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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A pequena frase a esperança venceu o medo na imprensa cotidiana brasileira : uma leitura discursiva

Souza, Marilena Inácio de 17 December 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5150.pdf: 18093790 bytes, checksum: 4e0ff7d49646b124ac6fcb327ae1e87a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / It is not from today that we live with the discursive spread of small phrases . Since immemorial times, phrases have been separated from their contexts or co-texts and given into circulation singly, as if they were statements above and outside the common texts be they literary, religious, political, scientific or philosophical. In our western society, the phenomenon always occurred, but maybe it has intensified the contemporary world. Media is perhaps the main vehicle and, therefore, the most efficient manager: headlines, eyes , phrases of the week, article titles, main calls, etc. Present trend is fragmentation, of short discourses, due to the fastness with which the facts are given into narrative. The small phrases is, in fact, a communicational practice that newspapers, sites, social networks manage when they publish statements in highlighted condition in their pages. Discursive proliferation of the statement Hope overcame fear taken, here, as analysis object is an example of what we are talking about. Its constant circulation through different fields leads us to interpret it as a pandemic statement, a kind of statement that exceeds even the limits of panaforization (a term that combines pan , of pandemic, and aphorization), occurrences of this statement exceeds the limits of time and space (they keep alive and moves at full speed in media enunciative detachments ten years after its eruption/media explosion in the speech of the elected candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva-PT in 2002). It is, in this case of a statement which discursive status resemble that of a proverb that goes from media support to media support, lasting through times. Throughout thesis, anchored in the discussions proposed by Dominique Maingueneau (2006, 2007, 2010a, 2010b), we show that statement in study infiltrates in newspapers headlines, in article titles, in Youtube video titles, in main calls for forums and debates etc, making raise all species tensions in media. Without the attempt to define all the meanings that different occurrences of the statement Hope overcame fear circulates, because in each manifestation, the meanings are historicized of a different manner, this doctoral research assumes a dual task: in one hand, it tries to account particular data of a non-topic route unity, on the other hand, seeks to describe and analyze linguistic-discursive functioning of the constants detachments of the referred statement in the media Brazilian context. Recent works developed by Maingueneau, specially, those resulting of his research program Aphorizating enunciation that will be the theoretical and methodological support in this work. We believe that the calibration of the conceptual tools mentioned in distinct data frequented by Dominique Maingueneau can illuminate paths for the explanation and comprehension of the linguistic-discursive functioning, not only of the statement Hope overcame fear , but of a whole set of statements, whose main characteristics stems from the fact that they are quotable , memorable , detachable , not only for a brief period, but for a relatively long time with a unique ability of mean different events without cling to none. The analysis that we propose, from a very specific corpus can, thus, gives even more consistence to the Aphorizating Enunciation, which is really new in the franco-brazilian space. We believe that our research can also add to a interpretation of recent history of Brazilian politics. However, an interpretation that does not departs from huge happenings, but of the discursive production of historical events through small phrases . / Não é de hoje que convivemos com a disseminação discursiva de pequenas frases . Desde os tempos imemoriais, frases foram separadas de seus contextos ou co-textos e dadas a circular isoladamente, como se fossem enunciados acima e fora dos textos comuns sejam esses textos literários, religiosos, políticos, científicos ou filosóficos. Na nossa sociedade ocidental, o fenômeno sempre ocorreu, mas talvez se tenha intensificado no mundo contemporâneo. A mídia é talvez seu principal veículo e, por conseguinte, o gestor mais eficiente: manchetes, olhos , frases da semana, títulos de artigos, chamadas principais etc. A tendência atual é de fragmentação, de discursos curtos, devido à rapidez com que os fatos são dados em narrativa. A proliferação discursiva do enunciado a esperança venceu o medo , tomado aqui como objeto de análise, é um exemplo do que estamos falando. A circulação constante desse enunciado, em diferentes campos e lugares discursivos, bem como em diferentes momentos sócio-históricos, nos leva a interpretá-lo como um enunciado de tipo pandêmico , uma espécie de enunciado autônomo que ultrapassa até mesmo os limites da panaforização (termo que associa o pan , de pandemia, e aforização), já que as ocorrências desse enunciado ultrapassam as fronteiras do tempo e do espaço (ele se mantém vivo e segue a todo vapor nos destaques enunciativos midiáticos, dez anos após sua irrupção/explosão no discurso do então presidente eleito, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva-PT, em 2002). Trata-se, no nosso entendimento, de um enunciado cujo estatuto discursivo se assemelha ao de um provérbio que passa de texto em texto, de suporte midiático em suporte midiático, durando e perdurando, ao longo dos tempos. Ancorados nas discussões propostas por Dominique Maingueneau (2006, 2007, 2010a, 2010b), mostramos que o enunciado em estudo se infiltra nas manchetes de jornais, nos títulos de artigos, nos títulos de vídeos publicados YouTube, nas chamadas principais de fóruns de debates etc, suscitando tensões de todas as espécies na mídia. Sem a pretensão de delimitar todos os sentidos que as distintas ocorrências do enunciado a esperança venceu o medo põem a circular, porque a cada nova manifestação, os sentidos são historicizados de outra maneira, esta pesquisa de doutorado assume uma dupla tarefa: por um lado, tenta dar conta de um dado particular de unidade não-tópica do tipo percurso; por outro, busca descrever e analisar o funcionamento linguístico-discursivo dos constantes destacamentos do referido enunciado no contexto midiático brasileiro. Os recentes trabalhos desenvolvidos por Maingueneau, em especial, os resultantes de seu programa de pesquisa Enunciação Aforizante , nos serviram de suporte teórico-metodológico nesta empreitada. Acreditamos que a calibragem das ferramentas conceituais mencionadas, em dados distintos dos frequentados por Dominique Maingueneau, pode iluminar caminhos para explicitação e compreensão do funcionamento linguístico-discursivo não só do enunciado a esperança venceu o medo , mas de todo um conjunto de enunciados, cujas características principais decorrem do fato de serem citáveis , memorizáveis , destacáveis , não só por um breve período, mas por um tempo relativamente longo, com uma capacidade ímpar de interpretar diferentes eventos sem se prender a nenhum deles. A análise que propomos, de um corpus bastante específico, pode, dessa forma, conferir ainda mais consistência à teoria de Enunciação Aforizante, que é bastante nova no espaço franco-brasileiro. Acreditamos que a nossa pesquisa possa contribuir também para uma interpretação da história recente da política brasileira. No entanto, uma interpretação que não parte dos grandes acontecimentos, mas da produção discursiva dos eventos históricos por meio de pequenas frases .
2

中文名詞多義性與詞彙認知歷程 / Multiple Senses of Mandarin Chinese Nominals: Implications for Lexical Access

林千哲, Lin, Chien-Jer Charles Unknown Date (has links)
本論文以語意學、認知語言學及心理語言學的觀點,探討中文名詞的多義現象。本篇論文討論詞彙多重意義的語言及心理語言表徵,並研究詞義如何在心理詞彙庫中被擷取。 文中藉由認知語言學者Tuggy(1993)所提出的認知語意架構,及詞彙語意學中「同形異義詞(homonymy)」、「一詞多義(polysemy)」及「模糊意義(vagueness)」等觀念之區辨,探索詞義之本質。本文所談之意義(sense)根據Ahrens(1999)之定義有以下三個特性:(1)意義非轉喻(metonymy)或部分/全體(meronymy)之延伸,但可以是隱喻性延伸;(2)意義之間的延伸關係無法由在同類名詞中直接以規律獲得;(3)除非特意,一詞的不同意義不會在同一語境中同時出現。 針對詞彙辨識歷程的語意效應,本論文有三大研究主題--意義數目效應、意義相關性效應及相對意義頻率效應。各效應之預測如下:「意義數目效應」認為意義數目較多的詞彙在詞彙判斷作業(lexical decision tasks)中比較容易辨識;「意義相關性效應」認為當一個詞的意義之間的相關性較高時,該詞的辨識時間亦會較快;「相對意義頻率效應」則認為一個詞意義之間頻率差異程度越小,該詞越有歧義之特質,也因此越容易辨識。 本研究旨在以實證方式探討這些語意向度在詞彙辨識歷程中所扮演的角色。由受試者提供200個中文名詞的意義並決定意義間的相關性;進行電腦詞彙判斷作業,得到辨識每個詞所需的反應時間;再由統計考驗反應時間來驗證各效應。 本研究結果發現只有「意義數目效應」達顯著水準,意義數目較多的詞彙在詞彙判斷作業中比較容易辨識。此一效應支持心理詞彙庫的隨機觸接模型(random access model)及平行觸接模型(parallel access model)並駁斥「序列搜尋模型(serial access model)」。 / This thesis studies the multiple senses of Chinese nominals from semantic, cognitive linguistic, and psycholinguistic viewpoints. It discusses the linguistic and psycholinguistic representations of a word's multiple senses, and the access of these senses in the mental lexicon. The nature of lexical meaning is examined by discussing lexical semantic notions such as homonymy, polysemy, and vagueness, and by introducing Tuggy's (1993) cognitive linguistic representation of a word's multiple lexical meanings. The "senses" of a word are defined according to the lexical semantic theory of Ahrens (1999) as having three properties: (1) A sense is not an instance of metonymic or meronymic extension, but may be an instance of metaphorical extension. (2) The extension links between two senses cannot be inherited by a class of nouns. (3) Senses cannot appear in the same context (unless the complexity is triggered). This thesis specifically looks into three semantic effects on word recognition, including the word's number-of-sense (NOS) effect, the effect of sense relatedness, and the effect of relative sense frequency. The predictions of these effects are as follows: The NOS effect predicts that words with more senses are recognized faster than those with fewer senses. The effect of sense relatedness predicts that words with more closely related senses are easier to recognize than those with distantly related senses. The effect of relative sense frequency predicts that words with equal sense frequencies are more easily recognized than words with unequal sense frequencies. This research aims at empirically verifying these three effects during the recognition of isolated lexical items. Subjects generate the senses of 200 Chinese nominals, and rate the relatedness among these senses. Lexical decision tasks are conducted to obtain the reaction times required to recognize each stimulus item. The semantic effects are verified by comparing the reaction times of different groups of experimental stimuli. The experimental results confirm only the NOS effect, giving support to the random and parallel access models of lexical access, and refuting the serial access model of the mental lexicon.

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