Expone sobre lo importante y fundamental que representa el emprendimiento y las pymes para una nación, ya que con su contribución directa aportan al producto interno bruto y a los índices de productividad de los países. En este documento se estudia la influencia que puede tener las diferentes estrategias de negocios en el desarrollo empresarial, la misma que es representada como una variable explicada, así mismo se ha logrado determinar la incidencia existente entre dichas variables, para lo cual se utilizó el estadístico de prueba Ch2 obteniendo resultados donde el valor calculado se situó en la zona de rechazo de la hipótesis nula, es decir no existe evidencia estadística para aceptar la hipótesis nula, es importante señalar que este fenómeno se repite al aplicar en cada uno de los criterios de la encuesta aplicada. Se aplicó un enfoque descriptivo no experimental fundamentado en procesos epistemológicos de la administración científica y que a pesar del tiempo desde su creación hasta la actualidad siguen vigentes contextualizado en la historia del arte haciendo énfasis en los principios básicos y teóricos. / Tesis

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Diseña un modelo para el desarrollo del comercio electrónico en países en vía de desarrollo a partir del análisis de la influencia en la adopción por parte de las pymes ecuatorianas de los factores relacionados al beneficio percibido, la compatibilidad y complejidad de adopción, los factores organizacionales, los factores políticos y de infraestructura, la influencia del mercado y la industria y los factores relacionados a la seguridad. / Tesis

The non-random selection of medicinal plants theory, which states that phylogeny affects the selection of medicinal plants, was proposed by Daniel Moerman to indirectly prove that traditional medicinal systems are rational and based in part by the therapeutic efficacy of plants. The logic of this theory is that because members of a taxonomical group share similar characteristics, some groups will be more medicinal and will be over-used in pharmacopoeias, while other groups bereft of secondary metabolites and therapeutic potential will be under-used medicinally. To test this theory, Moerman linearly regressed the total number of medicinal plants per family against the total number of plants per family present in an area and examined residual values to find over-used and under-used medicinal plant families. The method has been praised for its simplicity. Nonetheless, shortcomings have been noted and criticized, inspiring researchers to propose new procedures to test for phylogenetic biases in pharmacopoeias. Negative Binomial regression and examination of studentized residuals, the method used in this investigation, ameliorates the original one with a few corrections, conserving the simplicity and solving for all the criticized flaws. Also, this study incorporated different sociodemographic factors to determine if the intracultural homogeneity of traditional knowledge affects the results of the non-random selection of medicinal plants theory analysis. By testing Moerman’s theory, which is one of Ethnobotany’s major theories, this investigation is in agreement with the call to have more hypothesis-driven research within a theoretical framework to continue to advance the Ethnobotany field. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This research is based on an ethnographic study conducted in 2008. The study took place in Ecuador's coastal province of Manabâi and investigates the lives of a community of transvestite males, known locally as travestâis. This research holds that the social space in which the travestâis live and work, in Puerto Lopez, is negotiated and maintained through a complex interchange of three key factors: the experience of mother's love, the local economy, and sexual desire. The social space itself is defined as a "binary passage." Most of the travestâis are employed as hairdressers, and they draw a wide range of clientele from Puerto Lopez and surrounding smaller villages. Yet, how is it that travestâis can lead open and productive lives in a region that highly values machismo? This research focuses on both the origins of the travestâis' social space and the means by which it is maintained through key discourses. / by Eve E. Brooks. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

En los últimos años, el desempeño exportador de las pymes ha sido uno de los temas más investigados en las ciencias administrativas. Pese a ello, por las diferencias entre las pymes y el contexto en que operan, no existe una taxonomía comúnmente aceptada. Sin embargo, los modelos de internacionalización de pymes, fundamentados en el enfoque basado en recursos, reconocen la importancia del conocimiento sobre mercados internacionales para el logro de altos niveles de desempeño exportador. En la presente investigación, se considera que el conocimiento es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para la identificación y explotación de oportunidades en los mercados internacionales. Por ello, se propone un modelo, basado en la perspectiva evolutiva de la administración estratégica, en donde el desempeño financiero y estratégico exportador está influenciado por la capacidad de absorción y la orientación emprendedora de las pymes. Para comprobar las hipótesis del modelo conceptual, se estudiaron a las pymes exportadoras de Ecuador. En esta investigación se demuestra que la orientación emprendedora tiene una mayor influencia que la capacidad de absorción en el logro de altos niveles de desempeño financiero y estratégico exportador de las pymes. Por otro lado, para profundizar en los resultados, se estimó la heterogeneidad del modelo por medio de la inclusión de variables moderadoras. Además, se presentan las implicancias de los resultados dirigidas a los administradores de pymes y gobierno para el diseño de estrategias que permitan la inserción estratégica de empresas ecuatorianas en mercados internacionales. Por último, se proponen líneas de investigación para la extender el conocimiento del resultado de la internacionalización de pymes desde la perspectiva de recursos y capacidades estratégicas. / In recent years, the export performance of SMEs has been one of the most researched topics in administrative sciences. Despite this, due to the differences between SMEs and the context in which they operate, there is no commonly accepted taxonomy. However, the internationalization models of SMEs, based on the resource-based approach, recognize the importance of knowledge about international markets to achieve high levels of export performance. In the present investigation, it is considered that knowledge is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the identification and exploitation of opportunities in international markets. Therefore, a model is proposed, based on the evolutionary perspective of strategic management, where the financial and strategic export performance is influenced by the absorption capacity and the entrepreneurial orientation of exporting SMEs. To check the hypothesis of the conceptual model, exporting SMEs from Ecuador were studied. This research shows that the entrepreneurial orientation has a greater influence than the absorption capacity in achieving high levels of financial and strategic export performance of SMEs. On the other hand, to deepen the results, the heterogeneity of the model was estimated through the inclusion of moderating variables. In addition, the implications of the results are presented to SME and government administrators for the design of strategies that allow the strategic insertion of Ecuadorian companies in international markets. Finally, research lines are proposed to extend the knowledge of the result of the internationalization of SMEs from the perspective of resources and strategic capabilities / Tesis

This thesis explores the material and non-material transfers from and to two rural settings in Andean Ecuador. Within the broad realm of the research on remittances, it explores in depth the type, nature, composition, uses, meanings, re-workings and negotiations of the transfers between migrant and non-migrant villagers. Two villages in the Ecuadorian highland provinces of Azuay and Loja are the main research locations. These two provinces receive high remittance transfers, albeit from different origins: remittances to Azuay mainly originate in the US, whereas remittances to Loja are very likely to come from Spain and Italy. Due to very different socio-cultural features and different forms of migrants' integration in the two destination areas, these two highland Ecuadorian provinces provide an excellent comparative context to research material and social remittances. Fieldwork was carried out in migrants' villages of origin as well as in their new places of residence. This multi-sited ethnography was supported by a mixed-method approach involving a questionnaire (to gather information about material remittances), interviews (to shed light on social remittances) and participant observation (to provide the broader context for comprehending nuances in the data). This research incorporates socio-demographic variables, such as gender, family structure and generation, in the analysis of material remittances. The relationship between remittance senders and receivers, that is usually overlooked, is regarded as a very important locus of power and negotiations. A refined typology of material remittances, taking into account remittance senders, receivers and non-receivers, is also provided. Finally, there is a microethnographic account of material remittances' uses which problematizes over-simplistic pictures of remittance expenditure by embedding remittances into broader socio-cultural contexts. Surprisingly, given the large amount of academic work on remittances, there are still unexplored areas. Social remittances are one such area. By systematically researching social remittances, this thesis adds to the limited existing theoretical knowledge on social remittances, providing new information on their creation and content.

En la era actual es posible observar cómo evolucionan las tecnologías de información (TI) a un ritmo vertiginoso. Muchos países desarrollados utilizan las tecnologías de información (TI) para generar procesos más sistematizados y eficientes dentro de las firmas. Existen varias investigaciones empíricas que demuestran que en estos países la inversión en tecnologías de información ha provocado un impacto importante en el desempeño y la productividad de las empresas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la relación entre las TI y la productividad de las firmas del sector de servicios en Ecuador. Además, en el presente estudio se analizó si la inversión en capacitación, la gestión del conocimiento y las prácticas administrativas moderan la relación entre las TI y la productividad. La metodología de investigación utilizada fue la de datos de panel y de regresión logística binaria, por lo que el presente estudio es de lógica deductiva y de enfoque cuantitativo. El paradigma que se utilizó es de horizonte positivista, de lógica deductiva y de diseño no experimental. La recolección de los datos se realizó a partir de información primaria y secundaria que permitió generar un trabajo sólido y robusto. También, un análisis de estadística descriptiva profunda y de normalidad de cada una de las variables que ingresan en el estudio fue realizado, con un testeo de hipótesis riguroso y un análisis de los índices de bondad de ajuste para explicar de mejor forma la estructura del modelo utilizado. El análisis de datos de panel es relevante para determinar si hay variables moderadoras y variables explicativas que impacten directamente en la variable endógena, que en este caso es la productividad de las empresas de servicios. Finalmente, se desarrolló un análisis de logística binaria, que es un método estadístico apropiado para poder determinar si los dispositivos, funcionalidades y potencialidades de las TI influyen en la productividad de las firmas de servicios. El sector de servicios fue tomado en consideración como población del presente estudio; ya que en dicho sector existe una gran diversificación de estratos que enriquecen la investigación / Today we live in the era of technology and we can observe how it evolves everywhere at a vertiginous pace. Many developed countries use information technology (IT) to generate more systematized and efficient processes within firms. There are several empirical studies that show that in these countries, investment in information technology has had a significant impact on the performance and productivity of companies. The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between IT and the productivity of firms from the service sector in Ecuador. In addition, this study analyzed whether the investment in training, knowledge management and administrative practices moderate the relationship between IT and productivity. The research used the methodology of panel data and binary logistic regression, so this study is of deductive logic and quantitative approach. The proposed paradigm is of positivist horizon, deductive logic and of non-experimental design. The data collection was done based on primary and secondary information that allowed to generate a solid and robust work. We also performed a descriptive and deep statistical analysis of each of the variables considered in the study, with a rigorous hypothesis test and an analysis of goodness of fit indexes to better explain the structure of the model used. The analysis of panel data is relevant to know if there are moderating variables and explanatory variables that directly affect the endogenous variable, which in this case is the productivity of service companies. Finally, a binary logistic analysis was developed, which is an appropriate statistical method to determine if the devices, functionalities and potentialities of IT influence the productivity of service firms. The service sector was taken into consideration for the population in this study; since there is a great diversification of strata in this sector that enrich this research / Tesis

No description available.

Le dispositif institutionnel s’avère particulièrement pertinent pour le traitement d’enfants psychotiques et autistes, comme le démontrent les expériences des premiers pédagogues et psychanalystes d’enfants en Europe à partir des années 1920. Nous allons situer les modalités d’intervention institutionnelle nous permettant de vérifier cette hypothèse,à partir de l’analyse de quatre expériences institutionnelles orientées par la psychanalyse. En effet, la doctrine freudienne et lacanienne permettent au clinicien d’inventer et de renouveler sans cesse les moyens d’accueillir les productions du sujet psychotique, en leur accordant toute sa dignité. Une clinique des psychoses s’élabore de cette manière et donne lieu à la transmission de ses résultats. Cela permet d’envisager une application de la psychanalyse en Équateur, à travers l’étude des paramètres permettant la mise en place d’un dispositif inédit d’élaboration clinique en institution pour enfants atteints de troubles psychiques. / The institutional device turns out to be particularly relevant for the treatment of psychotic and autistic children, as demonstrated by the experiences of early childhood educators and psychoanalysts in Europe from the 1920s onwards. We are going to place the modalities of institutional intervention, which allows us to verify this hypothesis, based on the analysis of four different institutional experiences oriented by psychoanalysis. The Freudian and Lacanian doctrine gives the clinician the opportunity to invent and to constantly renew the means to admit and encourage the productions of the psychotic subject, giving them all their place and dignity. A clinical approche of psychosis develops in this way, and results in the transmission of its effects. This allows to consider an application of psychoanalysis in Ecuador, through the study of the parameters for the implementation of an unprecedented clinical device, in order to treat on an institutionnal level children suffering from psychic disorders.

The 1990s were a period of intense socio-economic upheaval in Ecuador, in part due to the numerous protests that would come to be known as the Levantamiento Indígena. Notoriously disenfranchised since the bloody conquest of the Americas, peoples of various Indigenous nationalities that reside within Ecuador fought for the constitutional recognition of the nation as both plurinational and multicultural, in order to secure intercultural public policies that would affect patterns of agrarian distribution, indigenous education, health, and overall representation. The prominence of the Indigenous movement and the revalorization of the Indigenous identity throughout Ecuador became an attractive vehicle for which to leverage for rights with the state by coastal communities that were long considered to be mestizo as opposed to Indigenous. Communities in coastal Ecuador engaged in strategic identity construction in order to capitalize on the prominence of the Indigenous identity. By adopting external markers of indigeneity, mestiza women and men engaged in a process of reindigenization as a deliberate political strategy in order to be able to demand rights from the Ecuadorian state.