Estratégias do setor financeiro operacionalizadas junto aos jornalistas para construir e garantir presença predominante no noticiário econômico de jornais impressos no Brasil. / The predominance of financial market\'s sources in Brazil\'s economic news and their strategies to consolidate as the only correct economic thought in the media.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Television is the favoured news source for most Australians and is regarded as having the potential to influence public opinion. From its inception however, television has been regarded as ill-suited to cover economic and business issues because of a perceived reliance on visual material and an inability to deal with complex issues. This tyranny of vision has been mitigated by technological developments such as electronic news gathering (ENG) and satellites that provide large amounts of varied material as well as improvements in production tools that assist the visual presentation of abstract concepts. The presentation of complex issues has also been enhanced by the increased skills and knowledge among newsworkers. Economic and business news has become a staple in television news programs and has evolved from ritualised reporting of data such as market indices and exchange rates to a genre that shares broader news values such as consequence, conflict, proximity, human interest, novelty, prominence, political controversy and scandal. Economic and business news also shares the normal imperatives of television such as a strong reliance on scheduled occasions and reliable and prolific sources. In between occasions of economic, business and political controversy or scandal, these programs are able to rely on a steady supply of economic, business and investment information. Dedicated economic and business segments and programs and now even whole channels meet two sets of demands. One is those of niche audiences seeking news and information on economic and business conditions, economic debate and policy making, the activities of economic and business leaders and an opportunity to hear and observe economic and business leaders. The other is from broadcasters seeking to maximise their profits by attracting viewers in the AB demographic (those with the greatest disposal income) to otherwise poorly-performing time slots, by broadcasters seeking an inexpensive and dependable supply of programming material and by broadcasters seeking to promote their institutional role and specific programs through presenting material that is followed up by other media. Economic and business reports however, continue to portray issues in a limited way that neglects business’s interaction with workers and the larger social environment. Economic events are often framed as political competition. These reports present a hierarchy of sources and privilege political and business elites. Television news favours debate that is presented by individuals as contrasting causal narratives. Political and economic sources have become adept at presenting brief causal narratives in response to the requirements of television. This approach highlights celebrities and favours the promotion of agency over structure. The increase in total economic and business reporting boosts the interdependence of television and political and economic sources. Technological development is continuing and traditional free-to-air television audiences are being eroded by pay television and the internet. Although these are altering the nature of political, economic and business debate their overall influence is difficult to determine.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Television is the favoured news source for most Australians and is regarded as having the potential to influence public opinion. From its inception however, television has been regarded as ill-suited to cover economic and business issues because of a perceived reliance on visual material and an inability to deal with complex issues. This tyranny of vision has been mitigated by technological developments such as electronic news gathering (ENG) and satellites that provide large amounts of varied material as well as improvements in production tools that assist the visual presentation of abstract concepts. The presentation of complex issues has also been enhanced by the increased skills and knowledge among newsworkers. Economic and business news has become a staple in television news programs and has evolved from ritualised reporting of data such as market indices and exchange rates to a genre that shares broader news values such as consequence, conflict, proximity, human interest, novelty, prominence, political controversy and scandal. Economic and business news also shares the normal imperatives of television such as a strong reliance on scheduled occasions and reliable and prolific sources. In between occasions of economic, business and political controversy or scandal, these programs are able to rely on a steady supply of economic, business and investment information. Dedicated economic and business segments and programs and now even whole channels meet two sets of demands. One is those of niche audiences seeking news and information on economic and business conditions, economic debate and policy making, the activities of economic and business leaders and an opportunity to hear and observe economic and business leaders. The other is from broadcasters seeking to maximise their profits by attracting viewers in the AB demographic (those with the greatest disposal income) to otherwise poorly-performing time slots, by broadcasters seeking an inexpensive and dependable supply of programming material and by broadcasters seeking to promote their institutional role and specific programs through presenting material that is followed up by other media. Economic and business reports however, continue to portray issues in a limited way that neglects business’s interaction with workers and the larger social environment. Economic events are often framed as political competition. These reports present a hierarchy of sources and privilege political and business elites. Television news favours debate that is presented by individuals as contrasting causal narratives. Political and economic sources have become adept at presenting brief causal narratives in response to the requirements of television. This approach highlights celebrities and favours the promotion of agency over structure. The increase in total economic and business reporting boosts the interdependence of television and political and economic sources. Technological development is continuing and traditional free-to-air television audiences are being eroded by pay television and the internet. Although these are altering the nature of political, economic and business debate their overall influence is difficult to determine.

Estratégias do setor financeiro operacionalizadas junto aos jornalistas para construir e garantir presença predominante no noticiário econômico de jornais impressos no Brasil. / The predominance of financial market\'s sources in Brazil\'s economic news and their strategies to consolidate as the only correct economic thought in the media.

本研究目的在探討閱聽投資人對財經新聞節目可信度之評估，及影響閱聽投資人投資決策之因素。本研究利用「內容分析法」及「深度訪談法」等多元研究方法，來進行研究資料的蒐集、分析、彙整及解釋，同時兼顧「量」與「質」二種研究途徑，以期獲得較完善的研究結果。 　　本研究以內容分析法分析財經新聞節目之內容，輔以深度訪談法訪問財經、新聞之專家學者及閱聽投資人針對財經新聞節目可信度之評估因素及影響投資決策之關鍵。在訪談題綱設計上，以「可被信任」、「專業水準」、「報導迅速、內容多元」、「社會責任」等四個影響財經新聞可信度之面向為出發進行訪談。 　　本研究發現閱聽投資人對財經新聞節目之可信度評估為：「可被信任」、「專業水準」、「報導迅速、內容多元」；財經及新聞專家學者則認為財經新聞節目除了應具備「可被信任」、「專業水準」、「報導迅速、內容多元」等影響可信度之面向以外，更應重視本身之「社會責任」。本研究結果期望能對財經新聞節目業者在經營及操作上提供參考，並提供閱聽投資人評估財經新聞節目可信度之參考指標。 / This research purpose is to probe into invest viewer's assessment to the program credibility of the financial and economic news, and influence of invest viewer's investment decision. This research utilizes plural research approaches such as the analytic approach of the content and in-depth interviewing, collection of materials, analyze, gather together whole explaining, give consideration to quantity and quality two research route at the same time, in the hope of obtaining more complete result of study. Hold the content to analyze financial and economic news program of the analytic approach within this research, complement, visit finance and economics, experts and scholars of news and read, listen to investor to financial and economic news program factor of evaluation and key to influence investment decision of credibility with in-depth interviewing. In the interview question key link design, with 'credibility ', ' professionalism', ' report rapidly, content pluralism ', 'social responsibility ',etc. Four influence financial and economic news credibility face for set out, go on interview. Discover, invest viewer's to financial and economic news credibility of program it assesses to be originally: ' credibility ', ' professionalism', ' report rapidly, content pluralism '; Finance and economics and news experts and scholars think the financial and economic news program except should possess ' credibility ', beyond ' professionalism ', ' report rapidly, content pluralism ',etc. influence credibility face, should pay attention to ' social responsibility ' even more. This result of study expects to be able to offer reference in managing and operating the financial and economic news program industry person, offer and invest viewer's to the reference indicator that investors assess the program credibility of the financial and economic news.

We examined the influence of news, related to the main central banks, on the conditional volatility of the stock returns of eighteen major European banks. We model their conditional volatility with GARCH, EGARCH and TGARCH models plugging in variables representing news. As a practical application we evaluate whether applying the news into the volatility modeling improves the performance of the Value-at-Risk (VaR) measure for given banks. The two types of news variables we use are constructed from the press releases of main central banks and from the search query at Factiva Dow Jones news database. The information contained in news is proxied by daily news counts. Using the EGARCH setup we are able to model individual volatility reaction functions of the banks' stock returns to different news variables. We show that the content, origin of the news and also the amount of news (news count) matter to the conditional volatility behavior. The results confirm that increase in the amount of media coverage causes increase in volatility. Certain news types have calming effect (speeches of the central banks' representatives) on volatility while others stir it (monetary news). Finally, we conclude that adding the news into the modeling only slightly improves the VaR out-of-sample performance.

This dissertation examines the flow of economic news in Africa, in order to investigate the potential existence of regional hierarchies in international news flow. The research was based on a framework of theories on international news flow. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a sample of news articles published in Africa Investor, African Business and Business in Africa during 2007 and 2008 was analysed. The quantitative results showed that South Africa received the highest level of coverage and was covered to a greater extent than any other African country. The qualitative results indicated that there was clear evidence of regional hierarchy in the coverage of African countries: South Africa received extensive coverage probably due to the fact that it is the largest, most advanced and influential economy in the continent. The study showed that inequality in news coverage is not only a global issue, but also a regional one. / Communication Science / M.A. (International Communication)

This dissertation examines the flow of economic news in Africa, in order to investigate the potential existence of regional hierarchies in international news flow. The research was based on a framework of theories on international news flow. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a sample of news articles published in Africa Investor, African Business and Business in Africa during 2007 and 2008 was analysed. The quantitative results showed that South Africa received the highest level of coverage and was covered to a greater extent than any other African country. The qualitative results indicated that there was clear evidence of regional hierarchy in the coverage of African countries: South Africa received extensive coverage probably due to the fact that it is the largest, most advanced and influential economy in the continent. The study showed that inequality in news coverage is not only a global issue, but also a regional one. / Communication Science / M.A. (International Communication)