The inspection as a tool of control has always existed in social activities and its various ventures. As achievement, the School Inspection born as a need also to the teaching Tuesday its control, initially exercised by the Church and, with the loss of the influence of religion on education, then power should be exercised by the state public. In the current context, as LDBEN No 9394/96, the function of regulatory and inspection is being the State Councils of Education within each system, a regulatory, responding from whom is positioned to Inspection is the problem of this research, that aims to understand their functions, size and through these practices and their contribution to training in Sydney with the quest to answer the aspirations of society. The theoretical contributions range from a conceptual approach, permeated by year assessment and planning, tools inherent in the inspection process in the regulatory practices of educational institutions in the development of public policies in education. These have direct involvement in educational practices and sedimentary triggered inside the institutions and inexorably in educational indicators reflect the state of Alagoas. The qualitative research was designed as a case study, with the participants, at random, inspectors of the State System of Higher Education and Alabama, using as instruments for collecting data on a semi-structured interviews, observation and documentary research and literature. Experience confirms and intensifies from LDBEN nº 9394/96, the work of inspection as an evaluative, but also the character of precípuo tool against the state, which takes as reference the standards expressed by senior regulator, the State Board of Education and pointing needs to better framework conditions for meeting the demands of the legal framework, management and teaching. / A Inspeção enquanto instrumento de controle sempre existiu nas atividades sociais e nos diferentes empreendimentos da sociedade. Como consecução, a Inspeção Escolar nasce como uma necessidade também de o ensino ter o seu controle, inicialmente exercido por parte da Igreja e, com a perda da influência religiosa desta sobre o ensino, posteriormente vem ser exercido pelo poder público estatal. No atual contexto, conforme a LDBEN nº 9394/96, a função da Inspeção é avaliativa e sendo os Conselhos Estaduais de Educação no âmbito de cada sistema, uma instância normatizadora, responder a partir de quem se posiciona a Inspeção é o problema desta pesquisa, que objetiva compreender suas funções, dimensão e práticas e através destas, sua contribuição para a formação em Alagoas com a busca ao atendimento aos anseios da sociedade. As contribuições teóricas vão desde uma abordagem conceitual, perpassando pelo exercício da avaliação e do planejamento, ferramentas inerentes à Inspeção no processo avaliativo de práticas educativas institucionais, no desenvolvimento das políticas públicas da educação. Estas têm implicação direta nas práticas educativas desencadeadas e sedimentadas no interior das instituições e refletem inexoravelmente nos indicadores educacionais do Estado de Alagoas. A pesquisa qualitativa foi concebida na forma de estudo de caso, tendo como participantes, por amostragem, inspetores do Sistema Estadual de Ensino de Alagoas e, utilizando como instrumentos de coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada, a observação e a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. A experiência ratifica e intensifica a partir da LDBEN nº 9394/96, a atuação da Inspeção como instância avaliativa, mas também no caráter precípuo de instrumento de controle do Estado, que toma como referência as normas expressas pelo órgão superior, o Conselho Estadual de Educação, bem como aponta necessidades de melhores condições estruturais para atendimento às demandas do âmbito legal, de gestão e pedagógico.

nÃo hà / Este estudo busca elucidar e analisar a dimensÃo performÃtica, envolvendo dramatizaÃÃo do comportamento e produÃÃo de cenÃrios, nas situaÃÃes de encontro presencial entre avaliados e avaliadores por ocasiÃo das visitas Ãs instituiÃÃes de ensino superior, que sÃo parte do processo de avaliaÃÃo do SINAES, argumentando que tal avaliaÃÃo à vivenciada pelos agentes da IES localizada no estado do AmapÃ, onde desenvolvi a pesquisa, como uma ocasiÃo extracotidiana, em que se mobiliza uma sÃrie de comportamentos âperformatizadosâ com o objetivo de causar impressÃo positiva nos avaliadores. O estudo traz como hipÃtese a questÃo estruturante: os indicadores de qualidade pensados no Sistema Nacional de AvaliaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Superior â SINAES, no Brasil, estÃo centrados em modelos externos ao nosso paÃs, à regiÃo Norte, aos contextos locais, em um processo atrelado a sÃmbolos de uma qualidade presente em naÃÃes e culturas supostamente mais âdesenvolvidasâ? Instigo-me a pensar sobre o quanto tal procedimento à afetado por resquÃcios de uma visÃo colonizada da educaÃÃo, permeada por uma lÃgica passÃvel de manifestar-se de modo etnocÃntrico. As estratÃgias de atuaÃÃes performÃticas relatadas ao longo do texto, captadas durante a pesquisa âin locoâ, sÃo expressÃes de um contexto mais amplo, da necessidade de resultados âpositivosâ. Como chave analÃtica adoto a teoria de Erving Goffmam que elucida as performances mobilizadas na vida cotidiana e as habilidades dramatÃrgicas, dos agentes sociais mobilizados para produzir impressÃes positivas de si mesmos, ao abordar o SINAES e os processos de avaliaÃÃo da qualidade da educaÃÃo superior, percebendo-os como um campo de interaÃÃes, mediaÃÃes, assimilaÃÃes, contradiÃÃes, arranjos, recusas e resistÃncias possÃveis. Pretendi uma abordagem com um diÃlogo com Antropologia, com inspiraÃÃo etnogrÃfica, em uma encruzilhada de aportes teÃricos entre a EducaÃÃo, Sociologia e a Antropologia das representaÃÃes, trazendo como categorias analÃticas dentro da teoria das representaÃÃes: Performance, Fachadas e CenÃrios. Destaco o caminho percorrido pelas polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para o asseguramento da qualidade da educaÃÃo superior, atravÃs da criaÃÃo de sistemas de avaliaÃÃo, tendo como marco referencial, na America Latina, o perÃodo pÃs-60, com a assinatura da Carta de Punta del Este; as reformas da educaÃÃo superior nas fronteiras da globalizaÃÃo, da internacionalizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo superior e sua transnacionalizaÃÃo, chegando ao caso do sistema brasileiro â o SINAES. A construÃÃo do objeto de estudo desta tese atenta para o SINAES, especificamente para os procedimentos inerentes à AvaliaÃÃo Institucional e à AvaliaÃÃo de Cursos de GraduaÃÃo, tendo como loco privilegiado o que denomino âcircuitos de avaliaÃÃo. Ou seja, visita in loco dos avaliadores externos, incluindo momentos de planejamento, execuÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo das aÃÃes, delimitados pelos olhares dos atores sociais inseridos em uma InstituiÃÃo de ensino superior. Apresento, ao final, o que nomeio, aqui, de âachadosâ da pesquisa, destacando minhas percepÃÃes. Mesmo com todos os apontamentos levantados pelos interlocutores no sentido de construir uma justificativa para a performatividade dos circuitos de avaliaÃÃo, à preciso ter como meta desmistificar a avaliaÃÃo com viÃs regulatÃrio, visando revelar a avaliaÃÃo e o seu carÃter formativo e democrÃtico. / This study aims to elucidate and analyze the performance dimension, involving dramatization of the behavior and production of scenarios, in the situations of face - to - face meetings between evaluated and evaluators during visits to higher education institutions, which are part of the SINAES evaluation process, arguing that such evaluation is experienced by IES agents located in the state of Amapà where I developed the research, as an extra daily occasion, in which a series of "performatized" behaviors are mobilized in order to cause a positive impression on the evaluators. The hypothesis of this study is the structuring question: the quality indicators designed in the National System of Higher Education Evaluation - SINAES, in Brazil, are centered on models external to our country, the North region, local contexts, in a related process to symbols of a quality present in supposedly more "developed" nations and cultures? I am tempted to think about how this procedure is affected by remnants of a colonized view of education, permeated by a logic that can manifest itself ethnocentrically. The strategies of performative actuations reported throughout the text, captured during the "in loco" research, are expressions of a broader context, of the need for "positive" results. As an analytical key, I adopt the Erving Goffmam theory, which elucidates the mobilized performances in everyday life and the dramaturgical abilities of the social agents mobilized to produce positive impressions of themselves, in approaching the SINAES and processes of evaluation of higher education quality, perceiving them as a field of possible interactions, mediations, assimilations, contradictions, arrangements, refusals, and resistances. I have pursued an ethnographic-inspired approach to Anthropology, at a crossroads of theoretical contributions between Education, Sociology, and Anthropology of representations, bringing as analytical categories within the representation theory: Performance, Facades and Scenarios. I would like to emphasize the path taken by public policies aimed at ensuring the quality of higher education through the creation of evaluation systems, with a reference framework in Latin America, the post-60 period, with the signing of the Letter of Punta del Este; the reforms of higher education in the frontiers of globalization, the internationalization of higher education and its transnationalization, reaching the Brazilian system - SINAES. The construction of the object of study of this thesis focuses on the SINAES, specifically for the procedures inherent to the Institutional Evaluation and Evaluation of Undergraduate Courses, having as a privileged locus what I call "evaluation circuits", that is, an on-site visit by the external evaluators, including moments of planning, execution and evaluation of the actions, delimited by the looks of the social actors inserted in an Institution of higher education. I present at the end, what I call here "findings" of the research, highlighting my perceptions, even with all the notes raised by the interlocutors in order to construct a justification for the performativity of the evaluation circuits, it is necessary to aim to demystify the evaluation with regulatory bias, with the aim of revealing the evaluation and the formative and democratic characte

abstract: Employee-owned businesses, benefit corporations, social enterprises, and other sustainability entrepreneurship innovations are responding to challenges such as climate change, economic inequalities, and unethical business behavior. Academic programs to date, however, often fall short in sufficiently equipping students with competencies in sustainability entrepreneurship – from a coherent set of learning objectives, through effective and engaging pedagogies, to rigorous assessment of learning outcomes. This dissertation contributes to bridging these gaps. The first study proposes a process-oriented and literature-based framework of sustainability entrepreneurship competencies. It offers a general vision for students, faculty, and entrepreneurs, as well as for the design of curricula, courses, and assessments. The second study presents an exploration into the nature of sustainability entrepreneurship courses, with a focus on teaching and learning processes. Using pioneering courses at Arizona State University, the study analyzes and compares the links between learning objectives, pedagogies, and learning outcomes. Based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews with course instructors, the study identifies cognitive apprenticeship from input processing to experimentation, constructive alignment from learning objectives to assessments, and curriculum-level coordination across courses as key success factors of sustainability entrepreneurship education. The result of this study can inform instructors and researchers in applying and further substantiating effective educational models for future entrepreneurs. The third study addresses the key question of competence assessment: what are reliable tools for assessing students’ competence in sustainability entrepreneurship? This study developed and tested a novel tool for assessing students’ competence in sustainability entrepreneurship through in-vivo simulated professional situations. The tool was in different settings and evaluated against a set of criteria derived from the literature. To inform educators in business and management programs, this study discusses and concludes under which conditions this assessment tool seems most effective, as well as improvement for future applications of the tool. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2020

In educational research, the cognitive activity of problem posing is recognized as an important component of mathematics teaching and learning. Compared to the prevailing educational paradigm of problem solving, problem posing features less commonly in classroom instruction. During the past 20 years, numerous studies examining the use of problem posing in school mathematics instruction have documented positive outcomes in terms of students’ knowledge, problem-solving abilities, creativity, and attitudes and beliefs regarding the study of mathematics. However, despite these promising results, problem posing in mathematics instruction has rarely been studied in the population of students with learning disabilities (LDs). This study describes a problem-posing intervention that draws on existing Conceptual Model-based Problem Solving program (COMPS, Xin, 2012) and conceptual research into the problem posing task. The COMPS-based problem posing intervention is designed to teach word problem posing skills to students with LDs under structured problem posing situations. The study applies a single-subject multiple-baseline design across three participants to investigate the effects on participants’ word problem solving and problem posing skills. The results showed that all three students demonstrated increased math performance on both problem solving and problem posing tests when the COMPS-based Problem Posing intervention was used. In addition, both immediate and maintenance effects on student learning were noted.

This study examines current educational practices by looking at factors leading up to increased attention on student achievement and the role of teacher effectiveness evaluation models in delivering a quality education. The RISE teacher effectiveness evaluation model used in Indiana and two teacher evaluation models commonly used, by Charlotte Danielson and Robert Marzano, are examined based on their capacity to evaluate and support the professional performances and growth of art teachers.

<p>  </p> <p>The Home Numeracy Environment (HNE) is an essential factor that helps explain children’s numeracy skills. Research in this field has been developed mostly focused on monolingual English-speaking families. More recent studies have analyzed this construct for Latine families using existing HNE measures. However, the existing HNE scales have not taken into consideration cultural differences that contextualize the home environment (Kung et al., 2020), and using those measures in more diverse samples might provide biased results from a deficit perspective. </p> <p>Given the growth of the Latine population in the U.S. and the importance of the HNE for explaining monolingual children’s early numeracy skills, it is important to understand how Latine families foster those skills by identifying and recognizing those families’ funds of knowledge. In this thesis, I use a sequential mixed methods design with the overarching purpose of first understanding the HNE of Latine families living in the U.S. through semi-structured interviews and then developing a culturally contextualized HNE scale for Latine families. Findings from the interviews highlight that numeracy for Latine Families is everywhere and part of everyday informal interactions. The developed HNE scale for Latine families consist of 30 items and reflects three factors: Parents-Child Interactions, Parents’ Math Anxiety, and Math Beliefs. This work enriches the body of knowledge regarding the HNE, not only because of the focus on Latine families but also because of the use of inductive and deductive approaches, the inclusion of a group of experts to validate the scale, and procedures such as IRT to assess items’ performance on the scale. This study updates and increases the cultural relevance of an important measure, as it is the HNE </p>

Submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education in the Departmrnt of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2006. / The present study examines educators' implementation of assessment in Outcomes-Based Education. The aim was to ascertain the extent to which educators use assessment methods, assessment tools, assessment techniques, forms (specific purposes) of assessment and reporting tools. Another aim was to determine whether educators' biographical factors (gender, teaching experience, qualification and teaching phase) have any influence on educators' usage of assessment methods, assessment tools, assessment techniques, forms (specific purposes) of assessment and reporting tools. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of three hundred and three educators. The findings reveal that educators differ in the extent to which they use assessment methods. A very high percentage (66.3%) of educators report a moderate level of using assessment methods, 29.7% report a low usage level and 4% report a high usage level. The findings also indicate that educators' biographical factors have no influence on educators' usage of assessment methods. The findings show that educators differ in the extent to which they use assessment tools. A relatively high percentage (59.1%) of educators report a moderate level of using assessment tools, 6.2% report a low usage level and 34.7% report a high usage level. The findings further reveal that qualification and teaching phase have an influence on educators' usage of assessment tools. The findings reveal that educators differ in the extent to which they use assessment techniques. A high percentage (62.7%) of educators report a moderate level of using assessment techniques, 13.5% report a low usage level and 23.8% report a high usage level. The findings also indicate that teaching phase has an influence on educators' usage of assessment techniques. The findings show that educators differ in the extent to which they use forms (specific purposes) of assessment. A relatively high percentage (50.2%) of educators report a moderate level of using forms of assessment, 6.6% report a low usage level and 43.2% report a high usage level. The findings further indicate that educators' biographical factors have no influence on educators' usage of forms of assessment. The findings reveal that educators differ in the extent to which they use reporting tools. A high percentage (61.4%) of educators report a low level of using reporting tools, 34.6% report a moderate usage level and 4% report a high usage level. The findings also indicate that educators' biographical factors have no influence on educators' usage of reporting tools. On the basis of the findings of this study, a model for implementation process of assessment in OBE was proposed and recommended.

<p>Undergraduate engineering students usually face difficulties understanding electric circuit concepts. Some of those difficulties regard with misconceptions students bring into the classroom and develop during the learning process. Additionally, the increasing complexity of the topics along the fundamental electric circuits course constitutes another factor to those difficulties students experience. Another component we can add to this equation consists of the need of modernize and actualize the curriculum to meet the society’s demands of the next taskforce. Therefore, it is important to investigate the conceptual difficulties students experience when they analyze complex electric circuits. In this dissertation, I identify what those conceptual difficulties are when undergraduate sophomore engineering students attempt to analyze solid-state device circuits. The context of this research comprises a modernized version of the traditional fundamental electric circuits course. This modernized version includes DC analysis, 1^st order transient analysis, AC, and solid-state device analysis. </p> <p>This dissertation took the form of three individual but complementary studies. Each study contributes to partially answer the overall research question. However, each study answered its own research problem. The first study attempted for identifying what concepts beginning students find challenging regarding semiconductors physics, diodes, and transistors. The second study identified student’s misconceptions when they analyze two solid-state device circuits, one with a diode, and the other with a transistor. The final study looked for determining what misconceptions students use at both earlier and more advances stages along the course. This study also searched for understanding how students move through conceptual changes along the semester. </p> <p>The general findings comprise three main points. First, students bring misconceptions into the classroom probably built from their previous experiences. Second, they also can develop those misconceptions through the learning process. This is particularly key regarding the relatively new and complex topics from student’s perspectives. Finally, language plays an important role on the kind of misconceptions students develop. How students perceive the professional community use language contributes to either consolidate or modify old misconceptions or develop new ones.</p>

<p> </p> <p>This dissertation researched the scope of mathematics achievement disparities in the United States and how these disparities can be minimized through a self-efficacy lens. To answer pertinent research questions with data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) 2019 mathematics assessment in Grades 4, 8, and 12, gap analyses, two-level cross-sectional multilevel modeling, and two-level structural equation modeling were conducted. The discoveries demonstrated that the excellence gaps in U.S. in mathematics achievement by race/ethnicity, gender, NSLP, ELL, and IEP persisted and widened from Grade 4 to Grade 8 yet decreased at Grade 12. Self-efficacy was a noteworthy predictor of students’ mathematics achievement, displaying large effect sizes across grades. The disparities in mathematics achievement by student subgroups lessened when students' self-efficacy was equal. Moreover, self-efficacy mediated the relationships between mastery-approach goals, performance-approach goals, interest, persistence in learning and achievement. Additional results demonstrated that the status of being racially/ethnically underrepresented students partially moderated the connections between motivational variables and mathematics achievement. School locale and the percentage of underrepresented students significantly impacted students’ achievement. This dissertation underscores the importance of self-efficacy in closing mathematics achievement gaps and improving students’ mathematics achievement. </p>

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