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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

An evaluation of development-induced relocation process in the Ingquza Hill Local Municipality

Makhanya, Kentridge Khanyile 11 1900 (has links)
The development of the Eros-Vuyani-Neptune 400 kV transmission powerline has seen some of the people of Ingquza Hill Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape relocated from their original place of residence. This research evaluated the process that was implemented when relocating the affected people in the Ingquza Hill Local Municipality, covering villages within Lusikisiki and Flagstaff towns. This study provides a response to the research question, which was: “Did the relocations improve the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of the people in Ingquza Hill Local Municipality?” The evaluation process of the study followed a systematic methodology, which entailed i) investigating and analysing the social impact indicators identified during the relocations; ii) evaluating and comparing key socio-economic and environmental indicators in Ingquza Hill Local Municipality; and iii) making recommendations to improve the relocation process. The study also formulated five key indicators of relocations, utilised to compare the social receptors before and after the relocation phase of the project. The utilised key indicators are: 1) quality education; 2) quality health care; 3) affected age groups; 4) community linkage; and 5) employment conditions. The results of the research highlighted the need for a comprehensive and, most importantly, inclusive process when relocating people from their homes. This research concluded that the relocation process needs to be formalised and adopted hand in hand with development instead of being treated as a separate process. The research study further recommends that the process of relocating communities, as a companion of development, needs to be effectively monitored and managed in order to curb the socio-environmental impacts thereof. / Environmental Science / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
162

Development and assessment of reduced order power system models

Nteka, Makhetsi Flora January 2013 (has links)
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013 / The demand for electrical energy has kept on increasing, thus causing power systems to be more complex and bringing the challenging problems of electrical energy generation, transmission, stability, as well as storage to be examined more thoroughly. With the advent of high-speed computation and the desire to analyze increasingly complex behaviour in power systems, simulation techniques are gaining importance and prevalence. Nevertheless, while simulations of large, interconnected complex power systems are feasible, they remain time-consuming. Moreover, the models and parameters used in simulations are uncertain, due to measurement uncertainty, the need to represent a complex behaviour with low-order models, and the inherent changing nature of the power system. This research explores the use of a model reduction technique and the applications of a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) to reduce the uncertainty in large-scale complex power system models. The main goal of the research is to develop a reduced order model and to investigate the applications of the RTDS simulator in reduction of large, interconnected power systems models. The first stage of the study is to build and simulate the full model of the power system using the DigSILENT and RTDS simulators. The second phase is to apply model reduction technique to the full model and to determine the parameters in the reduced-order model as well as how the process of reduction increases this model uncertainty. In the third phase the results of the model reduction technique are compared based on the results of the original model - IEEE standard benchmark models has been used. The RTDS was used for comparative purposes. The thesis investigations use a particular model reduction technique as Coherency based Method. Though the method ideas are applicable more generally, a concrete demonstration of its principles is instructive and necessary. Further, while this particular technique is not relevant to every system, it does apply to a broad class of systems and illustrates the salient features of the proposed methodology. The results of the thesis can be used in the development of reduced models of complex power systems, simulation in real-time during power system operation, education at universities, and research. Keywords: IEEE benchmark models, reduced models, Coherency based Method, DigSILENT, RTDS, model uncertainty, power system stability
163

Planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão considerando segurança e planos de programação da geração / Transmission systems expansion planning considering security and generation programming plans

Silva Junior, Irênio de Jesus 10 July 2005 (has links)
Orientadores: Carlos Alberto Favarin Murari, Ruben Augusto Romero Lazaro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaJunior_IreniodeJesus_D.pdf: 556445 bytes, checksum: 5c960cb84852b3168eabbeed28c1a28a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta algumas propostas para solucionar o problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão, estático e multiestágio, considerando restrições de segurança - critério de segurança (n_1), assim como para o planejamento da expansão de um sistema elétrico que satisfaça simultaneamente vários planos de programação da geração pré-especificados. Visando superar deficiências na determinação de soluções ótimas para sistemas de grande porte quando se usa métodos exatos, como decomposição de Benders e algoritmos Branch and Bound, implementouse um algoritmo genético (AG) especializado, o AG de Chu-Beasley. Utilizou-se o modelo DC para realizar a modelagem da rede elétrica para os problemas da expansão de sistemas de transmissão aqui propostos. Para a geração da população inicial e melhora de um descendente do AG de Chu-Beasley utilizou-se o algoritmo heurístico construtivo de Villasana-Garver-Salon / Abstract: This Ph.D. thesis presents some proposals to solve the transmission network expansion planning problem, static and multistage, taking into account security constraints - (n _ 1) security criterium, and the transmission expansion planning to satisfy some generation programming plans. Trying to find optimal solutions to large scale power systems, the specialized genetic algorithm of Chu-Beasley was implemented. The DC model was used to model the electrical network, and the constructive heuristic algorithm of Villasana-Garver-Salon was implemented to create the initial population and to improve the offsprings of the Chu-Beasley Genetic Algorithm / Doutorado / Energia / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
164

Influencia do calculo da ampacidade no despacho da operação / Influence of the ampacity calculation in the operation dispatch

Moreira, Frederico Silva 17 February 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Takaaki Ohishi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T19:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_FredericoSilva_D.pdf: 1505207 bytes, checksum: cfa3623f585ea0ced0a90bef66335eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Em sistemas elétricos, um dos principais fatores limitantes do transporte de energia é a temperatura do condutor. Conhecendose a potência transportada através do sistema de transmissão, suas linhas, as seções mais críticas e o clima da região onde se encontram, podemos calcular a temperatura real do condutor, proporcionando em determinadas condições, um aumento da capacidade de transmissão, sem comprometer a segurança operacional. Como no projeto da linha de transmissão a sua capacidade é baseada em estimativas muito conservadoras, uma linha aparentemente sobrecarregada poderia causar em alguns momentos, uma alteração desnecessária no despacho dos geradores e nos demais controles do sistema. Nesta tese são propostos dois estudos de influências das condições climáticas no despacho da operação. A primeira considera os limites na transmissão como sendo variáveis e dependentes das condições climáticas a que estão submetidos. A segunda forma de operação utiliza como dados de entrada para o despacho as resistências das linhas de transmissão atualizadas pela sua temperatura de operação / Abstract: In electrical systems, one of the main factors limiting the energy transport is the temperature of the conductor. By knowing the power transmitted through the transmission system, its lines, the critical sections and the climate of the region where they are located, the real temperature of the conductor can be calculated, providing, in determined conditions, an increase of the transmission capacity, without compromising the operational security. Since in the project of a transmission line its capacity is based on very conservative estimates, an apparently overloaded line could cause at some moments an unnecessary alteration in the dispatch of the generators and in other controls of the system. In this thesis are proposed two studies of the climatic conditions influence in the operation dispatch. The first considers the transmission limits as variable and dependent of the climatic conditions to which they are submitted. The second form of operation uses as input data for the dispatch the resistances of the transmission lines updated by their operation temperature / Doutorado / Automação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
165

Calculo dos parametros de linhas de transmissão trifasicas atraves das tensões e correntes em seus terminais / Calculation of parameters of thress-phase transmission lines through voltages and currents in their terminals

Lustosa, Leonardo Silva 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Jose Pissolato Filho, Sergio Kurokawa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T06:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lustosa_LeonardoSilva_M.pdf: 1611174 bytes, checksum: 2c164206f95ffdeb84cf75eeff5c9f1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é calcular os parâmetros longitudinais e transversais de linhas de transmissão trifásica a partir das correntes e tensões nas fases das mesmas. Serão utilizadas equações desenvolvidas no domínio modal considerando as obtenções de correntes e tensões em um terminal da linha enquanto o outro terminal permanece em aberto ou em curto-circuito. Inicialmente é apresentada a teoria básica de linhas de transmissão partindo do pressuposto de que tais linhas são melhores representadas através do modelo de parâmetros distribuídos. Assim através da análise de circuitos elétricos e das leis de Kirchhoff são encontradas as equações diferenciais de segunda ordem de tensão e corrente que caracterizam a linha de transmissão. Em seguida é apresentada a metodologia para cálculo dos parâmetros da linha que utiliza a idéia de impedância equivalente de circuito aberto e curto-circuito quando um dos terminais está em aberto e em curto-circuito respectivamente. Utilizando o Toolbox SimPowerSystem do MatLab são simuladas a obtenção das correntes em linhas de transmissão trifásica de 330 kV, 440 kV e 500 kV, todas com comprimento igual a 500 km. De posse de tais correntes são calculados os parâmetros das linhas de transmissão e comparados com seus valores reais, mostrando a viabilidade da metodologia empregada e que o erro obtido com tal metodologia é menor do que o erro entre os parâmetros reais das linhas após construção e seus parâmetros de projeto existente nos bancos de dados das empresas. / Abstract: The objective of this work is to calculate the longitudinal and transversal transmission line parameters using phase currents and voltages. Developed equations are used, in the modal domain, considering current and voltages found between a line terminal and an open line terminal, and a short-circuit terminal. . Initially, the basic transmission line theory is presented assuming that these lines are best represented by distributed parameters model. Therefore, through the analysis of electric circuits and Kirchhoff's laws , second order differential equations for voltage and current are found, which characterizes the line transmission. Next it is shown the method to calculate the line parameters, which uses the concept of open circuit and short-circuit equivalent impedance when one of the terminals is open or in short-circuited respectively. Using the Toolbox of MatLab, SimPowerSystem, estimated currents are simulated in a three-phase transmission line of 330 kV, 440 kV and 500 kV, all with the length of 500 km. The found values are used to calculate parameters of lines transmission and to compared them with their real values, showing that the calculation is possible and that the error obtained with this method is smaller than an error between the real line parameters after construction and those of existing project in the data base of companies. / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
166

Melhoria da regulação de tensão e do suporte de potencia reativa em sistemas integrados de transmissão e distribuição / Improvement on voltage regulation and reactive power supply in transmission and distribution networks

Bauab, Gabriela Helena Sergio 12 January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Santos Junior Anesio dos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T21:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bauab_GabrielaHelenaSergio_D.pdf: 3455899 bytes, checksum: 4ade2d30d8e9de4118018a2a17477849 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Com a expansão dos sistemas elétricos e o aumento de carga, uma das dificuldades dos operadores é a manutenção do perfil de tensão do sistema. Neste trabalho é proposta uma estratégia de cálculo de variáveis descontrole, visando melhoria nos perfis de tensão das redes de transmissão e distribuição consideradas de forma integrada. Esta estratégia leva em consideração as especificidades dos componentes dos sistemas, como barras com controle de tensão, transformadores em fase com controle de tap das subestações de transmissão e das subestações de distribuição. Para a abordagem da regulação de tensão no sistema de transmissão é proposta a decomposição do problema. Esta é realizada levando em conta os efeitos que as variáveis de decisão provocam no sistema. A decisão sobre as variáveis de tensão das barras com controle é calculada por meio da resolução de um problema de otimização que envolve uma heurística para o tratamento das restrições sobre as injeções de potência reativa. Na seqüência, as decisões sobre os taps dos transformadores das subestações de transmissão também são tomadas com base em um problema de otimização simplificado. Para a integração das soluções dos sistemas de transmissão e distribuição é proposta uma heurística de ajuste de carga baseada em cálculo de fluxo de carga. O cálculo dos taps dos transformadores das subestações de distribuição é feito considerando a invariância d fluxo de potência ativa através das mesmas e possibilita a recuperação do perfil de tensão dos alimentadores. São apresentados resultados obtidos com sistemas de testes considerados em situações de operação normal e com perturbações, como contingências em circuitos de transmissão e alterações de carga. / Abstract: With the expansion of the electrical systems and the load increase, one of the difficulties of the operators is the maintenance of the voltage profile of the system. In this work, a control variable calculation esstrategy is proposal, aiming the improvement in the voltage profiles of the networks, considered transmission and distribution of integrated form. This strategy takes in consideration the specificities of components of the systems, such as voltage control, control of tap of transformers of transmission's subtation and distribution's substation. For the voltage regulation problem of transmission systems, a problem decomposition is proposal. This is based on the decomposition according to effect provoked for the same ones on the system. The decision on voltage variable of control bars is calculated by the resolution of a optimisation problem that involves a heuristic for the treatment of the reactive power injections restrictions. In the sequence, the decision on tap variable of transformers of transmission substation are also taken based on a simplified optimisation problem. For the Integration of the solutions of transmission and distribution systems is proposed a heuristic of load adjustment based on load flow calculation. The calculation of transformers' taps of the distribution substation is made considering the permanence of active power flow through the same ones and makes possible the recovery of the voltage profile of the feeders. Tests with transmission and distribution systems are presented considering normal operation and disturbances situations, as contingencies in the transmission circuits and load alteration. / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
167

Estudo da conexão da usina de Belo Monte ao SIN através da alternativa de transmissão em meia onda / Half wavelegth transmission lines connecting Belo Monte power plant to the Brazilian interconnected system

Gomes, Leandro Costa Ferreira, 1986- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_LeandroCostaFerreira_M.pdf: 6148500 bytes, checksum: bf5007e253bf40d848b0494ce01ead56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho está inserido num contexto de busca de novas fontes de energia elétrica e de aproveitamento de grandes potenciais energéticos localizados distantes dos principais centros de carga. Para estes, alternativas não convencionais de transmissão também são exigidas, nas quais se insere a transmissão em linhas de pouco mais de meio comprimento de onda, distância de pouco mais de 2500km no sistema brasileiro à 60Hz. Como este tipo de transmissão nunca foi implementado, trata-se de uma proposta inovadora, pouco explorada e que exige ensaios elementares para testar-se a viabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens frente a outras alternativas de transmissão de energia elétrica. Esta dissertação visa investigar alguns aspectos referentes à tal método de transmissão de grandes montantes de potência em distintos cenários de interligação entre as regiões Norte e Sudeste do Brasil do SIN (sistema interligado nacional). Três distintos corredores compostos por linhas de pouco mais de meio comprimento de onda foram ensaiados. Inseridos conectando a usina de Belo Monte no Pará a Assis-SP na rede de 500kV, percorrendo 2664 km. Cada um dos corredores é composto por: três linhas de 800 kV e 4846 MW de potência característica (SIL); um segundo com duas das mesmas linhas de 800kV e um terceiro com duas linhas de 1000 kV e 8100 MW de potência característica. Cada aspecto é ensaiado em seis diferentes situações de carregamento do SIN e de fluxo de potência pelo corredor, abrangendo cenários de alto, médio e baixo carregamento das linhas assim como mudanças no sentido do fluxo entre Norte e Sudeste. Dentre os aspectos abordados estão: a avaliação e redução das perdas manipulando a potência característica operacional das linhas; o controle do carregamento do corredor através do uso de transformadores defasadores não convencionais; a inserção de cargas e geração em pontos intermediários deste e o controle do fluxo de potência reativa. Por fim, o estudo não aborda aspectos transitórios e é realizado com o auxílio do ANAREDE, software elaborado pelo CEPEL / Abstract: This work is placed in a search for new sources of power and exploitation of large energy potential located far from major load centers. For the second scenarios, alternate non-conventional transmission are also required, in which half wavelength transmission lines are inserted, resulting in a distance of just over 2500km for the 60Hz brazilian electrical system. Since this type of transmission has never been implemented, it is an innovative solution and few explored, requiring elementary studies to test the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages compared to other alternatives for bulk electric power transmission. This thesis aims to investigate some aspects related to such transmission method for large amounts of power into distinct scenarios of interconnection between the North and Southeast of Brazil's SIN (Brazilian National grid). Corridors consisting of three distinct lines of just over half wavelength were tested. Inserted connecting Belo Monte hydro power plant in Para to Assis in São Paulo through the 500kV network, covering 2664 km, each corridor is composed: by three lines of 800 kV and 4846 MW of Surge Load Impedance (SIL), the second one by two of the same 800kV lines and a third by two lines of 1000 kV and 8100 MW SIL. Each aspect is tested in six different SIN load situations and power flowing through the corridor, covering scenarios of high, medium and low lines loading as well as changes in flow direction between North and Southeast. Among the issues tackled are: evaluation and reduction of losses by manipulating operating lines SIL; line load controlling using non-conventional phase shift transformers; inserting loads and generation at intermediate points of the lines and control of reactive power flow. Finally, the study does not handle with transient aspects and is accomplished with the aid of ANAREDE, software developed by CEPEL / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
168

Condition measuring and lifetime modelling of electrical power transmission equipment

Westerlund, Per January 2015 (has links)
The electric grid is important in modern society, so the outages should be few. The transmission grid should have a real high availability, since it transports electrical energy across the country. Then, it is difficult to plan outages for maintenance and installation. This thesis lists twenty surveys about failures of circuit breakers and disconnectors, with data about the cause and the lifetime. It also contains a survey of about forty condition-measuring methods for circuit breakers and disconnectors, mostly applicable to the electric contacts and the mechanical parts. As there is no published method to monitor the electric contacts at voltages around 400 kV, a system with IR sensors has been installed at the nine contacts of six disconnectors. The purpose is to avoid outages for maintenance by estimating the condition of the contacts while the disconnectors are still connected to high voltage. The measured temperatures are collected by radio and regressed against the square of the current, since the best exponent for the current was found to be 2.0. The coefficient of determination $R^2$ is high, greater than 0.9. This gives for each contact a regression coefficient, which can serve as an estimate of the condition of the contact. The higher the coefficient is, the more heat is produced at the contact, which can damage the material. This enables a ranking of the different contacts and shows which the worst ones are. This coefficient can also give a dynamic rating of the disconnector. / Elnätet är viktigt i det moderna samhället, så antalet avbrott bör vara lågt. Särskilt stamnätet bör ha en särskilt hög tillgänglighet, då det transporterar elektrisk energi tvärsöver landet. Då blir det svårt att planera avbrott för underhåll och utbyggnad. Denna avhandling tar upp tjugo studier av fel i brytare och frånskiljare med data om felorsak och livslängd. Den har också en översikt av ett fyrtiotal olika metoder för tillståndsmätningar för brytare och frånskiljare, som huvudsakligen rör de elektriska kontakterna och de mekaniska delarna. Eftersom det inte finns någon beskriven metod för att övervaka elektriska kontakter för spänningar på runt 400 kV, har ett system med IR sensorer installerats på de nio kontakterna på sex frånskiljare. Målet är att minska antalet avbrott för underhåll genom att skatta skicket hos kontakterna, när frånskiljarna fortfarande är kopplade till högspänning. De uppmätta temperaturerna tas emot genom radio och behandlas genom regression mot kvadraten av strömmen, då den bästa exponenten för strömmen visade sig vara 2,0. Förklaringsfaktorn $R^2$ är hög, över 0,9. För varje kontakt ger det en regressionskoefficient, som blir en skattning av kontaktens skick. Ju högre koefficienten är, desto mer värme utvecklas det i kontakten, vilket kan leda till skador på materialet. Kontakternas olika koefficienter ger en rankordning dem och därmed en möjlighet att prioritera vilken frånskiljare som ska underhållas först. Systemet kan också användas för att minska eller öka den tillåtna strömmen baserat på skicket. / <p>QC 20150522</p>
169

Evaluation of Voltage Instability Countermeasures in Constrained Sub-transmission Power Networks

Jones, Peter Gibson 01 January 2012 (has links)
This paper investigates the various parameters that effect voltage stability in sub-transmission power networks. The paper first looks at contributions from equipment: generators, transmission lines, transformers, capacitors, SVCs and STATCOMs. The paper also looks at the effects of loads on voltage stability. Power flow solutions, PV and VQ curves are covered. The study models an existing voltage problem i.e., a long, radial, 115 kV sub-transmission network that serves a 65 MW load. The network model is simulated with the following voltage instability countermeasures: adding a capacitor, adding an SVC, adding a STATCOM, tying to a neighboring transmission system, adding generation and bringing in a new 230 kV source. Then, using the WECC heavy-winter 2012 power flow base case and Siemens PTI software, VQ and PV curves are created for each solution. Finally, the curves are analyzed to determine the best solution.
170

SELECTED ASPECTS OF POWER ENGINEERING AS RELATED TO THE WESTERN AREA POWER ADMINISTRATION.

Sundberg, John Raynor. January 1982 (has links)
No description available.

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