Thesis on "The practical application of operations research methods in the preparation of contracts", deals with methods of using multi-criteria decision making in the choice of parts to assembly stations needed to process orders. Included is also the engagement plan. In the theoretical part we can find a description of the methods and basic concepts of project management. The practical part of business information on individual works. Then, the selection of two parts by the three selected methods. Finally, the cost and time analysis of the entire procurement process.

The purpose of my thesis is use of various methods of multicriterial evaluation of alternatives in a reality, and particularly the estimation of positions of Volkswagen brand at the market of new cars in Czech Republic and which positions do they take in comparison with other carmakers. The following purpose was to help customers who are going to get to itself the car. The aim was to order cars in each of 10 classes on the basis of results of each method. For my analysis I use methods WSA, TOPSIS and ELECTRE III. For calculations I used MS Excel and program SANNA.

A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical ainda existente no mundo e oferece diversos serviços ambientais. No Brasil, suas bacias hidrográficas são fontes do maior potencial de geração de energia elétrica ainda não utilizado por meio de usinas hidrelétricas. Nesse contexto, destaca-se, atualmente, a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) Belo Monte como uma obra de escolha emblemática no país, marcada por diversos conflitos e que apresenta impactos diversificados que repercutirão em modificações permanentes na biodiversidade da Amazônia. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar a aplicação de dois métodos MCDA - o ELECTRE III, não compensatório; e um método de abordagem em grupo baseado na Teoria de Jogos com uso do Equilíbrio de Nash nas alternativas de construção da UHE Belo Monte, visando demonstrar em que medida os métodos MCDA podem ser utilizados para a análise desse processo de tomada de decisão em grupo. Para isso, foram identificados os principais problemas envolvidos na construção da UHE Belo Monte e estruturadas duas matrizes de decisão com suas alternativas e critérios, que foram aplicadas aos dois métodos MCDA. Foi observado que a alternativa de área do reservatório de 516 km², que foi a de fato adotada na construção da UHE em questão, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na maioria das abordagens individuais dos jogadores para ambos os métodos. Já a alternativa de vazões muito próximas às naturais do rio, que não foi a adotada na construção da UHE Belo Monte, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na abordagem individual de todos os jogadores. As contribuições desta pesquisa referiram-se à realização da modelagem do problema complexo da UHE Belo Monte; à demonstração que os métodos MCDA podem consistir em uma etapa primordial na discussão de problemas complexos; a auxiliar gestores no processo decisório que, muitas vezes, têm como mecanismo de fomento de suas decisões documentos técnicos e específicos; e a possibilitar uma maior participação formal de vários tomadores de decisão. / Amazon is the largest existing rainforest in the world and offers several essential ecosystem services. In Brazil, Amazon watersheds are sources of the greatest potential of electric power supply that dam complexes have not used yet. In this context, the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex shall be highlighted as an iconic project in Brazil, although marked by several conflicts due to its generation of permanent diversified environmental impacts in Amazonian biodiversity. This way, the general objective of this research was to analyze the application of two MCDA methods to demonstrate to what extent those methods may be used to analyze the referred decision-making process. The methods used were ELECTRE III, a non-compensatory method; and a group approach Game Theory-based method that used Nash Equilibrium on the alternatives of the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex. Therefore, the main problems involved in the construction of the facility were identified. Also, two decision matrixes were created, with its alternatives and criteria, and applied to both MCDA methods. It was observed that the alternative concerning the 516 km2 reservoir area, which was the real one adopted in the construction of the referred facility, was considered the most appropriate alternative in group approach as well as in the opinion of most players in the individual approaches for both methods. The alternative concerning flows close to the river\'s natural ones, which was not adopted on the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex, was identified as the most appropriate alternative on group approach as well as in the opinion of all players in individual approach. The contributions provided by this study are: the provision of the modelling of Belo Monte Dam Complex problem; the demonstration that MCDA methods may consist in a primarily step in discussions concerning complex problems; the provision of help for managers on decision-making process who often underlie their fostering decision mechanisms in technical and specific documents; and the allowance of a greater formal participation of several decision makers in the decision-making processes.

The aim of my thesis is focused on choosing best fitness center according to concrete offer in Prague. Using methods of multi-criteria decisions I will calculate the order according to important information. Specifically, I work with three methods, Electre III, WSA and Topsis. Theoretical description of these methods and their applications using the Sanna is included. The work is extended by survey - ten women were interviewed to find out how they stand with exercises. This survey was very useful mainly because of getting new weights and thus new order for all three methods. The last chapter is devoted to the case of improving studio "Dokonalé tělo" and its position. I communicated with its owner Ing. Jan Stehlík, he was very nice and willing and interested in improving.

A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical ainda existente no mundo e oferece diversos serviços ambientais. No Brasil, suas bacias hidrográficas são fontes do maior potencial de geração de energia elétrica ainda não utilizado por meio de usinas hidrelétricas. Nesse contexto, destaca-se, atualmente, a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) Belo Monte como uma obra de escolha emblemática no país, marcada por diversos conflitos e que apresenta impactos diversificados que repercutirão em modificações permanentes na biodiversidade da Amazônia. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar a aplicação de dois métodos MCDA - o ELECTRE III, não compensatório; e um método de abordagem em grupo baseado na Teoria de Jogos com uso do Equilíbrio de Nash nas alternativas de construção da UHE Belo Monte, visando demonstrar em que medida os métodos MCDA podem ser utilizados para a análise desse processo de tomada de decisão em grupo. Para isso, foram identificados os principais problemas envolvidos na construção da UHE Belo Monte e estruturadas duas matrizes de decisão com suas alternativas e critérios, que foram aplicadas aos dois métodos MCDA. Foi observado que a alternativa de área do reservatório de 516 km², que foi a de fato adotada na construção da UHE em questão, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na maioria das abordagens individuais dos jogadores para ambos os métodos. Já a alternativa de vazões muito próximas às naturais do rio, que não foi a adotada na construção da UHE Belo Monte, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na abordagem individual de todos os jogadores. As contribuições desta pesquisa referiram-se à realização da modelagem do problema complexo da UHE Belo Monte; à demonstração que os métodos MCDA podem consistir em uma etapa primordial na discussão de problemas complexos; a auxiliar gestores no processo decisório que, muitas vezes, têm como mecanismo de fomento de suas decisões documentos técnicos e específicos; e a possibilitar uma maior participação formal de vários tomadores de decisão. / Amazon is the largest existing rainforest in the world and offers several essential ecosystem services. In Brazil, Amazon watersheds are sources of the greatest potential of electric power supply that dam complexes have not used yet. In this context, the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex shall be highlighted as an iconic project in Brazil, although marked by several conflicts due to its generation of permanent diversified environmental impacts in Amazonian biodiversity. This way, the general objective of this research was to analyze the application of two MCDA methods to demonstrate to what extent those methods may be used to analyze the referred decision-making process. The methods used were ELECTRE III, a non-compensatory method; and a group approach Game Theory-based method that used Nash Equilibrium on the alternatives of the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex. Therefore, the main problems involved in the construction of the facility were identified. Also, two decision matrixes were created, with its alternatives and criteria, and applied to both MCDA methods. It was observed that the alternative concerning the 516 km2 reservoir area, which was the real one adopted in the construction of the referred facility, was considered the most appropriate alternative in group approach as well as in the opinion of most players in the individual approaches for both methods. The alternative concerning flows close to the river\'s natural ones, which was not adopted on the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex, was identified as the most appropriate alternative on group approach as well as in the opinion of all players in individual approach. The contributions provided by this study are: the provision of the modelling of Belo Monte Dam Complex problem; the demonstration that MCDA methods may consist in a primarily step in discussions concerning complex problems; the provision of help for managers on decision-making process who often underlie their fostering decision mechanisms in technical and specific documents; and the allowance of a greater formal participation of several decision makers in the decision-making processes.

Flexible approaches for eliciting preferences of decision makers involved in a conflict are developed along with applications to real-world disputes. More specifically, two multiple criteria decision making approaches are proposed for capturing the relative preferences of a decision maker participating in a conflict situation. A case study in logistics concerned with the conflict arising over the expansion of port facilities on the west coast of North America as well as a transportation negotiation dispute are used to illustrate how these approaches can be integrated with the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, a practical conflict analysis methodology. Ascertaining the preferences of the decision makers taking part in a conflict constitutes a key element in the construction of a formal conflict model. In practice, the relative preferences, which reflect each decision maker’s objectives or goals in a given situation, are rather difficult to obtain. The first method for preference elicitation is to integrate an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) preference ranking method with the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution. The AHP approach is used to elicit relative preferences of decision makers, and this preference information is then fed into a graph model for further stability analyses. The case study of the Canadian west coast port congestion conflict is investigated using this integrated model. Another approach is based on a fuzzy multiple criteria out-ranking technique called ELECTRE III. It is also employed for ranking states or possible scenarios in a conflict from most to least preferred, with ties allowed, by the decision maker according to his or her own value system. The model is applied to a transportation negotiation dispute between the two key parties consisting of shippers and carriers.

Flexible approaches for eliciting preferences of decision makers involved in a conflict are developed along with applications to real-world disputes. More specifically, two multiple criteria decision making approaches are proposed for capturing the relative preferences of a decision maker participating in a conflict situation. A case study in logistics concerned with the conflict arising over the expansion of port facilities on the west coast of North America as well as a transportation negotiation dispute are used to illustrate how these approaches can be integrated with the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, a practical conflict analysis methodology. Ascertaining the preferences of the decision makers taking part in a conflict constitutes a key element in the construction of a formal conflict model. In practice, the relative preferences, which reflect each decision maker’s objectives or goals in a given situation, are rather difficult to obtain. The first method for preference elicitation is to integrate an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) preference ranking method with the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution. The AHP approach is used to elicit relative preferences of decision makers, and this preference information is then fed into a graph model for further stability analyses. The case study of the Canadian west coast port congestion conflict is investigated using this integrated model. Another approach is based on a fuzzy multiple criteria out-ranking technique called ELECTRE III. It is also employed for ranking states or possible scenarios in a conflict from most to least preferred, with ties allowed, by the decision maker according to his or her own value system. The model is applied to a transportation negotiation dispute between the two key parties consisting of shippers and carriers.

Objetivo. Examinar a pertinência de utilização de abordagem multicritério como ferramenta de planejamento em reúso de água. Metodologia. As etapas são: (1) levantamento bibliográfico; (2) caracterização do Distrito Federal (área de estudo); (3) definir as áreas passíveis de serem irrigadas com água de reúso por sobreposição de mapas temáticos; (4) trabalho com decisores; (5) utilização do Método ELECTRE III; (6) apresentar e discutir resultados; (7) avaliar o trabalho desenvolvido. Resultados: (1) Os esgotos sanitários tratados de todas as estações de tratamento de esgotos (ETEs) não apresentaram qualidade satisfatória para irrigação irrestrita. Sugere-se seu uso na irrigação das grandes culturas do Distrito Federal (DF): milho, soja, café e trigo; (2) identificaram-se seis alternativas relacionadas às ETEs para se realizar reúso no Distrito Federal: Brazlândia, Samambaia/Melchior, Gama, Sul, Planaltina e São Sebastião; (3) as seis alternativas têm capacidade para irrigar todos os canteiros ornamentais, como também 4.268 ha de áreas agrícolas - correspondentes a 38% das áreas irrigadas das grandes culturas do DF; (4) Após a aplicação do Método ELECTRE III, as alternativas mais vantajosas relacionaram-se às ETEs Sul e Samambaia/Melchior. Conclusões: (1) a implementação do reúso de água no DF deve ser considerada no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos; (2) a abordagem multicritério mostrou-se ferramenta apropriada ao planejamento em reúso de água; (3) o Método ELECTRE III adequou-se ao problema e foi sensível às preferências dos decisores. / Objective. To examine the relevance of adopting the multi-criterion approach as a planning tool when water is reused. Methods. It consisted of the following stages: (1) a bibliographical survey; (2) description of the Federal District (area under study); (3) determining the areas liable to irrigation with reused water by overlaying thematic maps: (4) working with decision makers; (5) applying the ELECTRE III Method; (6) presenting and discussing results; (7) assessing the work undertaken. Results: (1)The quality of the sewage treated in all the wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) was found to be unsuitable for unrestricted irrigation. It was suggested that it be reused in irrigating the Federal District´s major crops: maize, soy bean, coffee and wheat; (2) six alternatives, with regard to wastewater treatment plants, were identified for undertaking water reuse in the Federal District: Brazlândia, Samambaia/Melchior, Gama, Sul, Planaltina and São Sebastião; (3) the six alternatives are capable of irrigating all public flower beds, as well as 4,268 hectares of farmland - representing 38% of the Federal District´s irrigated lands under major crop cultivation; (4) after applying the ELECTRE III Method, the most advantageous alternatives were those related to Sul and Samambaia/Melchior wastewater treatment plants. Conclusions: (1) water reuse should be considered in water resources management in the Federal District; (2) the multi-criterion approach proved to be a suitable tool when planning water reuse; (3) the ELECTRE III Method was a suitable solution to the problem and met the requirements of the decision makers.

Objetivo. Examinar a pertinência de utilização de abordagem multicritério como ferramenta de planejamento em reúso de água. Metodologia. As etapas são: (1) levantamento bibliográfico; (2) caracterização do Distrito Federal (área de estudo); (3) definir as áreas passíveis de serem irrigadas com água de reúso por sobreposição de mapas temáticos; (4) trabalho com decisores; (5) utilização do Método ELECTRE III; (6) apresentar e discutir resultados; (7) avaliar o trabalho desenvolvido. Resultados: (1) Os esgotos sanitários tratados de todas as estações de tratamento de esgotos (ETEs) não apresentaram qualidade satisfatória para irrigação irrestrita. Sugere-se seu uso na irrigação das grandes culturas do Distrito Federal (DF): milho, soja, café e trigo; (2) identificaram-se seis alternativas relacionadas às ETEs para se realizar reúso no Distrito Federal: Brazlândia, Samambaia/Melchior, Gama, Sul, Planaltina e São Sebastião; (3) as seis alternativas têm capacidade para irrigar todos os canteiros ornamentais, como também 4.268 ha de áreas agrícolas - correspondentes a 38% das áreas irrigadas das grandes culturas do DF; (4) Após a aplicação do Método ELECTRE III, as alternativas mais vantajosas relacionaram-se às ETEs Sul e Samambaia/Melchior. Conclusões: (1) a implementação do reúso de água no DF deve ser considerada no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos; (2) a abordagem multicritério mostrou-se ferramenta apropriada ao planejamento em reúso de água; (3) o Método ELECTRE III adequou-se ao problema e foi sensível às preferências dos decisores. / Objective. To examine the relevance of adopting the multi-criterion approach as a planning tool when water is reused. Methods. It consisted of the following stages: (1) a bibliographical survey; (2) description of the Federal District (area under study); (3) determining the areas liable to irrigation with reused water by overlaying thematic maps: (4) working with decision makers; (5) applying the ELECTRE III Method; (6) presenting and discussing results; (7) assessing the work undertaken. Results: (1)The quality of the sewage treated in all the wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) was found to be unsuitable for unrestricted irrigation. It was suggested that it be reused in irrigating the Federal District´s major crops: maize, soy bean, coffee and wheat; (2) six alternatives, with regard to wastewater treatment plants, were identified for undertaking water reuse in the Federal District: Brazlândia, Samambaia/Melchior, Gama, Sul, Planaltina and São Sebastião; (3) the six alternatives are capable of irrigating all public flower beds, as well as 4,268 hectares of farmland - representing 38% of the Federal District´s irrigated lands under major crop cultivation; (4) after applying the ELECTRE III Method, the most advantageous alternatives were those related to Sul and Samambaia/Melchior wastewater treatment plants. Conclusions: (1) water reuse should be considered in water resources management in the Federal District; (2) the multi-criterion approach proved to be a suitable tool when planning water reuse; (3) the ELECTRE III Method was a suitable solution to the problem and met the requirements of the decision makers.

La recherche développée dans cette thèse propose une méthodologie pour faciliter la recherche d'un site favorable à I'installation d'un parc d'énergie marine, ainsi qu'un ensemble de solutions techniques appropriées au site lui-même et aux contraintes économiques. Dans le but de simplifier les processus de décisions, une approche multicritère est proposée. La méthode développée intègre un système d'information géographique, une méthode d'analyse multicritère et un algorithme d'optimisation. Cette stratégie est appliquée dans le cadre d'un projet d'implantation d'un parc d'hydroliennes. Trois critères sont utilisés : I'acceptation sociale, l'énergie produite et le coût global du projet.Le premier critère à modéliser est I'acceptation sociale qui permet de discrétiser spatialement la zone d'étude. Cette modélisation vise une segmentation de I'espace maritime suivant son potentiel à réduire les conflits. L'agrégation des différentes contraintes spatiales est obtenue en utilisant la méthode Electre III. Des modèles de coût et de production énergétique ont été ensuite intégrés en prenant en compte la possibilité de combiner plusieurs technologies. Les sites d'installations proposés sont définis par I'intersection de la carte d'acceptabilité avec les cartes relatives aux contraintes géographiques intervenant dans I'estimation du coût de l'énergie produite. La technologie utilisée, les principaux paramètres de dimensionnement des machines et les caractéristiques géographiques des sites d'installation permettent l'évaluation des deux derniers critères. Pour chaque site d'implantation, les machines offrant le meilleur compromis coût/ énergie produite sont identifiées grâce à un algorithme génétique. La méthode d'analyse multicritères Electre III est également appliquée dans le processus de décision final incluant les trois critères. Un classement des différentes régions de I'espace maritime, auxquelles une machine optimisée est associée, est obtenu. Ce classement est adapté à la vision du problème des décideurs grâce aux possibilités de paramétrage des différents critères dans Electre. / The research developed in this thesis introduces a methodological approach whose objective is to facilitate the search of a favorable site for the installation of a marine energy converter park in the maritime domain. In order to efficiently install a marine energy farm in a suitable region, two main objectives are considered. The first one is to identify the best location for a given technology, and the second one aims is to find the optimal farm configuration and the most adequate technologies for a given region.The introduced methodology is based on a combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and an optimization algorithm. Three main criteria are considered in the approach: the global cost of the project, quantity of energy produced and social acceptance. The social acceptance criterion is evaluated by the MCA. The MCA retained is Electre III. The research develops a combination of Electre and GIS analysis that takes into account the conflicting nature of the different spatial constraints. The geographical dimension is taken into account thanks to a grid-oriented structural representation in which each elementary region is ranked according to the potentialities and the conflicts that may arise. The approach is complemented by the application of a genetic algorithm whose objective is to select the technical options for each spatial subdivision in order to optimize the criteria of cost and produced energy by the converters. The last step of the methodology applies Electre again to provide a decision-aid support. The whole approach generates a potential classification of the different sub-regions of the maritime space considered, according to the different technologies considered, and this by summarizing the three main criteria. Overall the method provides a decision-aid system based on the flexibility offered by the Electre parameters that can be used by both engineers and decisionmakers when studying the potentiality offered by the development of marine energy converters.