Zahlreiche Arbeiten im Bereich der Entrepreneurship-Forschung versuchen aus unterschiedlichen disziplinären Perspektiven zu erklären, warum manche Menschen Opportunities wahrnehmen und unternehmerisch tätig werden und andere nicht. Dies wird in der Literatur als "Opportunity Recognition" (OR) bezeichnet und weitgehend als Kernelement im entrepreneurialen Prozess beschrieben. Aufgrund dieser Bedeutung von Opportunity Recognition entwickelten sich zahlreiche Erklärungsansätze, die als ökonomische, psychologische oder sozio-kognitive Perspektiven in die Entrepreneurship-Forschung eingeführt wurden. Die vorherrschende Trennung in disziplinenspezifische Erklärungsansätze hat zwar ihre Berechtigung, liefert jedoch bisher unbefriedigend integrative Erkenntnisse. In Abgrenzung zu anderen Arbeiten betrachtet dieser Beitrag Opportunity Recognition auf Basis subjektiver Theorien von Entrepreneuren. Der integrative Ansatz der subjektiven Theorien bietet das Potential disziplinenübergreifend Hinweise auf mögliche Einflussfaktoren der OR in subjektiven Theoriebeständen zu untersuchen. Ziel der Arbeit ist zu erforschen, welche inhaltlichen und strukturellen Charakteristika subjektive Theorien von Entrepreneuren aufweisen und inwiefern sich Logiken und/oder Strategien für die Identifikation einer Opportunity in ihnen widerspiegeln. Dazu wurde eine empirische Rekonstruktion der Strukturlogik subjektiver Theorien von Entrepreneuren auf Basis von narrativen Interviews und objektiv-hermeneutischen Interpretationsverfahren durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit liefern vielfältige Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Strukturen und Inhalte von subjektiven Theorien von Entrepreneuren sowie ihrer Entwicklung. Sie verweisen auf die zentrale Bedeutung sozialer Interaktionskontexte des Entrepreneurs, sowohl für die Ausprägung subjektiver Theoriebestände im Allgemeinen als auch für die Schärfung von Opportunities und ihrer Verwertung im Speziellen. Zudem wird deutlich, dass sich subjektive Theoriebestände hinsichtlich ihres Abstraktions- und Komplexitätsgrades sowie ihrer zeitlichen Stabilität maßgeblich unterscheiden. Die Erkenntnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit lassen Zweifel an der Sinnhaftigkeit einer auf ein analytisches Konstrukt "Opportunity" fokussierten Forschung aufkommen. Als Alternative wird das umfassendere Konzept der subjektiven Unternehmertheorie vorgeschlagen, das die Relevanz mentaler Modelle von Unternehmern und das ihnen inhärente Integrationspotential für unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren und Erklärungsansätze für OR verdeutlicht. (Autorenref.)

Background: With the high pace global market development we are experiencing that there is a need for entreprenurs to always be alert and seize opportunities when they appear, espcially in the SME- sector. Researchers have during the years worked with questions surrounding the area of International New Ventures, different opportunity aspects and entreprenurial processes. However there seems to be a gap in the research surrounding the correlation between these related areas and how it effects the opportunity realization process. This gap has lead the researchers to the purpose and the research question stated below. Research question: What is the role of the entrepreneurial process in opportunity realization of Swedish INVs? Purpose: To conduct an exploratory study to further the knowledge within the field of opportunity realization within Swedish INVs and to see the impact that the entrepreneurial process in the shape of Causation and Effectuation logics has in terms of the realization process. Methodology: The researchers worked through an abductive approch with an exploratory purpose where the empirical findings were gathered from four different case companies that operated in different business sectors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to collect primary data, founded in the qualitative method background. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that a correct assessment of the capabilities of the entrepreneur is extremely important. Failing to provide a correct assessment may lead to a misinterpreted opportunity which may lead to a failure in terms of Opportunity realization. The authors concluded that the role of the entreprenerial process is very central in the Opportunity realization process, especially in the beginning of the venture.

The purpose of this thesis is to see how home networks and relationships are involved in the internationalization process of INVs. Therefore we will investigate how INVs are affected and use their home networks/relationships and to reach this purpose we have formulated two research questions:  What roles do relationships and networks on the home market have for Swedish INVs internationalization?  How do Swedish INVs use domestic relationships and their home network when internationalizing? The theoretical framework thus includes INV theory in order to categorize the case companies, networks and relations theory to see if different types of INVs respond differently to their different types of networks and international entrepreneurship theory as a higher theoretical lens to analyse the entrepreneurial behaviour. The methodology is qualitative and has an abductive approach, combined with a multiple case study on six companies which fall under the INV category. We have divided the gathered empirical data and analysed the cases where empirical data will be interpreted with the theoretical framework. The study’s conclusion indicates that INVs use their home networks/relationships as door openers to foreign markets. We then present the theoretical gap we found within the field of research and the theoretical contribution we found as well as suggestions for further research and managerial implications for practicing managers.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar evidências da aplicabilidade da teoria de effectuation na criação de novos negócios. A teoria de effectuation tenta explicar como acontece o processo de tomada de decisão de empreendedores na criação de novos negócios ou produtos em ambientes de incerteza. Para tal foi utilizado um questionário estruturado aplicado ao fundador de uma empresa situada no município de Picada Café. A conclusão do trabalho é de que existem evidências de que esse empreendedor pesquisado utilizou a lógica effectual na criação desse empreendimento. / The objective of this work is to identify evidences of the applicability of the effectuation theory on new businesses creation. The effectuation theory explains how the decision making process on the creation of new business or products occurs on environments with great uncertainty. For that matter a structured survey was applied to the founder of a company located in Picada Café. The conclusion is that there are evidences that this entrepreneur used the effectual logic on this new venture creation.

Submitted by Nathalia Fiala (nathaliafiala@gmail.com) on 2012-03-16T16:39:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Nathalia Fiala_completa.pdf: 1674852 bytes, checksum: aef3f7a5412a5d489da1fb53cadaab15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-03-16T17:00:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Nathalia Fiala_completa.pdf: 1674852 bytes, checksum: aef3f7a5412a5d489da1fb53cadaab15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-16T17:12:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Nathalia Fiala_completa.pdf: 1674852 bytes, checksum: aef3f7a5412a5d489da1fb53cadaab15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Atualmente, existe um consenso entre educadores e pesquisadores de que o empreendedorismo pode ser ensinado. No entanto, discutem-se quais os métodos e ferramentas mais apropriados para este aprendizado. Através de um estudo qualitativo exploratório, utilizando a análise de conteúdo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as contribuições das incubadoras de negócios como agentes estimuladores da aprendizagem do empreendedorismo. Por meio de entrevistas com estudantes de Administração que trabalhavam nas incubadoras catarinenses, observou-se que os estudantes valorizam tanto o aprendizado formal obtido na sala de aula quanto o aprendizado prático do dia-a-dia da incubadora. Os resultados indicam que as incubadoras podem ser utilizadas como ambiente de aprendizagem do empreendedorismo, ainda pouco explorado pelas instituições de ensino, principalmente do aprendizado que segue uma lógica mais próxima ao effectuation, associado ao aprender fazendo e à tentativa e erro.

Fashion companies struggle with internationalization, as do many retailers, but nevertheless they need to take action and cross borders in order to increase their revenue. A strong focus on the entrepreneurial capabilities of a company is suggested to enhance the process and the model of internationalization as the entrepreneurial process is addressed as an established tool for internationalization. The aim of this paper is to investigate what role internationalization as an entrepreneurial process model plays in the fashion industry context. To do this, a qualitative study with five fashion companies and four trade organizations is conducted. A theoretical framework on the network internationalization process model guides the data collection consisting of several interviews with owners, CEOs and managers. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial capabilities, networks and being able to exploit contingencies play an important role for internationalization in the fashion industry. I conclude that internationalization as an entrepreneurial process can be applied in the fashion industry context.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T21:38:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPauloDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 5717561 bytes, checksum: 79eed29f2011f51218a5d93114dd58e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-19T18:39:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPauloDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 5717561 bytes, checksum: 79eed29f2011f51218a5d93114dd58e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T18:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPauloDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 5717561 bytes, checksum: 79eed29f2011f51218a5d93114dd58e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / O presente estudo busca compreender de que forma usu?rios e gestor de Tecnologia da Informa??o (TI) adotam pr?ticas de Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), ? luz dos princ?pios da teoria Effectuation. No referencial te?rico, desenvolvem-se discuss?es sobre o contexto da consumeriza??o, suas aplica??es e implica??es para as organiza??es e indiv?duos, a abordagem da teoria Effectuation, o racioc?nio effectual, seus princ?pios e o processo. Trata-se de um estudo explorat?rio-descritivo, utilizando o m?todo misto de pesquisa ? qualitativo e quantitativo ? por meio de um estudo de caso ?nico, do qual participaram 42 usu?rios e o gestor de TI de uma empresa que atua h? 49 anos no setor varejista/atacadista de Natal/RN. Para a an?lise dos dados coletados junto aos usu?rios de TI, utilizou-se a estat?stica descritiva, regress?o log?stica (bootstrap), correla??o de Pearson e teste U de Mann-Whitney, com o aux?lio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) vers?o 21. Para a an?lise da entrevista concedida pelo gestor de TI, utilizou-se a an?lise de conte?do categorial ? an?lise tem?tica ? com o aux?lio do software ATLAS.ti, vers?o 7.5.15. A pesquisa mostra, por meio das metainfer?ncias, que existem diverg?ncias entre a ado??o das pr?ticas de BYOD pelos usu?rios de TI ? perfil effectual prevalente ? e pela empresa, representada pela gestor de TI ? perfil causal ? considerando que os aspectos da gest?o voltados para a mitiga??o de imprevistos, seguran?a da informa??o e o controle para o uso com foco no trabalho v?o de encontro ? perspectiva dos usu?rios de TI, de que por meio das pr?ticas de BYOD ? poss?vel uma atua??o aut?noma e dirigida ? inova??o, em raz?o da explora??o das conting?ncias e a realiza??o de parcerias com colegas de trabalho e/ou clientes e/ou fornecedores. No entanto, usu?rios e gestor de TI convergem em rela??o ? perspectiva sobre os benef?cios para as atividades da organiza??o, no que diz respeito ? satisfa??o dos funcion?rios, ? melhoria do atendimento aos clientes e ? realiza??o de parcerias para a ado??o, visto que o gestor percebe como uma parceria a disponibiliza??o da infraestrutura de TI organizacional para que os funcion?rios possam utilizar seus pr?prios aparelhos. Conclui-se que a realiza??o de parcerias engloba a ocorr?ncia de intera??es entre os usu?rios e o gestor de TI, o que potencializa a a??o humana na constru??o da ado??o das pr?ticas de BYOD, sobretudo quando o altru?smo inteligente se faz presente. Deve-se destacar que, na gest?o da ado??o, se dever? considerar o n?vel de escolaridade do usu?rio e a perspectiva de que a ado??o das pr?ticas ocorre em virtude da possibilidade dos aparelhos serem usados em qualquer lugar, conforme os modelos logit, a fim de otimizar o atendimento das demandas da maior parte dos usu?rios de TI da empresa. / The following study seeks to comprehend in which way Information Technology (IT) users and manager conduct the adoption of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) practices, under the light of Effectuation theory principles. The theoretical framework brings discussions on the context of consumerization, its applications and implications for organizations and individuals, the Effectuation theory approach, the effectual logic, its principles and process. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, which uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods by means of one single case study, in which took part 42 users and the IT manager of a company that has been operating for the last 49 years in the retailer/wholesaler sector in the city of Natal/RN. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression (bootstrap), Pearson correlation and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the analysis of the data collected from the IT users, along with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21. Categorical content analysis ? thematic analysis ? was used for the analysis of the interview granted by the IT manager, with the support of the ATLAS.ti software, version 7.5.1.5. The research evinces, by means of metainferences, the existence of divergences between the adoption of BYOD practices by IT users ? effectual profile prevalent ? and by the company, represented by the IT manager ? causal profile. The management aspects concerning unforeseen events mitigation, information safety and control enforcing the used towards work activities go against IT users? perspective, which assume that, by means of BYOD practices, it is possible to attain an autonomous and innovation-biased performance, due to contingencies exploration and the establishment of partnerships with coworkers and/or clients and/or suppliers. Nevertheless, both IT users and manager converge regarding the perspective towards the benefits to the organization activities, in terms of employees? satisfaction, to the improvement of customer?s services and to the realization of partnerships for the adoption, since the IT manager perceives the availability of IT infrastructure by the company so that the employees may use their own devices as a partnership. It is concluded that the establishment of partnerships encompass the occurrence of interactions between the used and the IT manager, which enhance the human action upon the construction of BYOD practices adoption, especially when intelligent altruism is present. It must be highlighted that, in the adoption policy, the user educational level and the perspective that these practices adoption occur due to the possibility of the devices being used anywhere must be considered, according to the logit models, in order to optimize the meeting of the demands from most IT users of the company.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar evidências da aplicabilidade da teoria de effectuation na criação de novos negócios. A teoria de effectuation tenta explicar como acontece o processo de tomada de decisão de empreendedores na criação de novos negócios ou produtos em ambientes de incerteza. Para tal foi utilizado um questionário estruturado aplicado ao fundador de uma empresa situada no município de Picada Café. A conclusão do trabalho é de que existem evidências de que esse empreendedor pesquisado utilizou a lógica effectual na criação desse empreendimento. / The objective of this work is to identify evidences of the applicability of the effectuation theory on new businesses creation. The effectuation theory explains how the decision making process on the creation of new business or products occurs on environments with great uncertainty. For that matter a structured survey was applied to the founder of a company located in Picada Café. The conclusion is that there are evidences that this entrepreneur used the effectual logic on this new venture creation.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar evidências da aplicabilidade da teoria de effectuation na criação de novos negócios. A teoria de effectuation tenta explicar como acontece o processo de tomada de decisão de empreendedores na criação de novos negócios ou produtos em ambientes de incerteza. Para tal foi utilizado um questionário estruturado aplicado ao fundador de uma empresa situada no município de Picada Café. A conclusão do trabalho é de que existem evidências de que esse empreendedor pesquisado utilizou a lógica effectual na criação desse empreendimento. / The objective of this work is to identify evidences of the applicability of the effectuation theory on new businesses creation. The effectuation theory explains how the decision making process on the creation of new business or products occurs on environments with great uncertainty. For that matter a structured survey was applied to the founder of a company located in Picada Café. The conclusion is that there are evidences that this entrepreneur used the effectual logic on this new venture creation.

Digital technologies have profoundly reshaped many industries in the past years and we are continuously witnessing the creation of new ventures designing and serving entirely new markets. At the heart of these initiatives lies decisions to act, take risk and pursue ideas in the form of entrepreneurial opportunities. Much of the research on the journey from ideas to market has advanced from the idea that entrepreneurial agency emerges at the nexus of individuals and opportunities. In most academic work, opportunities are either assumed to be exogenous to the individual or socially constructed. Despite many valuable contributions in the field, the construct as it has traditionally been used only accounts for and explains opportunities once they have been realized. Hence, the established perspectives fall short in informing our understanding of how individuals actually act and make decisions that lead up to the identification and exploitation of opportunities that lack tangible premises. The question is therefore, how do we define and understand entrepreneurial opportunities before they have been realized and how do we make the construct empirically operable? The present study challenges and extends the conventional views of entrepreneurial opportunities by investigating what they are and how they emerge and evolve over time. By drawing upon in-depth qualitative data from a longitudinal study of the new venture creation process of a digital TV and film production firm, the thesis provides a reconceptualization of the opportunity construct. External enablers, a new venture idea, a business model and opportunity confidence are suggested as components that clarify what aspiring entrepreneurs actually mean when they talk about opportunities. Departing from these components, the thesis provides a framework describing opportunity development as an iterative process evolving through modes of sensemaking, sensegiving and sensebreaking. This framework adds to entrepreneurial process studies by extending the individual-opportunity nexus to include the actions and interactions between the entrepreneurs and the external environment in which they operate. The results lay a foundation for future theorizing and empirical inquiry into the early stages of new venture creation.