The first chapter focuses on a definition, functions and tasks, players and models of management of economic diplomacy. The second chapter characterizes from a perspective of state actors approaches to economic diplomacy in selected European countries which can server as an inspiration for the Czech Republic. The third chapter is devoted to the current situation of the economic diplomacy of the Czech Republic, planned innovations and its possible development and challenges in the coming years.

The thesis deals with the Czech economic diplomacy. The aim is to assess the role of the Czech economic diplomacy, especially in terms of support of the foreign trade with Germany. The thesis is divided into five chapters, the first chapter contains the theoretical notion, the second chapter deals with the development of economic diplomacy in the Czech Republic from 1989 until today, the third chapter describes current model of the Czech economic diplomacy. The fourth chapter examine Czech network of export promotion in Germany and the fifth chapter is devoted to case studies of two Czech export companies.

Taiwan is still in partial diplomatic isolation. As a small country with a limited share in world affairs is not only limited by his specific requirements, but also to the instruments that are entitled to use. The only way to escape from this situation means expanding the number of diplomatic allies and efforts for integration into international structures. Recommended tools for small state foreign policy used to achieve its objectives, primarily by soft power. Based on the classification of Taiwan as a small state, the recommended instruments are of public and economic diplomacy. They act through creating a positive image of the country abroad and various forms of foreign assistance. Taiwan needs to gather as much support from the general public in different countries. A strong motivation for him is his effort to build its own space and fixed position for national survival and growth in China's shadow. By defining each of the central concepts, integrating Taiwan into the actual facts and the application of selected instruments for Taiwan's foreign policy terms there is built a connection between the small states issue and areas of economic and public diplomacy as soft power tools of Taiwan's foreign policy.

The present thesis evaluates the responses of the contemporary Greek foreign policy structures and processes, conceptualised as the Greek foreign policy system, in the face of the transformation of world politics. This transformation, precipitated by the concurrent complex processes of globalisation and regionalisation, pose empirical and analytical challenges to the national management of foreign policy. Consequently, government departments and agencies assigned with responsibility for the conduct of what has been traditionally termed foreign policy, namely the national foreign policy machinery with the foreign ministry and the diplomatic network at its core, find themselves challenged as roles and responsibilities are relocated. Such change underpins the machinery s institutional responses and the need to rethink its role and structure. The thesis synthesises several literatures, primarily those identified with international relations, transformational foreign policy analysis, and new approaches to diplomatic studies informed by insights from institutionalist approaches. This is combined with extensive fieldwork within the Greek bureaucracy and the diplomatic network, and seeks to cast light on a relatively understudied area: namely the organisation and nature of the Greek foreign policy system in an era of considerable change. The thesis draws a dual image of the contemporary Greek foreign policy system which displays elements of both continuity and change. According to the first image, the Greek foreign policy machinery embraces contemporary foreign policy developments, and is enmeshed in a process of change and adaptation as a response to its changing operational environment. The second image depicts the foreign policy system as traditionalist conforming to geopolitical approaches, which are linked to compartmentalisation in the organisation of foreign policy. This image is supported by evidence which suggests that the Greek foreign policy machinery is infused with elements of hierarchy, centralisation and verticality in its organisation, which prevent the adoption of integrated and horizontal models prescribed by globalist approaches to the management of foreign policy.