Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias / La importación de animales, productos y subproductos de origen animal siempre involucran riesgo de ingreso de enfermedades para el país importador. Cuando el peligro es identificado, su impacto negativo y su probabilidad de ocurrencia puede ser evaluada Por ende se planteó un Proceso de Análisis Jerárquico, donde se priorizó los peligros de ingreso de Encefalopatía Espongiforme Bovina (EEB) al Ecuador mediante la importación de mercancías pecuarias. Para lo cual se utilizó la información proporcionada por la Agencia de Aseguramiento de la Calidad del Agro – AGROCALIDAD, a través de la base de datos de mercaderías pecuarias importadas al Ecuador en el período comprendido entre 2007 y 2013. La metodología se edificó en tres etapas: Estructuración del problema, evaluación y análisis de sensibilidad. Para esto un panel de expertos analizó, en una primera fase, la información emitida e identificaron criterios, subcriterios y alternativas que se consideran relevantes, su grado de peligrosidad y se sintetizó en un árbol jerárquico. En la segunda fase se evaluaron criterios a través del Programa informático Expert choice ® donde se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: Producto con un 67,19%,y País de origen con un 32,81 %. Producto subcriterio Tipo de mercadería pecuaria se consideró como de mayor importancia para el ingreso del prion de EEB con un 60,22 %, le sigue subcriterio Volumen de importación con 6,97%; en el caso del criterio País de origen el subcriterio Prevalencia de la enfermedad en el país exportador fue el de mayor ponderación con un 16,53%, le sigue Confiabilidad del país exportador con 8,95% y por último Infraestructura del Servicio Oficial del país exportador con 7,34%. En lo que respecta a las alternativas la mercadería pecuaria considerada más riesgosa fue Ovinos y caprinos reproductores - México con un 18,51% seguido de Vísceras ovinas (tripas de borrego) – Australia con un 11,84% y Vísceras bovinas congeladas (entrañas) - EE.UU. con un 7,15%. En la tercera fase se realizó el Análisis de sensibilidad al producir simulaciones en las ponderaciones de los criterios de la siguiente manera: PRODUCTO 25% - PAÍS DE ORIGEN 75%, PRODUCTO 50% - PAÍS DE ORIGEN 50%, PRODUCTO 90% - PAÍS DE ORIGEN 10%, se concluyó que la jerarquía era robusta ya que las alternativas son bastante insensibles a los cambios simulados. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la importación de las diferentes mercaderías pecuarias al Ecuador, presentan un riesgo de ingreso de Encefalopatía Espongiforme Bovina / The importation of live animals and animal origin merchandise are always threats for the sanitary status of the importing country. When danger is identified, its negative impact and probability of occurrence can be evaluated. . Thus, a Process of Hierarchical Analysis, where the risk of introduction of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) into Ecuador by importing livestock goods was performed. For this matter, the information used is the one provided by the Official Animal and Plant Inspection Service of Ecuador – AGROCALIDAD, from the database of livestock goods imported by Ecuador in the period between 2007 and 2013. The methodology was built in three stages: structuring the problem, evaluation and sensitivity analysis. For this, in a first phase a panel of experts analyzed the information and identified criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives considered as relevant, the risk level and summarized in a hierarchical tree. . . In the second phase, the criteria was evaluated by the decision making software Expert Choice®, and the following results were obtained: Product with 67.19% and Country of Origin with 32.81%. Product type sub-criteria Livestock merchandise was considered as most important to the BSE prion income with 60.22%, followed by the sub-criteria Import volume with 6.97%; in the case of criteria Country of origin sub-criteria Prevalence of the disease in exporting country was the most heavily weighted with 16.53%, followed by Reliability of exporting country with 8.95% and finally Official service infrastructure of the exporting country with 7.34%. Referring to alternatives, the livestock merchandise considered riskier were breeding sheep and goats from Mexico with 18.51%, followed by sheep viscera (sheep guts) from Australia with 11.84% and frozen bovine viscera (guts) from U.S. with 7.15%. . . In the third phase, the sensitivity analysis was performed by simulation on the criteria weighing as follows: Product 25% - Country of origin 75 % - 50 % Product 50% - Country of origin 50% , Product 90% - Country of origin 10%; it was concluded that the hierarchy was robust because the alternatives are quite insensitive to the simulated changes. The results of this study demonstrate that the import of different livestock goods to Ecuador, represent a risk of entry of BSE

Thesis (Licenciado en Nutriciʹon y Dietʹtica)--Universidad Tʹecnica del Norte. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud Escuela de Nutriciʹon y Dietʹeica. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

Thesis (Licenciado en Nutriciʹon y Dietʹtica)--Universidad Tʹecnica del Norte. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud Escuela de Nutriciʹon y Dietʹeica. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-120). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

My research in coastal Ecuador and the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) elucidated differences in value of shallow estuarine habitats for fishes and invertebrates. I focused on mangrove and tidal river habitats in Ecuador, and oyster reef, vegetated marsh edge, and nonvegetated bottom habitats in the GOM. Coastal Ecuador has lost 20-30% of mangrove wetlands over the past 30 years. Such habitat loss can impair the ecological functions of wetlands. In this study I identified the fish community of the remaining mangrove wetland in Rio Palmar, Ecuador. For comparison, an adjacent tidal river without mangroves, Rio Javita, was also sampled. I found that although Rios Palmar and Javita are characterized by relatively low fish-species richness compared to other tropical estuarine systems, they appear to provide important habitat for several economically- and ecologically-valued species. In the GOM, I examined the fish and invertebrate communities of adjacent oyster reef (oyster), vegetated marsh edge (VME), and nonvegetated bottom (NVB) habitats. Three main relationships emerged: 1) Oyster and VME provide habitat for significantly more species (as a measure of richness) relative to NVB; 2) Oyster and VME provide habitat for uncommon and rare species; and 3) Many of the species collected in multiple habitats occurred at higher abundances in oyster or VME habitat. Contrary to the current low value ranking of oyster habitat relative to other estuarine and salt marsh habitats, oyster provides high quality habitat for many species. Understanding how key species utilize estuarine habitats is critical for future conservation and management efforts. My research indicated that VME habitat may provide better foraging options for juvenile pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), and together with corroborating evidence from other studies, suggest that VME provides a critical nursery function for juvenile pinfish, especially in estuaries where seagrass habitat is sparse or nonexistent. Additionally, I documented that juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) select for oyster habitat because of higher food availability and not because of refuge needs from predation by blue crabs. Oyster habitat appears to provide a nursery function for juvenile white shrimp. Overall, my research demonstrated that structurally complex habitats, such as mangroves, VME, and oyster provide essential habitat at the community, population, and individual levels.

Food sovereignty is a multi-faceted proposal for the politicization of the agro-food sector. Advocated by the international farmers’ movement, Vía Campesina, food sovereignty recognizes the importance of consumption while it focuses on production. By looking at the implementation of the food sovereignty proposal in Ecuador in the 2008 Constitution and on the legal level, the organizational level, and the level of individual consumers, I suggest approaches to consumers and consumption within the food sovereignty framework. In addition to discussing the ambiguity of the State’s position on food sovereignty, I show that social organizations working on food sovereignty tend to see consumers as self-centered, solely motivated by individual concerns about price and health, meaning that they are not seen as critical actors in the agro-food system. By focusing on members of the Canasta Comunitaria Ciudad Viva, a collective food purchase model in south Quito, I show that while consumers reproduce individualized logics that privilege health and savings, they also mobilize alternative, relational logics that should be the base for consumer-based articulation within the food sovereignty framework. These conclusions support the significance of seeing consumers as political actors as well as the importance of valuing the daily practices of urban inhabitants as the bases for the further politicization of consumption. La soberanía alimentaria es una propuesta multidimensional para la politización del sector agroalimentario. Desde la concepción de Vía Campesina, un movimiento internacional de agricultores, soberanía alimentaria reconoce la importancia del consumo, centrándose en la producción. A partir de analizar la aplicación de la propuesta de soberanía alimentaria en la Constitución de 2008, en el plano jurídico, en el trabajo de organizaciones sociales y al nivel de consumidores individuales en Quito, Ecuador, propongo una aproximación a los roles del consumo y los consumidores, en el marco de soberanía alimentaria. A la vez de indagar en la ambigüedad de la posición estatal frente al tema de soberanía alimentaria, muestro que la tendencia de las organizaciones sociales que trabajan el tema de soberanía alimentaria es ver a los consumidores como actores poco involucrados, centrados en sus beneficios particulares entorno a precios y salud, lo que significa que los consumidores no son percibidos como actores en si mismo. Al enfocarme en los miembros de la Canasta Comunitaria Ciudad Viva, un modelo de compra colectiva de alimentos en el sur de Quito, muestro que mientras los consumidores reproducen lógicas individuales de ahorro y de salud, también movilizan lógicas alternativas basadas en relaciones sociales y afectivas. Propongo que estas lógicas, presentes en los consumidores, deberían formar parte de las bases para una mayor inclusión y articulación de consumidores en el marco de soberanía alimentaria. A partir de este análisis se muestra la importancia de mirar a los consumidores como actores políticos y valorar las prácticas cotidianas de los habitantes urbanos como cimientos para la mayor politización del consumo. / text

This thesis explores the Quijos Valley ground stone economy in relation to broader social, political, and economic aspects of the Quijos chiefdoms during the Late Period (AD 500 – 1500). In particular, this research examines the extent to which ground stone craft production was a dimension of social differentiation during a period marked by the greatest sociopolitical transformations. Ultimately, this research suggests that Late Period ground stone production was an independent and part-time household activity, and not an avenue of elite aggrandizement. However, aspects of this research have aimed to show that certain forms of ground stone were important implements of household maintenance, both socially and economically. This research is embedded within the Quijos Valley Regional Archaeological Project (QVRAP) and has aimed to contribute to our understanding of the development of social complexity within this region, as well as contributing to our understanding of ground stone craft production more generally. / x, 244 leaves ; 29 cm

No description available.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008. / Thesis Advisor(s): Rothstein, Hy. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 26, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-100). Also available in print.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-138).