Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται το σχεδιασμό και την κατασκευή διάταξης για τον έλεγχο κινητήρα ενός ηλεκτροκίνητου οχήματος με στόχο την εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Κύριος σκοπός της διπλωματικής αυτής εργασίας είναι η κατασκευή ηλεκτρονικών μετατροπέων ισχύος που θα μας επιτρέψουν τον έλεγχο της τάσης διέγερσης και της τάσης τυμπάνου σε μια μηχανή Συνεχούς Ρεύματος ξένης διέγερσης. Απώτερος στόχος είναι η πειραματική επιβεβαίωση της θεωρίας που αναπτύχθηκε στη διδακτορική διατριβή του Ε. Ρίκου, «Μέθοδοι Εξοικονόμησης Ενέργειας σε Ηλεκτροκίνητα Οχήματα», Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών, Τμήμα Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών, Πάτρα 2005. Αρχικά εξετάζονται οι σχέσεις που περιγράφουν τις απώλειες ισχύος που παράγονται κατά τη λειτουργία του ηλεκτροκίνητου οχήματος, καθώς και το πώς μεταβάλλονται αυτές συναρτήσει δύο μεγεθών: του λόγου μετάδοσης του κιβωτίου ταχυτήτων λ και της μαγνητικής ροής στον κινητήρα CΦ. Όπως αναφέρθηκε, ο κινητήρας με τον οποίο γίνεται η μελέτη είναι κινητήρας συνεχούς ρεύματος, τα αποτελέσματα όμως μπορούν να επεκταθούν και για άλλα είδη κινητήρα, όπως σε τριφασικό ασύγχρονο τροφοδοτούμενο από αντιστροφέα τάσης ελεγχόμενο μέσω της μεθόδου του διανυσματικού ελέγχου. Στη συνέχεια προσδιορίζεται νόμος ελέγχου της μαγνητικής ροής και του λόγου μετάδοσης στο κιβώτιο έτσι ώστε να πετυχαίνουμε τη μέγιστη δυνατή εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας. Οι βέλτιστες τιμές της μαγνητικής ροής και του λόγου μετάδοσης στο κιβώτιο είναι συναρτήσεις της ταχύτητας του οχήματος και της δύναμης που αυτό δέχεται. Το επόμενο βήμα είναι η επιβεβαίωση της θεωρητικής μελέτης μέσω προσομοίωσης, η οποία γίνεται σε περιβάλλον Matlab/Simulink. Τέλος, μελετάται και κατασκευάζεται στο εργαστήριο η πειραματική διάταξη, με τη χρήση της οποίας διεξάγονται μετρήσεις για την επιβεβαίωση και αξιολόγηση της θεωρητικής μελέτης. / This degree thesis the design discourse the analysis and manufacture of a device for controlling an electric vehicle motor in order to save energy. The work was conducted in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras. The main purpose of this work is the construction of power electronic converters that will allow us to control the excitation voltage and the armature voltage of a separate excitation Direct Current Machine. The ultimate goal is the experimental confirmation of the theory developed in the doctoral thesis of E. Ricos, “Methods of Energy Saving in Electric Vehicles”, University of Patras, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Patras 2005. Initially, we consider the relations describing the power losses generated during the operation of an electric vehicle, and how they vary according to two sizes: the gear ratio λ, and the magnetic flux CΦ of the motor. As mentioned, the engine of making this study is a DC motor, but the results can be extended to other types of motors such as asynchronous three-phase voltage supplied from inverter controlled by the method of vector control. Then, we determine control laws for the magnetic flux and the transmission ratio in the gearbox so that we achieve maximum energy savings. The best values of magnetic flux and the transmission ratio in the box are expected to be functions of the vehicle speed and the force under which the vehicle is subjected. The next step is to confirm the theory by computer simulation, which takes place in an environment of Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally, the design and manufacturing of the laboratory experimental set-up is being studied, in order to carry out the measurements required to confirm and evaluate the theory.

Orientador: Victor Orlando Gamarra Rosado / Banca: Fernando de Azevedo Silva / Banca: João Zangrandi Filho / Banca: Maurício Guimarães da Silva / Banca: Rosinei Batista Ribeiro / Resumo: O presente trabalho de pesquisa consiste na concepção de um veículo motorizado elétrico modular de acoplamento universal em qualquer modelo de cadeira de rodas mecanomanual. Trata-se de um equipamento eletro-mecânico, disponibilizado em forma de acessório, com estrutura física simplificada e alta tecnologia eletrônica aplicada capaz de proporcionar ao cadeirante maior liberdade de movimentação sem desgastes físicos. A aliança entre o design inclusivo e a área médica pode se relevar um passo importante na obtenção de produtos direcionados para as necessidades reais de pessoas com condições físicas e psíquicas particulares, melhorando o seu bem-estar e capacidade de execução de atividades no dia a dia. Desta forma, o presente trabalho é direcionado pelos fundamentos do design inclusivo com o principal ponto focal no usuário, mas que apresenta outros dois importantes pilares adotados em sua metodologia de desenvolvimento, sendo eles, o benchmarkig e o estudo de Normas Técnicas aplicadas no desenvolvimento de equipamentos assistivos. São apresentadas as etapas de desenvolvimento, ensaios com base em Normas Técnicas e teste de usabilidade. Busca-se evidenciar todo o processo de design de equipamento, assim como o estudo teórico de estabilidade e montagem do protótipo funcional. Os ensaios baseados na Norma Técnica ABNT NBR ISO 7176 permitem o entendimento do comportamento dinâmico e funcional do protótipo em termos de estabilidade estática, eficácia dos freios, consumo de energia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The thesis consists in the conception of a modular electric motor vehicle that can be attached in any model of standard wheelchair. It is an electro-mechanical equipment, available as an accessory, with a simplified physical structure and high applied electronic technology capable of giving the wheelchair greater freedom of movement without physical wear and tear. The union between inclusive design and the medical field can be an important step in obtaining products aimed at the real needs of people with particular physical and psychological conditions, improving their well-being and ability to do their daily activities. In this way, the thesis is guided by the fundamentals of inclusive design with the main focal point in the user, by the way presents two other important pillars adopted in its development methodology, being the benchmarkig and the study of Technical Standards applied in the development of Assistive devices. The stages of development are presented, tests based on Technical Standards and usability testing. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the whole process of equipment design, as well as the theoretical study of stability and assembly of the functional prototype. The tests based on the Technical Standard ABNT NBR ISO 7176 allow the understanding of the dynamic and functional behavior of the prototype in terms of static stability, brake efficiency, power consumption, maximum speed, acceleration, deceleration and obstacle transposition capacity. Finally, we... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A busca de soluções para a mobilidade urbana que minimizem a agressão do setor de tráfego e transportes ao meio ambiente está cada vez maior. Os veículos elétricos se posicionam como uma alternativa interessante, pois reduzem a emissão de gases poluentes na atmosfera, a poluição sonora e o consumo de petróleo. No entanto, sua limitada autonomia e a escassez de postos de recarga intimidam sua adoção. Por conta disso, políticas governamentais de incentivo têm sido desenvolvidas para a oferta de benefícios a quem optar por um veículo elétrico. Estima-se que dentro de poucas décadas toda a frota urbana será substituída por veículos dessa natureza. Por isso, é importante entender as mudanças no tempo de viagem e no consumo de energia oriundos da inclusão de veículos elétricos em cenários de tráfego. Trabalhos anteriores estudaram as diferenças entre os mecanismos internos de veículos convencionais e elétricos na determinação destas mudanças. Porém, dadas as características destes últimos, motoristas de veículos elétricos se preocupam com a economia de energia e podem optar por rotas diferentes. Logo, uma análise completa destes impactos deve considerar uma nova distribuição de tráfego. Este trabalho propõe um método biobjetivo de alocação de tráfego que considera o tempo de viagem e o consumo de energia para determinar a distribuição de veículos elétricos em cenários de tráfego urbano. Duas estratégias de distribuição de fluxo são propostas como mecanismos de escolha de rotas. Como parte da alocação de tráfego, é proposto um algoritmo biobjetivo de caminhos mínimos para veículos elétricos. A abordagem apresentada foi aplicada a três cenários distintos, onde percebeu-se uma diminuição de até 80% no consumo total de energia. Em cenários com congestionamento, observou-se um aumento de 10% no tempo de viagem. Já em cenários sem congestionamento o tempo de viagem diminuiu cerca de 2%. A recuperação de energia representa quase 6% da economia total dos veículos elétricos. Além disso, experimentos mostraram que investimentos na eficiência dos veículos elétricos podem resultar em uma economia de até 15% de energia. / The search for urban mobility solutions that minimize the aggression to the environment is increasing. Electric vehicles are an attractive alternative because they reduce greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and oil consumption. However, their limited autonomy and the lack of charging stations restrict their popularization. Therefore, government incentive policies have been developed in order to offer benefits to those who choose an electric vehicle. It is estimated that the entire urban fleet will be replaced by these vehicles in a few decades. Therefore, it is important to understand the changes in travel time and energy consumption from the inclusion of electric vehicles in traffic scenarios. Previous works determined these changes by studying the differences between the internal engine of conventional and electric vehicles. However, given the characteristics of the latter, drivers of electric vehicles care about saving energy and may want to choose different routes. Thus, a complete analysis of these impacts should consider a redistribution of traffic. This work proposes a bi-objective traffic assignment method that considers the travel time and the energy consumption to determine the distribution of electric vehicles in urban traffic scenarios. We introduce two strategies for flow distribution as models of route choice. As a procedure of the traffic assignment method, we propose a bi-objective shortest path algorithm for electric vehicles. Our approach was applied to three different scenarios, which resulted in a decrease of up to 80% in total energy consumption. In congested scenarios, we observe an increase of about 10% in average travel time. In uncongested scenarios, travel time decreases about 2%. Energy recovery is almost 6% of the total savings of electric vehicles. Moreover, experiments have shown that investments in the efficiency of electric vehicles can result in up to 15% of energy savings.

Chapter 1. This chapter aims to find the effects of financial point of sales incentives on the sales of electric vehicles across the Canadian provinces from September 2012 to December 2016. The findings of my study indicate that purchase incentives cause the sales of new electric vehicles to increase by 8 percent on average due to a $1000 increase in incentives. I find that 47% of electric vehicle sales across the rebating provinces (Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia) are attributed to the purchase incentives. Results of my counter-factual simulations imply that the cost of eliminating one tonne of carbon emissions across the provinces that offer incentives over the years of my study is, on average, $216/tonne CO2. Chapter 2. In light of the rapid increase in Canadian gasoline prices from 2000 to 2010, this chapter focuses on the relationship between gasoline price and demand for vehicle fuel efficiency across the Canadian forward sortation areas (FSA) over this period. I find that consumers respond to variations in gasoline price when deciding the fuel efficiency of their new vehicle; increases in gasoline price result in shifts in demand for more fuel-efficient vehicles and therefore improve the average fuel efficiency of the new vehicle fleet. I find that the elasticity of fuel economy with respect to gasoline price for new vehicles sold across the Canadian forward sortation areas (FSA) from 2000 to 2010 is -0.06 to -0.16. Results of further analyses imply that consumer are more responsive to rising and constant gasoline prices than falling prices and that urban residents are slightly more responsive to variations in gasoline price compared to residents of suburb regions. Chapter 3. This chapter investigates the effect of the carbon tax policy implemented by the Canadian Province of British Columbia on households’ new vehicle purchase decisions. I dis-aggregate the effects of gasoline price into two effects: the carbon tax and carbon tax-exclusive gasoline price. These effects are both measured along the extensive margin of replacing a fuel inefficient vehicle with a fuel-efficient vehicle. The results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between both effects and fuel efficiency substitutions. However, vehicle fuel economy is more sensitive to changes in the carbon tax than to equivalent changes in the carbon tax-exclusive gasoline price. I find that the elasticity of fleet fuel economy with respect to the carbon tax ranges from -0.22 to -0.26 whereas this elasticity changes between -0.1 and -0.15 with respect to gasoline price (net of the carbon tax). I obtain consistent results when estimating the effect of both factors on fleet fuel economy conditional on fleet composition, indicating that almost all vehicle segments respond more strongly to changes in the carbon tax component of gasoline price than other components. Results also imply that, among all segments, the fuel consumption of compact sport utility vehicles (SUVs), minivans, and luxury high-end cars respond the most to the carbon tax.

A busca de soluções para a mobilidade urbana que minimizem a agressão do setor de tráfego e transportes ao meio ambiente está cada vez maior. Os veículos elétricos se posicionam como uma alternativa interessante, pois reduzem a emissão de gases poluentes na atmosfera, a poluição sonora e o consumo de petróleo. No entanto, sua limitada autonomia e a escassez de postos de recarga intimidam sua adoção. Por conta disso, políticas governamentais de incentivo têm sido desenvolvidas para a oferta de benefícios a quem optar por um veículo elétrico. Estima-se que dentro de poucas décadas toda a frota urbana será substituída por veículos dessa natureza. Por isso, é importante entender as mudanças no tempo de viagem e no consumo de energia oriundos da inclusão de veículos elétricos em cenários de tráfego. Trabalhos anteriores estudaram as diferenças entre os mecanismos internos de veículos convencionais e elétricos na determinação destas mudanças. Porém, dadas as características destes últimos, motoristas de veículos elétricos se preocupam com a economia de energia e podem optar por rotas diferentes. Logo, uma análise completa destes impactos deve considerar uma nova distribuição de tráfego. Este trabalho propõe um método biobjetivo de alocação de tráfego que considera o tempo de viagem e o consumo de energia para determinar a distribuição de veículos elétricos em cenários de tráfego urbano. Duas estratégias de distribuição de fluxo são propostas como mecanismos de escolha de rotas. Como parte da alocação de tráfego, é proposto um algoritmo biobjetivo de caminhos mínimos para veículos elétricos. A abordagem apresentada foi aplicada a três cenários distintos, onde percebeu-se uma diminuição de até 80% no consumo total de energia. Em cenários com congestionamento, observou-se um aumento de 10% no tempo de viagem. Já em cenários sem congestionamento o tempo de viagem diminuiu cerca de 2%. A recuperação de energia representa quase 6% da economia total dos veículos elétricos. Além disso, experimentos mostraram que investimentos na eficiência dos veículos elétricos podem resultar em uma economia de até 15% de energia. / The search for urban mobility solutions that minimize the aggression to the environment is increasing. Electric vehicles are an attractive alternative because they reduce greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and oil consumption. However, their limited autonomy and the lack of charging stations restrict their popularization. Therefore, government incentive policies have been developed in order to offer benefits to those who choose an electric vehicle. It is estimated that the entire urban fleet will be replaced by these vehicles in a few decades. Therefore, it is important to understand the changes in travel time and energy consumption from the inclusion of electric vehicles in traffic scenarios. Previous works determined these changes by studying the differences between the internal engine of conventional and electric vehicles. However, given the characteristics of the latter, drivers of electric vehicles care about saving energy and may want to choose different routes. Thus, a complete analysis of these impacts should consider a redistribution of traffic. This work proposes a bi-objective traffic assignment method that considers the travel time and the energy consumption to determine the distribution of electric vehicles in urban traffic scenarios. We introduce two strategies for flow distribution as models of route choice. As a procedure of the traffic assignment method, we propose a bi-objective shortest path algorithm for electric vehicles. Our approach was applied to three different scenarios, which resulted in a decrease of up to 80% in total energy consumption. In congested scenarios, we observe an increase of about 10% in average travel time. In uncongested scenarios, travel time decreases about 2%. Energy recovery is almost 6% of the total savings of electric vehicles. Moreover, experiments have shown that investments in the efficiency of electric vehicles can result in up to 15% of energy savings.

The Energy Management Strategy (EMS) has a huge effect on the performance of any hybrid vehicle because it determines the operating point of almost every component associated with the powertrain. This means that its optimisation is an incredibly complex task which must consider a number of objectives including the fuel consumption, drive-ability, component degradation and straight-line performance. The EMS is of particular importance for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEVs), not only to minimise the fuel consumption, but also to reduce the electrical stress on the fuel cell and maximise its useful lifetime. This is because the durability and cost of the fuel cell stack is one of the major obstacles preventing FCHEVs from being competitive with conventional vehicles. In this work, a novel EMS is developed, specifcally for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEVs), which considers not only the fuel consumption, but also the degradation of the fuel cell in order to optimise the overall running cost of the vehicle. This work is believed to be the first of its kind to quantify effect of decisions made by the EMS on the fuel cell degradation, inclusive of multiple causes of voltage degradation. The performance of this new strategy is compared in simulation to a recent strategy from the literature designed solely to optimise the fuel consumption. It is found that the inclusion of the degradation metrics results in a 20% increase in fuel cell lifetime for only a 3.7% increase in the fuel consumption, meaning that the overall running cost is reduced by 9%. In addition to direct implementation on board a vehicle, this technique for optimising the degradation alongside the fuel consumption also allows alternative vehicle designs to be compared in an unbiased way. In order to demonstrate this, the novel optimisation technique is subsequently used to compare alternative system designs in order to identify the optimal economic sizing of the fuel cell and battery pack. It is found that the overall running cost can be minimised by using the smallest possible fuel cell stack that will satisfy the average power requirement of the duty cycle, and by using an oversized battery pack to maximise the fuel cell effciency and minimise the transient loading on the stack. This research was undertaken at Loughborough University as part of the Doctoral Training Centre (DTC) in Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Their Applications in collaboration with the University of Birmingham and Nottingham University and with sponsorship from HORIBA-MIRA (Nuneaton, UK). A Microcab H4 test vehicle has been made available for use in testing for this research which was previously used for approximately 2 years at the University of Birmingham. The Microcab H4 is a small campus based vehicle designed for passenger transport and mail delivery at low speeds as seen on a university campus. It has a top speed of approximately 30mph, and is fitted with a 1.2kW fuel cell and a 2kWh battery pack.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the energy use of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), to compare their energy usage with other different vehicle technologies, and ultimately to determine their suitability for recreational use. The possibility of applying such vehicles into South Africa’s game reserves is researched in terms of energy costs and evaluated. Calculations were made based on actual existing routes found in the Kruger National Park, and are presently used by tourists for sightseeing and to access the different camps within the park. Calculations were made on the forces acting on a vehicle driving through the different routes and terrains. These forces were then translated into fuel or energy consumption and subsequently into fuel and energy prices. The entire exercise was performed on alternative vehicle technologies in a hypothetical scenario. The calculations investigated the energy consumption and efficiency of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) and other vehicle technologies such as fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and lastly the internal combustion engine (ICEV) vehicle. It was found that the energy consumption of each vehicle technology revealed similar trends and ranking on most routes. However on certain routes, the energy usage difference amongst the different vehicle technologies became more pronounced. This can be attributed to the continuous demand of energy by the vehicle to maintain forward motion. It was found that in general, irrespective of the route profile, the route surface or its total distance, the highest energy efficiency is achieved by the battery electric vehicle (BEV), followed by the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and then by the combined hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and lastly by the internal combustion engine (ICEV) vehicle. / Electrical Engineering / M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)

Les progrès concernant l’autonomie des batteries ont rendu le véhicule électrique vraiment compétitif. Cependant un problème n'est pas vraiment résolu, celui du temps de charge des batteries qui reste long même avec des bornes de forte puissance. La charge par induction peut compenser en partie ce handicap grâce à une infrastructure quasi-transparente pour l'utilisateur, basée sur l'équipement des zones de stationnement.L'objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le potentiel et les limitations de la charge par induction, éventuellement par l'introduction de nouveaux concepts, dans la gamme des puissances de plusieurs dizaines de Kilowatts et sur des distances supérieures à 10cm entre l’inducteur et l’induit. L'obtention de bons rendements et le respect de dimensions en accord avec l'intégration dans le véhicule sont des points essentiels de la démarche.Dans un premier temps, différentes topologies de compensation de l'énergie réactive, indispensable dans cette application, sont comparées et la topologie dite Série-Série (SS) est finalement retenue. De la même façon, différentes architecture d’électronique de puissance sont évaluées. L’architecture correspondant à l'utilisation d'un onduleur primaire commandé en phase shift à fréquence variable, et d'un simple pont de diode secondaire est adoptée. Elle permet de réguler le courant injecté dans les batteries tout en simplifiant l’électronique de puissance, c.à.d. sans utiliser de convertisseurs DC-DC ni au primaire, ni au secondaire.Un outil de calcul des pertes dans le fil de Litz est ensuite mis en place. Il permet d'évaluer les pertes dans les bobinages en fonction de la section du fil et du diamètre des brins, l'objectif étant de trouver la combinaison "section de cuivre/diamètre de brins" minimisant les pertes.La troisième étape consiste à mettre en place des outils de conception analytiques complétés par des simulations "éléments finis" pour concevoir les bobinages du coupleur électromagnétique ainsi que son blindage magnétique. Des montages expérimentaux à petite échelle permettent une première validation de ces outils de conception. Enfin un algorithme d’optimisation est développé.Sur la base des solutions identifiées dans la première partie, les outils de conception ont été finalement utilisés pour concevoir un démonstrateur de 22kW, capable de transférer l’énergie sur une distance de 25cm entre l’inducteur et l’induit. Ce démonstrateur a été testé avec succès à la puissance nominale. Le rendement mesuré est de 95% lorsque les bobines primaire et secondaire sont alignées. / Scientific progress in battery field related to autonomy has made electric vehicles really competitive. However, there is a problem that hasn’t been solved yet, the duration of the charge which still high, even if high power chargers are used. Inductive charging could be a solution to that problem because the infrastructure can become almost transparent for the user if it is implemented in car park areas.The aim of this PhD work is to evaluate the potential and the limitations of inductive charging, to identify eventual new concepts, in a fast charge power range (few tens of Kilowatts) and with air gaps higher than 10cm.First, different topologies of reactive energy compensation are compared and the Series-Series (SS) topology is selected. Then, in the same way, different power electronics architecture are compared. The architecture using a phase-shifted DC-AC converter to supply the primary side and a simple power bridge to supply the secondary side is adopted. This architecture allows regulating the current in the batteries without using DC-DC converters neither on the primary side nor on the secondary side.Then, a software is implemented that is able to calculate losses in Litz wire, as a function of the wire section and the strands diameter, the aim being to choose a Litz wire that minimizes the losses in the windings.The third step is the implementation of a tool dedicated to the design of the primary and secondary coils and of the magnetic shields. The tool is based on analytic equations and finite elements simulations. The design tool is validated by means of reduced scale experiments. Finally, an optimization algorithm is implemented.Considering the solutions identified in the first part, the previous design tools are finally used to design a 22kW prototype able to transfer energy through an air gap of 25cm. This prototype has been successfully tested at nominal power. An efficiency of 95% has been measured when the two coils are aligned.

Current private transportation remains very harmful for the environment, especially the non-electric vehicles. This report proposes five novel type of nanomaterials-based Li-ion batteries to improve substantially the electric vehicle battery properties along with a substantial reduction of the environmental impact of its commercial counterparts. To address the problem, a cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment has been performed in which the biggest emphasis has been focused on the energy and materials inputs and outputs during the raw materials extraction. We show how the analyzed Ni-doped graphene battery and Fe3O4-based Cu battery are the most environmentally friendly, stable, reliable and improved batteries among the five cases of study. These results can open new horizons for future advances in the implantation of an electromobility transportation. / <p>I presented my work via Skype while sharing the screen.</p>

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Balasubramaniam Natarajan / Anil Pahwa / Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their low operating costs and environmentally friendly operation. However, the anticipated increase of EV usage and increased use of renewable energy sources and smart storage devices for EV charging presents opportunities as well as challenges. Time-varying electricity pricing and day-ahead power commitment adds another dimension to this problem. This thesis, describes development of coordinated EV charging strategies for renewable energy-powered charging stations at homes and parking lots. We develop an optimal control theory-based charging strategy that minimizes power drawn from the electricity grid while utilizing maximum energy from renewable energy sources. Specifically, we derive a centralized iterative control approach in which charging rates of EVs are optimized one at a time. We also propose an algorithm that maximizes profits for parking lot operators by advantageously utilizing time-varying electricity pricing while satisfying system constraints. We propose a linear programming-based strategy for EV charging, and we specifically derive a centralized linear program that minimizes charging costs for parking lot operators while satisfying customer demand in available time. Then we model EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop a real-time pricing scheme that results in favorable load profile for electric utility by influencing EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop this pricing scheme as a game between electric utility and Active Consumers, in which the electric utilities decide optimal electricity prices that minimize peak-to-average load ratio and Active Consumers decide optimal charging strategy that minimizes EV charging costs for Active Consumers.