Emotionell intelligens (EI) handlar om hur man identifierar emotioner, dvs. förmågan att uppskatta, reglera och uttrycka sina egna samt andras emotioner. EI handlar också om hur man använder informationen om andras eller egna emotioner för att förbättra sina handlingar och sitt tänkande. Trait EI består av fyra faktorer: välmående, självkontroll, emotionalitet samt sociabilitet och den totala sammanräkningen av dessa kallas för global trait EI. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om medelålders män och kvinnor skiljer sig åt i EI. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna användes TEIQue-SF, vilket är ett självskattningsformulär med 30 påståenden. Det distribuerades via sociala medier. Deltagarna i studien var 169 personer varav 50 män och 119 kvinnor. Studiens främsta resultat var att män fick ett signifikant högre värde för självkontroll. Slutsatserna för studien är att resultaten tyder på att män och kvinnors EI inte skiljer sig åt förutom gällande självkontroll. / Emotional intelligence (EI) regards how a person identifies emotions, one's ability to estimate, regulate, and express one's own and others’ emotions. EI also regards how to use information about others’ or one's own emotions to enhance one's actions and thinking. Trait EI consists of four factors: well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability. The total score of these comprises global trait EI. The purpose of this study was to examine whether middle aged men and women differ regarding EI. To answer the purpose and the questions the TEIQue-SF was used. It's A self-assessment form with 30 statements. It was distributed via social media. The participants in the study were 169 people, 50 men and 119 women. The main result of the study was that men received a significantly higher value for self-control. The conclusions of the study are that the results imply men and women’s EI don’t differ except regarding self-control.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Der Zander (Sander lucioperca) hat großes Potential für die Aquakultur in Europa. Die Verbreitung wird durch einen Mangel an Satzmaterial erschwert, welcher durch Variabilität der Gametenqualität verursacht wird. Im Gegensatz zu Effekten der ganzjährigen Reproduktion oder der Laicherfahrung, war besonders die Weibchengröße mit Variabilität der Eiqualität assoziiert. Sehr große Weibchen zeigten einen verringerten Reproduktionserfolg. Maternale Faktoren waren mit Aspekten der Eizusammensetzung (bes. Fettsäuren) verknüpft, welche wiederum mit Befruchtungsraten und Embryoüberleben korrelierten. Zusätzlich waren Trockengewicht, Cortisolgehalt und Größe der Eier mit der Fekundität und dem Entwicklungspotential der Eier verknüpft. Ein erheblicher Anteil der Variabilität in der Eientwicklung (47.1% Befruchtung; 58.2% 24 h, 47% 48 h, 43.9% 72 h Embryoüberleben; 46.6% Schlupf; 88.9% geschlüpfte Larven) konnte durch eine Kombination von maternalen Merkmalen und Eiparametern erklärt werden. Obwohl ein hoher Befruchtungserfolg (durchschnittlich 89.2%) verzeichnet wurde, gibt es Möglichkeiten um Befruchtungsprotokolle hinsichtlich der Handhabung männlicher Gameten beim Zander zu optimieren. Die Spermien verschiedener Männchen werden häufig vor der Befruchtung zusammengeführt (Pooling) oder kurz Zeit (Stunden) gelagert bis ovulierte Eier zur Verfügung stehen. Ein Verlust der Spermienqualität (Motilität, Geschwindigkeit) während kurzer Lagerung konnte durch Puffer oder die Zugabe von Melatonin bzw. Progesteron nicht verhindert werden. Die Transfusion von Seminalflüssigkeit zwischen Spermien mit niedriger und hoher Qualität resultierte in einer Abnahme bei Männchen mit anfänglich hoher Spermiengeschwindigkeit. Die Qualität von Spermien mit niedriger Qualität wurde nicht gesteigert. Diese Erkenntnisse liefern Empfehlungen für das Management von Brutbetrieben und zeigen Potential zur Optimierung von Reproduktionsprotokollen bezüglich der in vitro Befruchtung beim Zander auf. / The pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has great potential for European aquaculture diversification, but the propagation is impeded by a shortage of stocking material caused by variability in gamete quality. Here, maternal size rather than out-of-season spawning or spawning experience was associated with variability in egg quality with very large females showing decreasing reproductive performance. Maternal factors were linked to the egg composition mainly in regard to fatty acid (FA) profiles, which in turn were correlated with rates of fertilization and embryo survival. In addition, egg size, dry weight and cortisol content were associated with fecundity and embryo survival until hatching. Consequently, a substantial variability in egg developmental performance could be explained (47.1% fertilization; 58.2% 24 h, 47% 48 h, 43.9% 72 h embryo survival; 46.6% hatching; 88.9% hatched larvae) by a combination of maternal traits and egg quality parameters. Despite the overall high fertilization observed here (89.2% on average), there is still potential for fine tuning of protocols for in vitro fertilization in pikeperch with regard to the management of male gametes. Sperm of different males is often pooled prior to fertilization or stored for short periods (hours) until ovulated eggs become available. A loss of sperm quality (motility, velocity) could not be prevented during short-term storage using sperm extenders and enhancement supplements (melatonin, progesterone). Transfusion of seminal fluid between low and high quality sperm to assess pooling effects resulted in a significant decrease in sperm with high initial velocity, whereas the velocity of low quality sperm could not be improved. These findings deliver valuable management advice for hatcheries and indicate potential for optimization in regard to in vitro reproduction protocols in pikeperch.

Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse au problème de l'optimisation globale d'une fonction coûteuse dans un cadre bayésien. Nous disons qu'une fonction est coûteuse lorsque son évaluation nécessite l'utilisation de ressources importantes (simulations numériques très longues, notamment). Dans ce contexte, il est important d'utiliser des algorithmes d'optimisation utilisant un faible nombre d'évaluations de cette dernière. Nous considérons ici une approche bayésienne consistant à affecter à la fonction à optimiser un a priori sous la forme d'un processus aléatoire gaussien, ce qui permet ensuite de choisir les points d'évaluation de la fonction en maximisant un critère probabiliste indiquant, conditionnellement aux évaluations précédentes, les zones les plus intéressantes du domaine de recherche de l'optimum. Deux difficultés dans le cadre de cette approche peuvent être identifiées : le choix de la valeur des paramètres du processus gaussien et la maximisation efficace du critère. La première difficulté est généralement résolue en substituant aux paramètres l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance, ce qui est une méthode peu robuste à laquelle nous préférons une approche dite complètement bayésienne. La contribution de cette thèse est de présenter un nouvel algorithme d'optimisation bayésien, maximisant à chaque étape le critère dit de l'espérance de l'amélioration, et apportant une réponse conjointe aux deux difficultés énoncées à l'aide d'une approche Sequential Monte Carlo. Des résultats numériques, obtenus à partir de cas tests et d'applications industrielles, montrent que les performances de notre algorithme sont bonnes par rapport à celles d'algorithmes concurrents.

Emotions have been noted for their crucial role in survival behaviour relating to resistance to cross-cultural ambiguity. Today's globalised multinational corporations (MNCs) have recognised the importance of developing their diverse workforces' intercultural sensitivity (ICS) – a worldview towards cultural difference – as a means of reducing resistance to cross-cultural ambiguity hence maintaining a professional multicultural work environment. However, no studies have yet been made investigating the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in enhancing intercultural sensitivity and simultaneously regulating emotions produced from resistance to cultural difference. Therefore, this study has explored the role of EI in enhancing ICS aiming at increasing the effectiveness of intercultural training within the context of multinational organisations. A theoretical framework was constructed presenting the idea of EI entry-points into intercultural sensitivity and resistance to difference. Through an inductive research approach, a chosen multinational airline company's flight attendants were targeted with in-depth semi-structured interviews. Grounded theory analysis was applied. The analysis resulted in the development of a grounded emotional-cognitive intercultural adaptation process together with three adaptive cognitive states. These were named: Learn, Understand, and Know. Each cognitive state was noted to be associated with a particular emotional state that causes the interacting individual to shift into the relevant cognitive state. The emotions surprise and curiosity were found to be associated with Learn while empathy was found to be associated with Understand, and finally acceptance was found to be associated with Know. The research results strongly support the proposed EI entry-points within the grounded emotional-cognitive content of the produced intercultural adaptation process. The results address the research aim regarding the role of EI in enhancing ICS. Through the EI entry-points, ICS is indirectly enhanced through the development of intercultural performance as EI mental abilities are proposed which would regulate one's behaviour towards the three grounded emotional-cognitive intercultural adaptation states. The developed model is suggested to contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of intercultural training. The trainee's intercultural performance could be enhanced through directing the emotional-cognitive dynamics, during intercultural interaction, towards the empirically grounded set of emotional-cognitive states. As linking EI and ICS remains an important and under-explored topic, it is hoped that the findings of this study will present a better understanding of the dynamics of emotions within the context of multinational organisations, as well as the role of EI in enhancing ICS, subsequently leading to further research.

Business leaders are increasingly coming to recognise that there is more to business success than technical and cognitive competence. Personnel leadership is proving to be critical for business bottom-line achievements considering that most business outcomes are achieved through human capital. Emotional intelligence can be used to the advantage of organisations by developing an emotional intelligence audit. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) developed by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden and Dornheim (1998) for Economic Science students from a higher education institution in the North-West Province, South Africa. The psychometric soundness of the SEIS was tested. The general objective of the research is to standardise a psychometric instrument of emotional intelligence and determine the validity of The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (SEIS) (Schutte, et al., 1998). Specific objectives include the conceptualisation of the importance of a standardised psychometric instrument of emotional intelligence in South Africa; the conceptualisation of the nature and evolvement of emotional intelligence measurements in general; determining the validity and internal consistency of the SEIS; and establishing whether any possible group differences in terms of biographical data exist in emotional intelligence. A valid and reliable measure of emotional intelligence could be valuable in the organisation to identify specific EI needs that could be developed through the implementation of EI development programmes. In this context a standardised psychometric instrument of EI could be of use in organisations during the training and development of employees. A cross-sectional method with an availability sample (N = 341) from Economical Science students from a higher education institution was used. The results supported a six-factor model of emotional intelligence, consisting of Positive Affect, Emotion-Others, Happy Emotions, Emotions-Own, Non-verbal Emotions and Emotional Management. The multi-analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine differences in terms of biographical data. The results indicated significant differences between gender and language groups. African language groups compared with Afrikaans and English language groups experienced higher levels of positive affect. Females compared with males experienced higher levels of understanding of the emotions of other people. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The research on Emotional Intelligence (EI) has advanced considerably over the past 20 years because of the construct’s scientific and practical relevance. However, in South Africa, a measurement instrument of EI that is valid, reliable, standardised, has a consistent factor structure, in a homogeneous working sample and that can be utilised for research and practical purposes is still elusive. EI plays a fundamental role in the quality of service rendered by nurses (Murphy & Janeke, 2009). According to Ogillska-Bulik (2005) the ability to manage one’s own emotions, while having the ability to identify others' emotions, is very important in the nursing environment. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) has been found as a reliable brief scale for measuring trait EI (Schutte & Malouff, 1998). However, there are different results regarding the factor structure of the S. The first objective of this research study was to conceptualise EI and the factor structure of the SEIS through a literature review. Salovey and Mayer (1990) define EI as a mental ability pertaining to the relationship between emotion and cognition. Other researchers’ definition of EI states that EI is the ability to be conscious of one’s emotions, to evaluate and develop one’s emotions to assist thinking, to comprehend emotions and emotional information, and to manage emotions to sustain emotional and intellectual development in oneself (Bar-On, 2000; Goleman, 1998; Salovey & Mayer 1997). Murphy and Janeke (2009) state it is important that reliable and valid measures of EI must be used in the workplace. Numerous research has been done on the most appropriate, valid and reliable approach for the measurement of EI (Petrides & Furnham, 2000; Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2005). The SEIS is the leading brief scale for measuring EI (Petrides & Furnham, 2000). However, there are problems with its factor structures. To summarise: a) Schutte et al. (1998) report a unifactorial structure for the SEIS, b) Austin, Saklofske, Huang, and McKenny (2004) report a three-factor structure. c) Petrides and Furnham (2000); Ciarrochi, Chan, and Bajar (2001); Ciarrochi, Chan, Caputi, and Roberts (2001) and Saklofske, Austin, and Minski (2003) report a four-factor structure. d) Jonker and Vosloo (2009) reported a six-factor structure. The second objective of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the 41-item version of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale within a South African nursing environment by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. A quantitative research design was used in this study. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. An availability non-probability sample (N = 290) was taken from hospitals in the Gauteng and North-West Provinces of South Africa. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale was applied as measuring scale. An exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis) was performed on the data. The data did not fit a unifactor, two-factor or three-factor model based on the model of Austin, Saklofske, Huang, and McKenney (2004). The data fitted the original model of Emotional Intelligence of Mayer and Salovey (1990), best explaining 58.52% of the variance. The results supported a five-factor structure of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. The five factors were named: Emotion Utilisation; Emotion Management; Emotion Awareness; Emotion Perceiving and Emotion Integration. Recommendations were made for future research. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The research on Emotional Intelligence (EI) has advanced considerably over the past 20 years because of the construct’s scientific and practical relevance. However, in South Africa, a measurement instrument of EI that is valid, reliable, standardised, has a consistent factor structure, in a homogeneous working sample and that can be utilised for research and practical purposes is still elusive. EI plays a fundamental role in the quality of service rendered by nurses (Murphy & Janeke, 2009). According to Ogillska-Bulik (2005) the ability to manage one’s own emotions, while having the ability to identify others' emotions, is very important in the nursing environment. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) has been found as a reliable brief scale for measuring trait EI (Schutte & Malouff, 1998). However, there are different results regarding the factor structure of the S. The first objective of this research study was to conceptualise EI and the factor structure of the SEIS through a literature review. Salovey and Mayer (1990) define EI as a mental ability pertaining to the relationship between emotion and cognition. Other researchers’ definition of EI states that EI is the ability to be conscious of one’s emotions, to evaluate and develop one’s emotions to assist thinking, to comprehend emotions and emotional information, and to manage emotions to sustain emotional and intellectual development in oneself (Bar-On, 2000; Goleman, 1998; Salovey & Mayer 1997). Murphy and Janeke (2009) state it is important that reliable and valid measures of EI must be used in the workplace. Numerous research has been done on the most appropriate, valid and reliable approach for the measurement of EI (Petrides & Furnham, 2000; Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2005). The SEIS is the leading brief scale for measuring EI (Petrides & Furnham, 2000). However, there are problems with its factor structures. To summarise: a) Schutte et al. (1998) report a unifactorial structure for the SEIS, b) Austin, Saklofske, Huang, and McKenny (2004) report a three-factor structure. c) Petrides and Furnham (2000); Ciarrochi, Chan, and Bajar (2001); Ciarrochi, Chan, Caputi, and Roberts (2001) and Saklofske, Austin, and Minski (2003) report a four-factor structure. d) Jonker and Vosloo (2009) reported a six-factor structure. The second objective of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the 41-item version of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale within a South African nursing environment by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. A quantitative research design was used in this study. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. An availability non-probability sample (N = 290) was taken from hospitals in the Gauteng and North-West Provinces of South Africa. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale was applied as measuring scale. An exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis) was performed on the data. The data did not fit a unifactor, two-factor or three-factor model based on the model of Austin, Saklofske, Huang, and McKenney (2004). The data fitted the original model of Emotional Intelligence of Mayer and Salovey (1990), best explaining 58.52% of the variance. The results supported a five-factor structure of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. The five factors were named: Emotion Utilisation; Emotion Management; Emotion Awareness; Emotion Perceiving and Emotion Integration. Recommendations were made for future research. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Business leaders are increasingly coming to recognise that there is more to business success than technical and cognitive competence. Personnel leadership is proving to be critical for business bottom-line achievements considering that most business outcomes are achieved through human capital. Emotional intelligence can be used to the advantage of organisations by developing an emotional intelligence audit. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) developed by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden and Dornheim (1998) for Economic Science students from a higher education institution in the North-West Province, South Africa. The psychometric soundness of the SEIS was tested. The general objective of the research is to standardise a psychometric instrument of emotional intelligence and determine the validity of The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (SEIS) (Schutte, et al., 1998). Specific objectives include the conceptualisation of the importance of a standardised psychometric instrument of emotional intelligence in South Africa; the conceptualisation of the nature and evolvement of emotional intelligence measurements in general; determining the validity and internal consistency of the SEIS; and establishing whether any possible group differences in terms of biographical data exist in emotional intelligence. A valid and reliable measure of emotional intelligence could be valuable in the organisation to identify specific EI needs that could be developed through the implementation of EI development programmes. In this context a standardised psychometric instrument of EI could be of use in organisations during the training and development of employees. A cross-sectional method with an availability sample (N = 341) from Economical Science students from a higher education institution was used. The results supported a six-factor model of emotional intelligence, consisting of Positive Affect, Emotion-Others, Happy Emotions, Emotions-Own, Non-verbal Emotions and Emotional Management. The multi-analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine differences in terms of biographical data. The results indicated significant differences between gender and language groups. African language groups compared with Afrikaans and English language groups experienced higher levels of positive affect. Females compared with males experienced higher levels of understanding of the emotions of other people. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Abstract Thesis in Business Administration, School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, 2FE26E, 2017 Author: Hanna Daneshmir Supervisor: Frederic Bill Examiner: Anna Stafsudd
 Title: Emotional Intelligence in an Entrepreneurial context Background: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been said to matter twice as much as Intelligent Quotient (IQ) for predicting business success (Goleman, 1998b). This study addresses Emotional Intelligence in previously unexplored context in Sweden: entrepreneurship. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explain Emotional Intelligence and its possible relationship with the entrepreneur. Hypothesis: Being an entrepreneur is positively related to EQ Method: The study has a deductive research approach where the hypothesis is formed by the theoretical framework of Emotional Intelligence, providing an empirical framework that measures the concept in the entrepreneurial context and outlines linkages among the constructs. The study is conducted among members of the business organization Företagarna in Region Halland, Sweden, by the measurement instrument Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS). Conclusion: The assumptions derived from a theoretical perspective could be confirmed empirically. Being an entrepreneur is positively related to EQ. Keywords: CEO, EI, EIS, EQ, Emotional Intelligence, Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurship