Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 felicio_gb_me_botfmvz.pdf: 193754 bytes, checksum: 08b79f22861822c2b5ed82d28f43112c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a eficiência na congelabilidade e fertilidade da substituição da gema de ovo pela lecitina de soja no diluidor comercial Botu-Crio® (BC). Foram realizados dois experimentos laboratoriais e os respectivos testes de fertilidade. No experimento I comparou-se o diluente Botu-Crio® com o diluidor o Botu-Crio em que a gema de ovo foi substituída pela lecitina de soja numa concentração de 45g/L (BCLS45). Utilizou-se um ejaculado de 15 garanhões da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH). Para o teste de fertilidade do Experimento I foi utilizado um garanhão da raça BH. Foram inseminados 12 éguas com o BC e 17 com o BCLS45. No experimento II comparou-se o diluente BC com o Botu-Crio sem gema de ovo (BCLS) acrescido de diferentes concentrações de lecitina de soja: 10,0; 12,5; 15,0; 17,5 e 20,0g/L (BCLS10; BCLS 12,5; BCLS15; BCLS17,5 e BCLS 20). Para tal, foram utilizados 1 ejaculado de 10 garanhões dde diferentes raças. Para o teste de fertilidade do experimento II utilizou-se um garanhão da raça Trakener e foram realizadas inseminações comparativas entre BC e BCLF20, sendo utilizadas 12 éguas com BC vs 10 éguas com BCLS20. Também comparou-se os diluente BC com o BCLS10, no qual foi utilizado um garanhão da raça Westfalen e foram inseminadas 8 éguas com BC vs 12 éguas com BCLS10. No Experimento I, os resultados de motilidade total, (61,4±16,2x61,4±15,9); motilidade progressiva, (27,0±9,8x26,7±10,6); íntegridade da membrana plasmática (IMP) (53,4±11,5x57,4±7,0); respectivamente para os diluidores Botu-Crio® e BCLS45, não havendo diferença entre os parâmetros espermáticos (p>0,05). No experimento II também não foram observadas diferenças entre os parâmetros avaliados, sendo para motilidade total BC (68,1±15,9) e BCLS10; BCLS12,5; BCLS15; BCLS17,5 e BCLS20 (65,8±13,5; 65,9±17,6; 67,6±11,2; 64,0±15,3 e 60,5±15,3)... / The objective of the present study was to verify the freezability and fertility of the BotuCrio without egg yolk extender where the egg yolk was replaced by soy been lecithin. Two experiments were performed on experiment 1 Botu-Crio® (BC) and Botu Crio without egg yolk containing 45g/L soy been lecithin (BCLS45) were compared. One ejaculated from 15 stallions from Braziliam Jump Horse Bred were used. On experiment 2, different concentrations of de soy bean lecithin: 10,0; 12,5; 15,0; 17,5 e 20,0g/L (BCLS10, BCLS12,5, BCLS17,5 e BCLS20) were compared. On the first fertility trial 12 mares were inseminated. With BC and 17 mares with Botu-Crio without egg yolk (BCLS45) using semen from only one stallion. On the second fertility trial 12 mares were inseminated with BC and another 10 mares with BCLS20. In another fertility trial 12 mares were inseminated with Botu-Crio vs and 8 mares with BCLS10 using frozen semen from a Westfalen stallion. No differences were observed on total motility (61.4 x 61.4); progressive motility, (27.0x26.7); plasmatic menbrane integrity (IMP) (53.4x57.4); between Botu-Crio® and Botu-Crio without egg yolk, (p>0,05). Also no differences were observed when different concentrations of soy been lecithin were used. The results were : For total motility BC (68,1±15,9) BCLS10, BCLS12,5, BCLS17,5 , BCLS20 (65,8±13,5; 65,9±17,6; 67,6±11,2; 64,0±15,3 ,60,5±15,3), for progressive motility: BC (28,8±9,2) and BCLS10, BCLS12,5, BCLS17,5 e BCLS20(29,8±9,8; 29,6±9,7; 31,4±8,2; 30,2±10,5 and 26,6±11,5) and IMP BC (50,7±10,3) and BCLS10, BCLS12,5, BCLS17,5 e BCLS20 (47,5±8,5; 46,6±12,2; 49,9±8,8; 46,1±10,3 and 43,6±10,9). The results of the fertility trials were: BC vs BCLS45 , 66,0 e 17% respectively (p<0,01); BC vs BCLS20 66,0 e 40,0% e BC vs BCLS10 75,0 e 41,0 respectively. In spite of similar laboratorial finds the fertility was different between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Eunice Oba / Resumo: A congelação de sêmen é uma ferramenta de grande importância na reprodução de animais domésticos, auxiliando na difusão do do material genético, preservando-o por tempo indeterminado, além do maior aproveitamento do uso de reprodutores com genética superior comprovada. Para que a congelação de sêmen seja eficiente e alcance resultados satisfatórios com a inseminação, utiliza-se no processo o emprego de diluentes, que tem como função proteger a célula contra o choque térmico e manter o espermatozoide viável até o momento da inseminação. O uso de frações de leite como meio diluidor tem se tornado muito conhecida e de grande importância no processo, usando, por exemplo, as micelas de caseína que conferem função de proteção da membrana plasmática e manutenção da viabilidade espermática. Levando em conta essas informações, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do caseinato de sódio nas características seminais pós descongelação do sêmen utilizando diluentes a base de gema de ovo (BB) e o mesmo diluente acrescido de caseinato de sódio 2% (BC).No experimento I, foram colhidos 3 ejaculados de 8 animais (n=24) por eletroejaculação, este sêmen foi divido em duas alíquotas, uma era diluída em meio comercial a base de gema de ovo e a outra alíquota diluída no mesmo meio mas acrescido de 2% de caseinato de sódio, em seguida foram envasadas em palhetas francesas com volume de 0,25 ml e refrigerado 4 horas á 5 °C em seguida congelado em nitrogênio líquido. Após a congelação as amo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The reproduction of domestic animals, helping in the diffusion of the genetic material, preserving it indefinitely, in addition to the greater use of reproducers with proven superior genetics. In order for semen freezing to be efficient and achieve satisfactory results with insemination, the use of diluents is used in the process, which has the function of protecting the cell against thermal shock and keeping the sperm viable until the time of insemination. The use of milk fractions as a diluting medium has become very well known and of great importance in the process, using, for example, the casein micelles that provide a protective function of the plasma membrane and maintenance of sperm viability. Taking this information into account, this study aimed to evaluate the action of sodium caseinate on semen characteristics after semen thawed using egg yolk (BB) diluents and the same diluent plus 2% sodium caseinate (BC) In experiment I, 3 ejaculates were collected from 8 animals (n = 24) by electroejaculation, this semen was divided into two aliquots, one was diluted in commercial medium based on egg yolk and the other diluted in the same medium but added of 2% sodium caseinate, then they were packaged in French straws with a volume of 0.25 ml and refrigerated 4 hours at 5 ° C then frozen in liquid nitrogen. After freezing, the samples were evaluated by computerized analysis of sperm movement (CASA), integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes and generation of superoxide anion... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In meeting the high demand for monoclonal antibodies, the chicken immunoglobulin system was exploited to generate recombinant antibodies against multiple target antigens. Following simultaneous immunisation of two chickens with a mixture of Plasmodium falciparum recombinant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), histidine rich protein II (HRPII) and aldolase (ALDO), recombinant trypanosome variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) and malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) each chicken produced egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against four of the five antigens. Using phage display technology, two single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody libraries, one with the immunoglobulin VH and VL chain regions joined by a single amino acid (G) and the other with a 15 amino acid flexible linker [(G4S) 3] were constructed using pooled splenic RNA. The single amino acid-linked scFv repertoire was evaluated as a source of highly specific diagnostic antibodies by panning against each of the five different antigens. After two rounds of panning, polyclonal phage ELISA showed the presence of antigen-specific phage antibodies against three (LDH, HRPII and VSG) of the five antigens. Five different anti-LDH and six different anti-HRPII scFvs were identified by sequence analysis. Evidence of high levels of antigen-driven gene conversion events was found in the framework and complementary determining regions and the VL chain pseudogene donors were identified. Stability of the selected scFvs was determined by incubation at different times and at different temperatures. The specificity and potential use of an LDH-specific scFv as a diagnostic reagent was shown in sandwich and competitive inhibition ELISAs. / Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

The study includes separate papers, which are all linked by their emphasis on the effect of different diets on the impact of the development of the small intestine of the young ostrich. This abstract is intended to provide readers with a broad overview of the outcomes of the study. Part 1: Yolk utilisation and the development of the small intestines Chapter 2 deals with the composition of egg yolk as it is absorbed by starved ostrich Struthio camelus L. ) chicks from one to seven days post-hatching and for ostrich (Struthio camelus L.) chicks from one to sixteen days post-hatching on a pre-starter broiler diet. Chapter 3 provides information on the intestinal enzymes of ostrich (Struthio camelus L. ) chicks from one to sixteen days post-hatching on a pre-starter broiler diet. The effect of growth on enzyme activity immediately post-hatching up to sixteen days of age was studied. Chapter 4 details a histological and morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract of ostrich (Struthio camelus L.) chicks from two to sixteen days post-hatching on a pre-starter broiler diet. The effect of growth on histological and morphological changes in the various parts of the small intestines was examined. Part 2: Influence on various pre-starter diets on growth and the development of the intestinal tract Chapter 5 discussed a growth and digestibility study of ostrich (Struthio camelus L.) chicks on eight different pre-starter diets. The performance, growth and physiological development of the chicks on high and low variations of different nutritional components were examined. Chapter 6 provides information on certain intestinal enzymes of ostrich (Struthio camelus L.) chicks on the eight different pre-starter diets. Chapter 7 dealt with the histological and morphological changes of the gastrointestinal tract of ostrich (Struthio camelus L.) chicks as a result of high and low variations of different nutritional components in prestarter diets. Implications The first part of this study revealed that although it appeared that yolk content was absorbed faster in starved ostrich chicks, intake of external feed had a positive influence on the absorption of fat from the yolk. The changes in the fatty acid composition of the yolk fat content that were observed may indicate that ostrich chicks have the ability to withdraw certain fatty acid components, especially unsaturated fatty acids. The digestive tract of ostrich chicks was compared with that of broiler chicks and differences observed in amylase and lipase activity between the birds in this trial and in poultry could be due to genetic differences between species. It could also be due to the genetic homogeneity of the poultry chicks that were used in the trials, whereas ostrich chicks have not been subjected to the same extent of advanced breeding improvement to date. Results on histological and morphological growth of the small intestines of the ostrich chick indicate increased absorption with an increase in age. The second part of this study revealed that ostrich chicks performed differently on diets formulated with different nutritional components. It appears that a high fat and low sugar content in the diet is advantageous in ostrich pre-starter diets. Although there were a few mortalities during the trials, there is no clear indication as to why the chicks died, as the causes of mortalities were not investigated. Differences in composition of the eight pre-starter diets did not seem to have an influence on the protein content or enzyme activity of the small intestines of ostrich chicks. An anti-nutritional factor within certain feedstuffs may, however, have had an influence on enzyme activity. Similar results were obtained for the histological and morphological parameters which were measured in chicks fed the different diets. There was no single diet that promoted intestine development, although it seemed as if the small intestines of the chicks fed the high protein diet were under higher digestive stress than those of the chicks fed the other diets. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Anatomy and Physiology / Unrestricted

The main purpose of the project was to investigate existing markets within the food- and cosmetic industry in order to determine a strategy for market entrance with the bonus product of Fresenius Kabi. The original bonus product, P080, is a rest product from the process where phospholipids are extracted from egg yolk powder. P80 is a refine version of the P080 where egg yolk oil has been extracted, hence the protein content in P80 is higher. The extracted egg yolk oil is the final portion of the bonus product. Thereby, the original bonus product can be divided into two refined fractions. This project investigates the potential for each of these three substances to be a part of a fictive product.  By scanning the global protein market as well as the egg yolk protein and egg oil market, seven potential product segments were discovered. These segments were further evaluated in order to bring out specific products that were potential candidates as products based on the bonus product.  The analysis resulted in two fictive products based on P080; high value nutrition bars and snacks for seniors, one based on P80; protein powder, and one based on egg yolk oil; dietary supplement. All presented in three business cases.

Le jaune d’œuf est une source de nutriments et de molécules bioactives pour l’embryon. Il renferme de nombreuses protéases et antiprotéases, dont la fonction reste méconnue. Notre objectif était d’identifier et de caractériser les protéases/antiprotéases associées spécifiquement à la formation du jaune d’œuf (vitellogénèse). Les précurseurs du jaune sont exprimés par le foie à la maturité sexuelle des poules. Par une approche transcriptomique, nous avons identifié 582 gènes, dont 15 protéases et antiprotéases, sur exprimés par le foie des poules sexuellement matures. Au moins trois d’entre elles sont présentes dans le jaune ou la membrane vitelline. Nous avons montré que l’expression de la « similar to nothepsin », une protéase prédite de fonction inconnue, était spécifique du foie des femelles et pourrait participer à la maturation des précurseurs du jaune. D’autre part, nous avons démontré que l’ovoinhibiteur, une antiprotéase du jaune, aurait un rôle dans la défense antimicrobienne de l’œuf. L’intégration de l’ensemble de ces résultats fournira des données essentielles relatives à la vitellogénèse et à la fonction des protéases/antiprotéases dans le jaune d’œuf. / The egg yolk is a source of nutrients and bioactive molecules for the embryo,including many proteases/antiproteases, the function of which is still unknown. Our objective was to identify and characterize proteases/ antiproteases that are specifically associated with the formation of the yolk (vitellogenesis). Yolk precursors are synthesized by the liver at sexual maturity of hens. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 582 genes, including15 proteases and antiproteases that are over-expressed by the liver at sexual maturity of hens. At least three of them are recovered in the egg yolk or the vitelline membrane. We have shown that the expression of "similar to nothepsin” was specific to the liver of females. This protease could participate in the processing of yolk precursors. We have also demonstrated that egg yolk ovoinhibitor is antimicrobial and could therefore participate in egg defense. The integration of all these results will provide major data relative to vitellogenesis and to the function of proteases/antiproteases in the egg yolk.

Orientador: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Resumo: Os efeitos da adição de biomassa de Rubrivivax gelatinosus em dietas de galinhas poedeiras foram investigados. Sorgo e milho foram utilizados para formulação de rações basais que receberam níveis crescentes de biomassa. A biomassa bacteriana aumentou a tonalidade de vermelho e diminuiu a luminosidade das gemas quando adicionada a ambas as rações basais. Na ração à base de milho, 1.500ppm de biomassa foram suficientes para alcançar a preferência do consumidor, enquanto que, com ração à base de sorgo, 7.500ppm foram necessários para atingir o mesmo objetivo. Galinhas alimentadas com ração à base de milho tiveram consumo de ração superior e melhor conversão alimentar que aquelas alimentadas com ração à base de sorgo, mas os níveis de inclusão da biomassa em ambas as rações basais não influenciaram estes parâmetros. Durante o período experimental não ocorreu mortalidade nem mudança no peso das galinhas. As galinhas alimentadas com ração à base de milho mostraram taxas superiores de produção de ovos, peso e massa de ovos que aquelas alimentadas com ração à base de sorgo. Estes parâmetros não foram influenciados pela inclusão de níveis de biomassa em ambos os tipos de ração. Níveis normais para enzimas séricas e ausência de lesões degenerativas e inflamatórias nos fígados e nos rins das galinhas permitem a indicação da biomassa para suplementação de rações. / Abstract: The effects of the dietary inclusion of Rvi. gelatinosus biomass in layers rations were investigated. Sorghum and corn were used for the formulation of basal rations that received increasing levels of biomass. The bacterial biomass increased red hues and decreased lightness of yolks when added to both basal rations. Biomass at 1,500ppm in the corn-based ration was enough to reach consumers' preference, while with the sorghum-based ration, 7,500ppm were necessary to reach the same. Hens fed corn-based rations had superior feed consumption and better feed conversion than those fed sorghum-based rations but the inclusion levels of the biomass on both basal rations did not influence these parameters. No mortality and no change on layers weight occurred during the experimental period. Hens fed corn-based rations showed superior egg production, egg weight and egg mass rates than those fed sorghum-based rations. These parameters were not influenced by the inclusion levels of the biomass on both kinds of rations. Normal levels for seric enzymes and the absence of degenerative and inflammatory lesions in livers and kidneys of hens allow the indication of the biomass for ration supplementation. / Mestre

Elevated yolk progesterone has been shown to impair prenatal, but facilitate postnatal auditory learning in bobwhite quail chicks. Elevated yolk testosterone has facilitated prenatal learning, but its effects on postnatal auditory learning in quail are unknown. Either testosterone or an oil vehicle was injected into bobwhite quail eggs prior to incubation. Control eggs were unmanipulated. Following hatching, chicks were exposed to a conspecific maternal call (A or B) for 240 min. At 48 hr, chicks were tested for their preference for the familiarized vs. novel call. All groups demonstrated a preference for the familiar call (p < .05), but minimal between group difference were found. Contrary to previous research, elevated yolk testosterone neither facilitated nor impaired postnatal auditory learning in bobwhite quail chicks. Further research will examine underlying mechanisms responsible for differential effects and explore if similar systems are involved in other species-typical processes such as social motivation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a utilização de diluentes comerciais à base de gema de ovo de galinha com os mesmos diluentes, nos quais se substituiu a gema de galinha pela de ovo de ema (Rhea americana). Foram utilizados Seis garanhões da raça Crioula, comprovadamente férteis e no período fora da estação de monta e utilizados seis ejaculados de cada garanhão. O sêmen foi avaliado macroscopicamente quanto ao volume, aspecto e coloração, a seguir avaliou-se a motilidade progressiva e total. Posteriormente o sêmen foi dividido em quatro alíquotas e diluído na proporção 1:1 com o diluente, Equimix (Nutricell Nutrientes Celulares) para centrifugação. Para adição do diluente de congelamento foram utilizados: diluente A (FR-5, Nutricell Nutrientes Celulares) e diluente B (Botu-crio, Biotech Botucatu S.A.) adicionados de 20 % de gema de ovo de ema, ou de 20 % de gema de ovo de galinha. As amostras foram envasadas, identificadas e submetidas a congelamento conforme o protocolo. As palhetas foram descongeladas, após um período mínimo de 7 dias e examinadas para os seguintes quesitos: motilidade total e progressiva, e integridade física e funcional da membrana plasmática do espermatozoide. Os diluentes comerciais com ou sem adição de gema de ovo de ema não apresentaram diferenças em relação à motilidade total e progressiva, porém observou-se diferença nos parâmetros quando comparados os diluentes comerciais. Houve diferença na funcionalidade da membrana apenas quando comparado diluente A e B com gema de ovo de ema. No quesito integridade de membrana não foi observado diferença estatística. Estes resultados demonstram que a gema de ovo de ema (Rhea americana) pode ser uma alternativa para produção de diluentes para congelamento de sêmen de equinos. / The aim of this study was to compare the use of two commercial extenders using chicken egg yolk with the same extenders, to which ema (Rhea americana) egg yolk was added. Six Criollo breed stallions were used during the off-breeding season period. Six collections per stallion were used. The ejaculate aspect, total and progressive motility were evaluated with a microscope; concentration was determined with a Neubauer counting chamber. After evaluation, semen samples were divided in two aliquots and diluted 1:1 in each of the centrifugation extender Equimix (Nutricell Nutrientes Celulares). For freeze that semen we used two commercial extenders: A (extender with glycerol) or B (extender with methylformamide) and was added 20% rhea egg yolk or 20% chicken egg yolk . Semen samples were examined at least 1 week after freezing, for total and progressive motility, physical and functional membrane integrity (HOST test and CFDA-PI fluorescence) (Lagares et al. 1998; Harrison & Vickers, 1990). The extenders of a given brand with or without rhea egg yolk had no significant difference according to total and progressive motility, although there was difference (p = 0,05) between extenders when different brands were compared, no matter if they were added Rhea egg yolk or not. Membrane functionality showed difference only when compared Extender A and B with Rhea egg yolk. Membrane integrity had no significant difference between all the treatments. These results show that Rhea egg yolk might be an alternative to making an equine semen extender.