The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to be a national health crisis affecting all populations. From 1999 to 2016, more than half a million people died from drug overdose. Nonpharmacological therapies are underused in nursing practice due to the gap in nurses' baseline knowledge and confidence related to nonpharmacological techniques for pain management. The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop and implement an expert-reviewed, evidence-based education program focused on nonpharmacological techniques for pain management. Participants included 18 registered nurses (RNs) from an orthopedic unit in a large academic medical center. A 45-minute educational session was conducted for RNs. A pre/postquestionnaire, including a 5-point Likert scale on nurses' self-perceived knowledge and confidence in using selected nonpharmacological techniques, was the method of data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results indicated an increase in nurses' self-perceived knowledge in all nonpharmacological techniques. The most significant increase in knowledge posteducation intervention was guided imagery with an increase of 72% in terms of the response Good. The data analysis indicates that the nurses self-perceived confidence posteducation intervention increased in terms of the response Good by 50 % and response Excellent by 33% demonstrating the efficacy of an evidence- based education program on nonpharmacological techniques. The implications of this project for social change include the empowerment of nurses to provide holistic patient-centered care, opioid sparing in keeping in alignment with patient safety, and the development of an evidence-based program that can be replicated in other settings.

Using a staff development approach, this doctor of nursing practice project addressed the preparation of nurses who serve in the role of mentors. Developed and carried out in an American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet-designated hospital, the primary aim of the project was to develop and implement a staff education program for mentors focusing on best-practice strategies for mentoring new nurses. The secondary purpose was to conduct a literature review on evidence-based practice strategies for mentoring new nurses. This project was guided by Knowles' adult learning theory and Benner's novice to expert model. A 2-hour education program was attended by 16 registered nurses, including 2 assistant nurse managers, 12 clinical nurses, and 2 unit-educators. A program evaluation was completed showing 2 RNs indicating interest in initiating a unit-based mentorship program. Two nursing units reported current mentorship programs already in place. Evaluation results were summarized and reported to the education council chair. Improvements in knowledge scores on mentorship was ascertained from the results of a posttest that were higher (average score of 83.125%) than the scores noted on the pretest (average score of 70%). Potential implications of the project include improving the morale of mentors who would be well equipped through organized mentorship education programs with tools for preparing, training, and developing new nurses. The findings of this project have the potential to positively influence social change by assisting in achieving higher nurse retention rates leading to improved patient outcomes.

Although attitudes toward stigmatised groups are difficult to change, education programs and opportunities that promote direct contact with people who have experienced mental illness have demonstrated success in increasing mental health literacy and reducing stigma surrounding mental illness. The present study examined the effectiveness of a mental illness education program directed at adolescents and the factors influencing its impact. A sample of 694 students (251 males, 443 females), aged between 11 and 19 years, across 13 public and private high schools and colleges throughout the ACT was obtained. Students completed self-report questionnaires relating to stigma, mental health knowledge and help-seeking intentions before and after participating in the education program and their results were compared with a control group. Students participating in the program also completed measures of empathic concern and affect immediately following the program. Results indicated the program was effective in decreasing stigma and increasing knowledge and intentions to seek help. The impact of knowledge, empathy, affect, and similarity to program presenters, on program outcomes was also examined. While the results showed that the combination of contact and education was effective in promoting attitude change, suggestions for improving the impact of the program are discussed.

Although nearly forty years of research has revealed and confirmed practices related to developmental student success, many developmental programs have failed to provide effective intervention. In an effort to organize for developmental student success, Tyler Junior College restructured its developmental program to reflect the needs of their underprepared students and research proven best practices. In one year, they were able to document dramatic results in improved student success. The purpose of this research was to understand the experiences of those involved in changing this developmental program and to generate a theory which explained how they improved the program’s effectiveness. Three basic research questions guided this information gathering process: 1. What were the experiences of the administrators, faculty and support staff in improving a developmental education program? 2. What were the relationships among the experiences of the administrators, faculty and support staff in improving a developmental education program? 3. How did the perceptions of the administration, faculty and support services staff compare? By using the protocol of Interactive Quantitative Analysis, this case study provided an opportunity for those involved in making these changes to tell their stories. These rich descriptions of experiences and perceptions were synthesized into a theory that described how they improved the program’s effectiveness. When compared to related contexts, the results could be useful for making similar transitions elsewhere. / text

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Edith Cowan University, 2006. / Submitted to the Faculty of Computing, Health and Science. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.), Human Environmental Sciences--University of Central Oklahoma, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).

Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender como o tempo escolar ampliado proposto pelo Programa Mais Educação é operacionalizado na instituição educacional e de que maneiras sua ampliação produz efeitos no currículo escolar. O estudo prioriza o tripé conceitual educação integral, tempo escolar e currículo, a partir de uma aproximação com os Estudos Culturais. Os dados foram discutidos utilizando a análise do ciclo de políticas de Ball, a noção de “representação” de Hall e o conceito de “ambivalência” de Bauman, para ressaltar que as ambiguidades convivem com processos de negociação de significados e sentidos na implantação e implementação da política. A pesquisa, de caráter quali-quantitativo, com inspiração etnográfica, foi desenvolvida em duas escolas de uma mesma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul que aderiram ao Programa Mais Educação em 2008. Todavia, essas escolas tinham a particularidade de serem integralizadas na sua totalidade de alunos e de desenvolverem um projeto municipal de turno integral. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, elaboração de diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, alunos e equipe diretiva de cada uma das escolas investigadas, questionários aplicados aos alunos e professores de ambas as instituições de ensino, além da análise documental referente ao Programa Mais Educação, ao Projeto Municipal de Turno Integral e aos projetos político-pedagógicos de cada uma das escolas analisadas. Como resultados, esta pesquisa demonstrou que o aumento do tempo escolar induzido pelo Programa Mais Educação e recontextualizado, pelo processo de hibridismo cultural, no município investigado torna-se indispensável para a efetivação da educação integral como política curricular. Entretanto, os obstáculos encontrados atualmente para sua execução – quanto a repasse de recursos financeiros, conquista de profissionais qualificados e comprometidos com a promoção da jornada ampliada, ampliação dos espaços para a realização da proposta de turno integral, clara divisão de turno e contraturno praticada – tendem a esvaziar o tempo ampliado, dificultando a constituição de uma proposta pedagógica de educação integral em tempo integral. Dessa forma, os tempos educacionais dessas escolas continuavam amarrados a uma perspectiva linear e cronológica de formação de um currículo que evidenciava a relevância dos saberes disciplinares e não efetivava uma política de integração curricular. A operacionalização da integralização verificada demandou uma organização espaço-temporal mais rígida, de tal forma que o tempo ampliado assumiu marcas ambíguas: (a) da disciplina; (b) do improviso/inventivo; (c) do conhecer e conviver; (d) da proteção. O estudo possibilitou compreender também que, se os efeitos da ampliação do tempo escolar demonstravam-se singelos ante a possibilidade de provocar uma reestruturação curricular da escola, por outro lado, eles demonstraram que a ação mais significativa estava ressaltada nas figuras do ser professor e ser aluno no desenvolvimento da escola de turno integral. A extensão da jornada ampliada demonstrou-se cansativa tanto para alunos quanto para professores, ao mesmo tempo que evidenciou uma forte representação da escola como local de proteção e convívio e uma queda de interesse pela jornada ampliada de educação à medida que aumentava o ciclo de formação do estudante. / This thesis aims at understanding how the school extended time proposed by the Brazilian Program: More Education is implemented in the educational institution and in which ways its expansion effects the school curriculum. The study emphasizes the conceptual tripod: integral education, school time and curriculum, from an approximation with the Cultural Studies. The data were discussed using Ball's analysis of policy cycle, Hall's notion of "representation" and Bauman's concept of "ambivalence" in order to emphasize that the ambiguities live with meaning negotiation processes and senses in the deployment and implementation of politics. The qualitative and quantitative research within an ethnographic inspiration was developed in two schools in the same city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which joined the More Education Program in 2008. However, these schools had the distinction of being fulfilled by students and by developing a Full-time Municipal Project. The data were collected through observation, preparation of field diary, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and management team of each of the investigated schools, questionnaires given to students and teachers from both educational institutions, in addition to document analysis regarding the More Education Program, the Full-time Municipal Project and the political-pedagogical projects of each of the analyzed schools. As a result, this research demonstrated that the increase of school time induced by the More Education Program and (re)contextualized by the cultural hybridity process in the investigated city is indispensable for the accomplishment of comprehensive education as a curriculum policy. However, the obstacles currently encountered for execution - for the transfer of funds, achievement of qualified professionals committed to promoting extended working day, increase opportunities for the realization of the full-time proposal clear shift division and practiced after/before school time - They tend to empty the extended time, hindering the formation of a pedagogical proposal for comprehensive full-time education. Thus, the educational time of these schools were still tied to a linear and chronological perspective of forming a curriculum that showed the relevance of disciplinary knowledge and would not implement a curricular integration policy. The operationalization of verified payment demanded tighter space-time organization, such that the extended time assumed ambiguous marks: (a) the subject; (B) the improvisation/inventive; (C) the meet and mingle; (D) the protection. The study made it possible to understand that although the effects of expansion of school time showed up to be simple at the possibility of causing a school curricular restructuring, they demonstrated that the most significant action was highlighted in the figures of being a teacher and being a student in the development of full-time school. The extent of the extended school day proved to be tiring for both students and teachers, while it showed a strong representation of the school as a place of protection and socializing and a decreased interest in the extended school day inasmuch as student training cycle would increase.

Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender como o tempo escolar ampliado proposto pelo Programa Mais Educação é operacionalizado na instituição educacional e de que maneiras sua ampliação produz efeitos no currículo escolar. O estudo prioriza o tripé conceitual educação integral, tempo escolar e currículo, a partir de uma aproximação com os Estudos Culturais. Os dados foram discutidos utilizando a análise do ciclo de políticas de Ball, a noção de “representação” de Hall e o conceito de “ambivalência” de Bauman, para ressaltar que as ambiguidades convivem com processos de negociação de significados e sentidos na implantação e implementação da política. A pesquisa, de caráter quali-quantitativo, com inspiração etnográfica, foi desenvolvida em duas escolas de uma mesma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul que aderiram ao Programa Mais Educação em 2008. Todavia, essas escolas tinham a particularidade de serem integralizadas na sua totalidade de alunos e de desenvolverem um projeto municipal de turno integral. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, elaboração de diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, alunos e equipe diretiva de cada uma das escolas investigadas, questionários aplicados aos alunos e professores de ambas as instituições de ensino, além da análise documental referente ao Programa Mais Educação, ao Projeto Municipal de Turno Integral e aos projetos político-pedagógicos de cada uma das escolas analisadas. Como resultados, esta pesquisa demonstrou que o aumento do tempo escolar induzido pelo Programa Mais Educação e recontextualizado, pelo processo de hibridismo cultural, no município investigado torna-se indispensável para a efetivação da educação integral como política curricular. Entretanto, os obstáculos encontrados atualmente para sua execução – quanto a repasse de recursos financeiros, conquista de profissionais qualificados e comprometidos com a promoção da jornada ampliada, ampliação dos espaços para a realização da proposta de turno integral, clara divisão de turno e contraturno praticada – tendem a esvaziar o tempo ampliado, dificultando a constituição de uma proposta pedagógica de educação integral em tempo integral. Dessa forma, os tempos educacionais dessas escolas continuavam amarrados a uma perspectiva linear e cronológica de formação de um currículo que evidenciava a relevância dos saberes disciplinares e não efetivava uma política de integração curricular. A operacionalização da integralização verificada demandou uma organização espaço-temporal mais rígida, de tal forma que o tempo ampliado assumiu marcas ambíguas: (a) da disciplina; (b) do improviso/inventivo; (c) do conhecer e conviver; (d) da proteção. O estudo possibilitou compreender também que, se os efeitos da ampliação do tempo escolar demonstravam-se singelos ante a possibilidade de provocar uma reestruturação curricular da escola, por outro lado, eles demonstraram que a ação mais significativa estava ressaltada nas figuras do ser professor e ser aluno no desenvolvimento da escola de turno integral. A extensão da jornada ampliada demonstrou-se cansativa tanto para alunos quanto para professores, ao mesmo tempo que evidenciou uma forte representação da escola como local de proteção e convívio e uma queda de interesse pela jornada ampliada de educação à medida que aumentava o ciclo de formação do estudante. / This thesis aims at understanding how the school extended time proposed by the Brazilian Program: More Education is implemented in the educational institution and in which ways its expansion effects the school curriculum. The study emphasizes the conceptual tripod: integral education, school time and curriculum, from an approximation with the Cultural Studies. The data were discussed using Ball's analysis of policy cycle, Hall's notion of "representation" and Bauman's concept of "ambivalence" in order to emphasize that the ambiguities live with meaning negotiation processes and senses in the deployment and implementation of politics. The qualitative and quantitative research within an ethnographic inspiration was developed in two schools in the same city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which joined the More Education Program in 2008. However, these schools had the distinction of being fulfilled by students and by developing a Full-time Municipal Project. The data were collected through observation, preparation of field diary, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and management team of each of the investigated schools, questionnaires given to students and teachers from both educational institutions, in addition to document analysis regarding the More Education Program, the Full-time Municipal Project and the political-pedagogical projects of each of the analyzed schools. As a result, this research demonstrated that the increase of school time induced by the More Education Program and (re)contextualized by the cultural hybridity process in the investigated city is indispensable for the accomplishment of comprehensive education as a curriculum policy. However, the obstacles currently encountered for execution - for the transfer of funds, achievement of qualified professionals committed to promoting extended working day, increase opportunities for the realization of the full-time proposal clear shift division and practiced after/before school time - They tend to empty the extended time, hindering the formation of a pedagogical proposal for comprehensive full-time education. Thus, the educational time of these schools were still tied to a linear and chronological perspective of forming a curriculum that showed the relevance of disciplinary knowledge and would not implement a curricular integration policy. The operationalization of verified payment demanded tighter space-time organization, such that the extended time assumed ambiguous marks: (a) the subject; (B) the improvisation/inventive; (C) the meet and mingle; (D) the protection. The study made it possible to understand that although the effects of expansion of school time showed up to be simple at the possibility of causing a school curricular restructuring, they demonstrated that the most significant action was highlighted in the figures of being a teacher and being a student in the development of full-time school. The extent of the extended school day proved to be tiring for both students and teachers, while it showed a strong representation of the school as a place of protection and socializing and a decreased interest in the extended school day inasmuch as student training cycle would increase.

Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender como o tempo escolar ampliado proposto pelo Programa Mais Educação é operacionalizado na instituição educacional e de que maneiras sua ampliação produz efeitos no currículo escolar. O estudo prioriza o tripé conceitual educação integral, tempo escolar e currículo, a partir de uma aproximação com os Estudos Culturais. Os dados foram discutidos utilizando a análise do ciclo de políticas de Ball, a noção de “representação” de Hall e o conceito de “ambivalência” de Bauman, para ressaltar que as ambiguidades convivem com processos de negociação de significados e sentidos na implantação e implementação da política. A pesquisa, de caráter quali-quantitativo, com inspiração etnográfica, foi desenvolvida em duas escolas de uma mesma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul que aderiram ao Programa Mais Educação em 2008. Todavia, essas escolas tinham a particularidade de serem integralizadas na sua totalidade de alunos e de desenvolverem um projeto municipal de turno integral. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, elaboração de diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, alunos e equipe diretiva de cada uma das escolas investigadas, questionários aplicados aos alunos e professores de ambas as instituições de ensino, além da análise documental referente ao Programa Mais Educação, ao Projeto Municipal de Turno Integral e aos projetos político-pedagógicos de cada uma das escolas analisadas. Como resultados, esta pesquisa demonstrou que o aumento do tempo escolar induzido pelo Programa Mais Educação e recontextualizado, pelo processo de hibridismo cultural, no município investigado torna-se indispensável para a efetivação da educação integral como política curricular. Entretanto, os obstáculos encontrados atualmente para sua execução – quanto a repasse de recursos financeiros, conquista de profissionais qualificados e comprometidos com a promoção da jornada ampliada, ampliação dos espaços para a realização da proposta de turno integral, clara divisão de turno e contraturno praticada – tendem a esvaziar o tempo ampliado, dificultando a constituição de uma proposta pedagógica de educação integral em tempo integral. Dessa forma, os tempos educacionais dessas escolas continuavam amarrados a uma perspectiva linear e cronológica de formação de um currículo que evidenciava a relevância dos saberes disciplinares e não efetivava uma política de integração curricular. A operacionalização da integralização verificada demandou uma organização espaço-temporal mais rígida, de tal forma que o tempo ampliado assumiu marcas ambíguas: (a) da disciplina; (b) do improviso/inventivo; (c) do conhecer e conviver; (d) da proteção. O estudo possibilitou compreender também que, se os efeitos da ampliação do tempo escolar demonstravam-se singelos ante a possibilidade de provocar uma reestruturação curricular da escola, por outro lado, eles demonstraram que a ação mais significativa estava ressaltada nas figuras do ser professor e ser aluno no desenvolvimento da escola de turno integral. A extensão da jornada ampliada demonstrou-se cansativa tanto para alunos quanto para professores, ao mesmo tempo que evidenciou uma forte representação da escola como local de proteção e convívio e uma queda de interesse pela jornada ampliada de educação à medida que aumentava o ciclo de formação do estudante. / This thesis aims at understanding how the school extended time proposed by the Brazilian Program: More Education is implemented in the educational institution and in which ways its expansion effects the school curriculum. The study emphasizes the conceptual tripod: integral education, school time and curriculum, from an approximation with the Cultural Studies. The data were discussed using Ball's analysis of policy cycle, Hall's notion of "representation" and Bauman's concept of "ambivalence" in order to emphasize that the ambiguities live with meaning negotiation processes and senses in the deployment and implementation of politics. The qualitative and quantitative research within an ethnographic inspiration was developed in two schools in the same city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which joined the More Education Program in 2008. However, these schools had the distinction of being fulfilled by students and by developing a Full-time Municipal Project. The data were collected through observation, preparation of field diary, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and management team of each of the investigated schools, questionnaires given to students and teachers from both educational institutions, in addition to document analysis regarding the More Education Program, the Full-time Municipal Project and the political-pedagogical projects of each of the analyzed schools. As a result, this research demonstrated that the increase of school time induced by the More Education Program and (re)contextualized by the cultural hybridity process in the investigated city is indispensable for the accomplishment of comprehensive education as a curriculum policy. However, the obstacles currently encountered for execution - for the transfer of funds, achievement of qualified professionals committed to promoting extended working day, increase opportunities for the realization of the full-time proposal clear shift division and practiced after/before school time - They tend to empty the extended time, hindering the formation of a pedagogical proposal for comprehensive full-time education. Thus, the educational time of these schools were still tied to a linear and chronological perspective of forming a curriculum that showed the relevance of disciplinary knowledge and would not implement a curricular integration policy. The operationalization of verified payment demanded tighter space-time organization, such that the extended time assumed ambiguous marks: (a) the subject; (B) the improvisation/inventive; (C) the meet and mingle; (D) the protection. The study made it possible to understand that although the effects of expansion of school time showed up to be simple at the possibility of causing a school curricular restructuring, they demonstrated that the most significant action was highlighted in the figures of being a teacher and being a student in the development of full-time school. The extent of the extended school day proved to be tiring for both students and teachers, while it showed a strong representation of the school as a place of protection and socializing and a decreased interest in the extended school day inasmuch as student training cycle would increase.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Non-communicable disease (NCD’s) accounts for 80% of the deaths in low and middle socio-economic countries. Emphasis should be placed on the prevention of behavioural risk factors for chronic diseases like alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and smoking to control health risk behaviours in order to lower the amount of deaths caused by NCD’s. In South Africa adolescents indulge in behavioural risk factors that may increase their risk for subsequent chronic diseases of lifestyle. Adolescents should be primary targets for preventative interventions as prevention interventions are usually targeted at healthy individuals. Health education taught in the early years of life is believed to influence the health decisions that individuals make later in life. Health education programmes are currently being implemented worldwide but not many are evaluated to determine the effect of the programme. Thus the aim of this study is to implement and evaluate a health education programme on chronic diseases of lifestyle in a high school in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.