Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / It is known that heavy use of pesticides, especially herbicides and insecticides, associated with the improper management of irrigation water can result in pesticide runoff out the crops to the waters streams, rivers or ponds, since the cultivation of rice is preferably done in areas that have large volumes of water available. Considering the importance of water for nature and human health, the low uncontaminated water resources available today and a large scale production of rice, this study aimed to develop and validate a method for the determination of pesticides in water from irrigated rice crop. Pesticides were extracted from samples of river water using the method of solid phase extraction (SPE). The simultaneous determination of selected pesticides in this study was made by a GC-(EI)-MS/MS. For each analyte, two MRM transitions were optimized, one for quantification and one for confirmation, as predicted by international guidelines and legislations. In the method validation the results were satisfactory for validation requirements, and the analytical curves of r² values are greater than 0.99. The value of the method LOQ for all compounds was established at 0.2 μg L-1. Recoveries for real water samples showed values between 70 and 120% with RSD values lower than 20% for most compounds studied. The results indicate that the proposed method for the analysis of 32 pesticides, including a step of SPE extraction and quantification by GC- (EI)-MS/MS is efficient and selective, allowing the quantification of low levels of concentration appropriate for monitoring these compounds in water. In addition, the validation parameters meet the minimum requirements for the validation of chromatographic methods, which enables the application of the method. Keywords: pesticides; water; GC-(EI)-MS/MS / O uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, especialmente herbicidas e inseticidas, associados ao manejo inadequado da água de irrigação pode resultar no escoamento destes compostos para os rios e lagoas. Ressalta-se que, o cultivo de arroz é feito preferencialmente em áreas que possuem grandes volumes de água disponíveis. Considerando-se a importância da água para a natureza e para a saúde humana, bem como, a escassez dos recursos hídricos e a produção em larga escala de arroz indispensável como alimento para a população, este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e validar um método para a determinação de 62 agrotóxicos em água de lavoura de arroz irrigado. Num primeiro momento, os analitos foram extraídos das amostras utilizando o método de extração em fase sólida (SPE) e a determinação simultânea dos agrotóxicos selecionados foi realizada por um GC-(EI) - MS/MS. Em seguida, para cada composto, duas transições MRM foram monitoradas: uma para quantificação e outra para confirmação, como o previsto pelas diretrizes internacionais e legislações. Em continuidade, na validação do método, os resultados foram satisfatórios para os requisitos exigidos, sendo que os valores de r² para as curvas analíticas foram maiores que 0,99. O valor do LOQ do método para todos os compostos foi estabelecido em 0,2 μg L-1. As recuperações apresentaram valores entre 70 e 120% com RSD inferior a 20% para a maioria dos compostos estudados. Finalmente, os resultados indicam que o método proposto para a análise de 32 agrotóxicos - incluindo uma etapa de extração e quantificação por SPE-GC- (EI) -MS/MS - é eficiente e seletiva, permitindo a quantificação de baixos níveis de concentração. Esses índices tornam a técnica adequada para o monitoramento destes compostos em água de lavoura de arroz irrigado. Além disso, os parâmetros de validação atendem aos requisitos mínimos para a validação de métodos cromatográficos, resultado que permitiu a aplicação do método desenvolvido e validado.

This master thesis aims to describe the strategies, methods and forms of work which are effective to promote emotional intelligence in the primary classroom. The theoretical part defines terms related to the topic such as emotional intelligence and its key components. It also deals with the curricular education to emotional intelligence. The aim of the empirical part is based on qualitative method, in-depth interviews and it deals with the questions how teachers think about the concept of emotional intelligence, which methods do they use for developing it and with which problems are they faced with. The empirical part will also provide an insight into the foreign language material which focuses on development of emotional intelligence. Key words: Emotional intelligence, self-awareness, self-control, empathy, personal motivation, relationship skills.

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological well–being has been empirically and theoretically elaborated. This suggests that highly emotional intelligent individuals are likely to experience higher psychological well–being if compared to individuals with lower EI (Gallagher & Vella–Brodrick, 2008; Mikolajczak, Nelis, Hansenne, & Quoidbach, 2008; Mavroveli, Petrides, Rieffe, & Baker,2007; Schutte, Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Bhullar, & Rooke, 2007; Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009). On the other hand, the role of gender has been found to be influential as well as contradictory in both EI and psychological well–being. Gender has been shown to differentially influence both emotional intelligence and psychological well–being (Castro–Schilo & Kee, 2010; McIntryre, 2010; Schutte, Malouf, Simunek, McKenly & Holland, 2002;Thomsen, Mehlesen, Viidik, Sommerlund & Zachariae, 2005). Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of gender as moderator in the relationship between emotional intelligence and aspects of psychological well–being (positive affect, negative affect and satisfaction with life). EI was measured with the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al., 1998) while psychological well–being was measured with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffen (1985) and the Affectometer 2 (Kamman & Flett, 1983). A cross–sectional survey design based on the study by Williams, Wissing, Rothmann and Temane (2009) was implemented after informed consent had been obtained. A sample of 459 participants consisting of both males (n= 59.5%) and females (n=32.9%) with an average age between 25 to 44 years. A 2–step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine, in the first place, the influence of EI on psychological well–being, followed by the interaction between gender and EI. The findings indicate that gender moderated only the relationship between EI and negative affect. The influence of EI on the two dependent variables, namely positive affect and satisfaction with life, was not moderated by gender. The conclusion is thus made that gender’s role as a moderator between EI and psychological well–being is evaluated only between EI’s ability to reduce the perception and experience of negative components on one’s life. Limitations of the study include the use of a cross–sectional design that lacks continuous monitoring of variables across time. The use of self–report measures indicating only subjective self–report by the participants themselves without other triangulating or collateral information is another limitation. As well as the lack of control for other moderator variables such as age, urban–rural context, and educational attainment that may play a role, but have not been taken into account. Future research can investigate other possible predicting variables (e.g. interpersonal relationships, social skills, coping and social support) on gender as moderator. These predicting variables can possibly explain additional variance in psychological well–being. The outcomes of the moderating role of gender in the relationship between EI and psychological well–being can be investigated by means of alternative measures that would explore the different levels of functioning along the mental health continuum for males and females alike. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological well–being has been empirically and theoretically elaborated. This suggests that highly emotional intelligent individuals are likely to experience higher psychological well–being if compared to individuals with lower EI (Gallagher & Vella–Brodrick, 2008; Mikolajczak, Nelis, Hansenne, & Quoidbach, 2008; Mavroveli, Petrides, Rieffe, & Baker,2007; Schutte, Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Bhullar, & Rooke, 2007; Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009). On the other hand, the role of gender has been found to be influential as well as contradictory in both EI and psychological well–being. Gender has been shown to differentially influence both emotional intelligence and psychological well–being (Castro–Schilo & Kee, 2010; McIntryre, 2010; Schutte, Malouf, Simunek, McKenly & Holland, 2002;Thomsen, Mehlesen, Viidik, Sommerlund & Zachariae, 2005). Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of gender as moderator in the relationship between emotional intelligence and aspects of psychological well–being (positive affect, negative affect and satisfaction with life). EI was measured with the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al., 1998) while psychological well–being was measured with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffen (1985) and the Affectometer 2 (Kamman & Flett, 1983). A cross–sectional survey design based on the study by Williams, Wissing, Rothmann and Temane (2009) was implemented after informed consent had been obtained. A sample of 459 participants consisting of both males (n= 59.5%) and females (n=32.9%) with an average age between 25 to 44 years. A 2–step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine, in the first place, the influence of EI on psychological well–being, followed by the interaction between gender and EI. The findings indicate that gender moderated only the relationship between EI and negative affect. The influence of EI on the two dependent variables, namely positive affect and satisfaction with life, was not moderated by gender. The conclusion is thus made that gender’s role as a moderator between EI and psychological well–being is evaluated only between EI’s ability to reduce the perception and experience of negative components on one’s life. Limitations of the study include the use of a cross–sectional design that lacks continuous monitoring of variables across time. The use of self–report measures indicating only subjective self–report by the participants themselves without other triangulating or collateral information is another limitation. As well as the lack of control for other moderator variables such as age, urban–rural context, and educational attainment that may play a role, but have not been taken into account. Future research can investigate other possible predicting variables (e.g. interpersonal relationships, social skills, coping and social support) on gender as moderator. These predicting variables can possibly explain additional variance in psychological well–being. The outcomes of the moderating role of gender in the relationship between EI and psychological well–being can be investigated by means of alternative measures that would explore the different levels of functioning along the mental health continuum for males and females alike. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Emotionell intelligens har studerats under flertalet år, i olika länder, och har definierats på olika sätt. Egenskapen emotionell intelligens består av fyra dimensioner; emotionality, self-control, well-being och sociability, och mäts genom mätinstrumentet TEIQue-SF. TEIQue-SF har uppnått god validitet som mätverktyg på olika språk, och valideras för första gången på svenska genom denna studie. Tidigare forskning har uppvisat flertalet samband mellan egenskapen emotionell intelligens (EI), personlighet och arbetsprestation. Dessa tillsammans har dock inte undersökts i Sverige. Syftet med att genomföra denna studie var att undersöka sambanden mellan Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQ-SF), Mini-International Personality Inventory Pool-6 (Mini-IPIP6), Short Dark Triad (SD3) och Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) ytterligare, samt att ta reda på vilka personlighetsdrag och dimensioner inom självupplevd individuell arbetsprestation som bäst förklarar variansen inom TEIQue-SFs dimensioner. Studien genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie med 228 svenska deltagare (M = 34 år, SD = 12.6, range 16-71 år, 66% kvinnor) med genomsnittlig arbetslivserfarenhet på 14 år (SD = 11.5). Förväntat resultat var att neuroticism skulle korrelera negativt med TEIQue-SF fyra dimensioner, vilket uppnåddes även i denna studie. Positiva samband med Task performance och Contextual performance fanns mellan samtliga dimensioner av EI. Regressionsanalyser visade även att neuroticism hade negativt samband vid förklaring av varians i samtliga dimensioner tillhörande TEIQue-SF. En preliminär slutsats är att TEIQue-SF visat på teoretiskt och empiriskt rimliga samband med relevanta variabler, och kan anses vara validerat bland yngre personer med relativt hög utbildningsnivå. / Emotional intelligence has been defined differently throughout studies for many years in several countries. The trait emotional intelligence consists of four dimensions; emotionality, self-control, well-being and sociability, and is measured by the TEIQue-SF measuring instrument. TEIQue-SF has achieved good validity as a measurement tool in different languages and is now validated in Swedish through this study. Previous research has shown liaisons between the emotional intelligence (EI), personality and work performance. However, these together have not been investigated in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQ-SF), Mini-International Personality nventory Pool-6 (Mini-IPIP6), Short Dark Triad (SD3) and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), and to find out which personality traits and dimensions within self-perceived individual work performance best explain the variance within TEIQue-SF dimensions. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study with 228 Swedish participants (M = 34 years, SD = 12.6, range 16-71 years, 66% women) with an average work experience of 14 years (SD = 11.5). Expected result was that neuroticism would correlate negatively with TEIQue-SF four dimensions, which was also achieved in this study. Positive correlation with Task Performance and Contextual Performance was found between all dimensions of EI. Regression analysis also showed that neuroticism had a negative relation to explanation of variance in all imensions of TEIQue-SF. A preliminary conclusion is that TEIQue-SF has shown theoretical and empirically reasonable relation to relevant variables and can be considered validated among younger people with relatively high educational levels.

Introduction: Leadership has been a core issue of organizations for decades, if not for centuries. However, the previously so strong confidence in leadership rationality begins to weaken and instead, it is increasingly becoming a picture of the dualism that leadership often involves. The view has changed, leaders no longer apply a rational and economically computational mindset, but in fact they have to a large extent an irrational, socially oriented and emotional mindset. The emotional aspect of leadership is on the rise and, in that sense, Emotional Intelligence (EI) will become increasingly important, especially as the leader's EI capability is considered crucial to how the organization will work. Nevertheless, there is not enough research that discusses the popularized concept of EI in relation to leadership, in addition, the discussion is almost non-existent in Sweden. Purpose: The aim of the study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Emotional Intelligence (EI) importance in organizational context from a leadership perspective by contributing knowledge about Emotional Intelligence (EI) impact on leadership within an organization. Method: The study has been conducted with a qualitative research method with an abductive research effort. The empirical material consists of eleven interviews from business leaders in the Swedish business community. To analyze the material, theories that describe leadership, communication, motivation and leadership styles are used in connection with EI. Conclusion: The study concludes that business leaders' understanding and interpretation of the EI concept has an influence on the leadership they exercise. The study also comes up to the fact that business leaders' views on leadership affect their application of EI. / Inledning: Ledarskap har varit en kärnfråga av organisationer i årtionden, om inte i århundraden. Men den tidigare så starka tilltron till ledarskapets rationalitet börjar försvagas och fram träder istället allt mer en bild av den dualism som ledarskapet ofta innefattar. Synen på att ledare inte längre tillämpar ett rationellt och ekonomiskt kalkylerande tankesätt, utan att de i själva verket i stor utsträckning har ett irrationellt, socialt inriktat och känslopräglat tankesätt. Den känslomässiga aspekten i ledarskap är på uppgång och i den meningen kommer den Emotionella Intelligensen (EI) bli allt viktigare, speciellt då ledarens EI förmåga anses vara avgörande för hur organisationen kommer att fungera. Trots det finns det inte tillräcklig forskning som diskuterar det populäriserade begreppet EI i relation till ledarskap, dessutom är diskussionen näst intil obefintlig i Sverige. Syfte: Studien syftar till att bidra till en djupare förståelse for den Emotionella Intelligensens (EI) betydelse i organisationskontext från ett ledarskapsperspektiv genom att bidra med kunskap om Emotionella intelligensens (EI) inverkan på ledarskap inom en organisation. Metod: Studien har utförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv forskningsansats. Det empiriska materialet består av elva intervjuer från företagsledare inom det svenska näringslivet. För att analysera materialet används teorier som beskriver ledarskap, kommunikation, motivation och ledarskapstilar med koppling till EI. Slutsats: Studiens kommer fram till att företagsledares förståelse och tolkning av EI begreppet har en påverkan på ledarskapet de utövar. Studien kommer även fram till att företagsledarnas syn på ledarskap påverkar deras tillämpning av EI.

AFRIKAANS: Die primêre doel van my studie was om die onderhandeling van swart identiteit binne ‘n wit skoolkonteks te ondersoek, en die toepaslikheid van emosionele intelligensie in terapeutiese intervensie met ‘n swart adolessent binne ‘n wit skoolkonteks krities te evalueer. Die studie is uitgevoer deur middel van ‘n gevalstudie waar ‘n swart adolessent wat ‘n wit skool bywoon se emosionele intelligensie met behulp van die BarOn EQ-i:YVTM-vraelys gemeet is. Die bevindinge is by die terapiesessies geïntegreer en laasgenoemde is kwalitatief geïnterpreteer. Die studie is gemotiveer deur vorige navorsing wat bevind het dat emosionele intelligensie ‘n belangrike rol in ‘n individu se optimale funksionering speel. Emosionele intelligensie sluit die individu se vermoë in om sy/haar eie emosies te verstaan en uitdrukking daaraan te gee, om ander se emosies te verstaan, om beheer oor emosies uit te oefen, om probleemoplossingsvaardighede in verhoudings te toon en om selfmotiverend te wees. ENGLISH: The primary goal of my study was to investigate the negotiation of black identity within a white school context, and to critically evaluate the application of emotional intelligence as a means of therapeutic intervention to a black adolescent within a white school context. The study was conducted by means of a case study in which the emotional intelligence of a black adolescent attending a white school was measured by the administration of the BarOn EQ-i:YV™. The findings were integrated into the therapy sessions. The study was motivated by previous research results showing that emotional intelligence contributes significantly to the optimal functioning of an individual. Emotional intelligence includes an individual’s ability to understand and express one’s own emotions, to understand the emotions of others, to exercise control over one’s emotions, to apply problem-solving skills in relationships and to be self-motivated. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psycholgy))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Emotionell intelligens (EI) handlar om hur man identifierar emotioner, dvs. förmågan att uppskatta, reglera och uttrycka sina egna samt andras emotioner. EI handlar också om hur man använder informationen om andras eller egna emotioner för att förbättra sina handlingar och sitt tänkande. Trait EI består av fyra faktorer: välmående, självkontroll, emotionalitet samt sociabilitet och den totala sammanräkningen av dessa kallas för global trait EI. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om medelålders män och kvinnor skiljer sig åt i EI. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna användes TEIQue-SF, vilket är ett självskattningsformulär med 30 påståenden. Det distribuerades via sociala medier. Deltagarna i studien var 169 personer varav 50 män och 119 kvinnor. Studiens främsta resultat var att män fick ett signifikant högre värde för självkontroll. Slutsatserna för studien är att resultaten tyder på att män och kvinnors EI inte skiljer sig åt förutom gällande självkontroll. / Emotional intelligence (EI) regards how a person identifies emotions, one's ability to estimate, regulate, and express one's own and others’ emotions. EI also regards how to use information about others’ or one's own emotions to enhance one's actions and thinking. Trait EI consists of four factors: well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability. The total score of these comprises global trait EI. The purpose of this study was to examine whether middle aged men and women differ regarding EI. To answer the purpose and the questions the TEIQue-SF was used. It's A self-assessment form with 30 statements. It was distributed via social media. The participants in the study were 169 people, 50 men and 119 women. The main result of the study was that men received a significantly higher value for self-control. The conclusions of the study are that the results imply men and women’s EI don’t differ except regarding self-control.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Der Zander (Sander lucioperca) hat großes Potential für die Aquakultur in Europa. Die Verbreitung wird durch einen Mangel an Satzmaterial erschwert, welcher durch Variabilität der Gametenqualität verursacht wird. Im Gegensatz zu Effekten der ganzjährigen Reproduktion oder der Laicherfahrung, war besonders die Weibchengröße mit Variabilität der Eiqualität assoziiert. Sehr große Weibchen zeigten einen verringerten Reproduktionserfolg. Maternale Faktoren waren mit Aspekten der Eizusammensetzung (bes. Fettsäuren) verknüpft, welche wiederum mit Befruchtungsraten und Embryoüberleben korrelierten. Zusätzlich waren Trockengewicht, Cortisolgehalt und Größe der Eier mit der Fekundität und dem Entwicklungspotential der Eier verknüpft. Ein erheblicher Anteil der Variabilität in der Eientwicklung (47.1% Befruchtung; 58.2% 24 h, 47% 48 h, 43.9% 72 h Embryoüberleben; 46.6% Schlupf; 88.9% geschlüpfte Larven) konnte durch eine Kombination von maternalen Merkmalen und Eiparametern erklärt werden. Obwohl ein hoher Befruchtungserfolg (durchschnittlich 89.2%) verzeichnet wurde, gibt es Möglichkeiten um Befruchtungsprotokolle hinsichtlich der Handhabung männlicher Gameten beim Zander zu optimieren. Die Spermien verschiedener Männchen werden häufig vor der Befruchtung zusammengeführt (Pooling) oder kurz Zeit (Stunden) gelagert bis ovulierte Eier zur Verfügung stehen. Ein Verlust der Spermienqualität (Motilität, Geschwindigkeit) während kurzer Lagerung konnte durch Puffer oder die Zugabe von Melatonin bzw. Progesteron nicht verhindert werden. Die Transfusion von Seminalflüssigkeit zwischen Spermien mit niedriger und hoher Qualität resultierte in einer Abnahme bei Männchen mit anfänglich hoher Spermiengeschwindigkeit. Die Qualität von Spermien mit niedriger Qualität wurde nicht gesteigert. Diese Erkenntnisse liefern Empfehlungen für das Management von Brutbetrieben und zeigen Potential zur Optimierung von Reproduktionsprotokollen bezüglich der in vitro Befruchtung beim Zander auf. / The pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has great potential for European aquaculture diversification, but the propagation is impeded by a shortage of stocking material caused by variability in gamete quality. Here, maternal size rather than out-of-season spawning or spawning experience was associated with variability in egg quality with very large females showing decreasing reproductive performance. Maternal factors were linked to the egg composition mainly in regard to fatty acid (FA) profiles, which in turn were correlated with rates of fertilization and embryo survival. In addition, egg size, dry weight and cortisol content were associated with fecundity and embryo survival until hatching. Consequently, a substantial variability in egg developmental performance could be explained (47.1% fertilization; 58.2% 24 h, 47% 48 h, 43.9% 72 h embryo survival; 46.6% hatching; 88.9% hatched larvae) by a combination of maternal traits and egg quality parameters. Despite the overall high fertilization observed here (89.2% on average), there is still potential for fine tuning of protocols for in vitro fertilization in pikeperch with regard to the management of male gametes. Sperm of different males is often pooled prior to fertilization or stored for short periods (hours) until ovulated eggs become available. A loss of sperm quality (motility, velocity) could not be prevented during short-term storage using sperm extenders and enhancement supplements (melatonin, progesterone). Transfusion of seminal fluid between low and high quality sperm to assess pooling effects resulted in a significant decrease in sperm with high initial velocity, whereas the velocity of low quality sperm could not be improved. These findings deliver valuable management advice for hatcheries and indicate potential for optimization in regard to in vitro reproduction protocols in pikeperch.