This thesis outlines the design and implementation process of an electrified powertrain for use in an American muscle car. Designed as McMaster University's entrant to the EcoCAR 3 Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition (AVTC), an electrified powertrain was developed to provide a Chevrolet Camaro with the performance expected by the American muscle car market while maintaining ever increasing fuel economy regulations. A background of current trends in vehicle electrification, including the prominent market segments experiencing these trends, will be explored along with the history of the classic and modern American muscle car's technical specifications. Following an investigation into existing vehicle electrification trends, the selected hybrid architecture will be discussed. The process of converting a conventional combustion powertrain into a series-parallel hybrid electric powertrain will be explored from the component-level through to full system design. Following a review of the design process for the powertrain, a high-level testing plan will be proposed using a number of test cells available within the facility. This plan will begin at the component-level exploring specific areas of potential complication and move up to complete system-level testing of powertrain functionality. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Until recently, hybrid electric vehicles have tended to be available in a fairly limited market segment with few offerings for performance-oriented vehicle customers. The introduction of high performance hybrid vehicles suggests that this trend is likely to change. Increasingly more stringent fuel economy and emissions standards means that performance vehicle segments such as American muscle cars must adopt new technologies to retain their performance characteristics. Hybrid powertrains are one solution to providing and improving on the iconic performance of American muscle while meeting future regulatory changes. The addition of a number of electrified components to a gasoline powertrain can assist in achieving desired performance while reducing fuel economy. This thesis investigates the detailed design process adopted to make these modifications while maintaining the functionality expected by muscle car owners. After the design and assembly of the hybrid muscle car powertrain, a specific testing plan was laid out to ensure that the system is capable of sustaining the expected power output. This design and testing process can help introduce new hybrid vehicles to the market which are capable of meeting both the upcoming fuel economy regulations as well as the ongoing performance expectations of the muscle car market.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

No description available.

ABSTRACT Because of a great variety of tribocomponents and lubricants, the phenomenon of frictional magnetization and electrification between tribocomponents becomes more obvious. In order to understand the effects of frictional magnetization and electrification on tribology characteristics and miniature electrical control component signal, the frictional magnetization and electrification test under dry friction condition is investigated by the reciprocating electrification tester. Three material-pair types will be investigated their frictional magnetization and electrification behavior under various operating parameters, e.g. driver speed, normal load, and sliding distance. Moreover, the worn surface will be observed by the optical microscopy and SEM. Results show that the magnetization and electrification on friction surfaces increases with increasing load, and decreases with the carbon content of a material, and depends on material-pair. It is found that wear particles have been magnetized on the friction surface, even that the wear particles has been adhered to the surface caused by electro static action. Moreover, in the microscopic view, the frictional magnetization and electrification are related to both friction and wear.

No description available.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Centre for Environmental and Urban Studies, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 360-379.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-111).

Bibliography: pages 163-172. / This study examines the involvement of public and private sector institutions in the provision of electricity in urban areas of South Africa. Access to electricity in South Africa is highly unequal and little progress is currently being made to bring electricity to all, mainly due to institutional and financial problems. The focus on public and private sector roles is adopted because of the social importance and economic nature of electricity provision, the global and national significance of privatisation policies, and the current importance of allocating appropriate roles to the public and private sectors in widening access to services, including electricity, in South Africa. The distribution sector of the South African electricity supply industry (ESI) is highly fragmented. Municipal electricity departments, which mostly serve white residential, commercial and industrial areas, are generally highly profitable and provide an effective service, but are not highly efficient by international standards. These departments are self-sufficient in the implementation of electrification projects, and have access to adequate capital to finance such projects. Electricity distribution authorities set up to serve black areas, especially electricity departments of black local authorities, are ineffective, and often financially unsound. Due to the weakness of public authorities charged with the task of undertaking electrification projects in black areas, the implementation of these projects is dependent on the involvement of private electrical consultants and contractors. However, few such projects are currently being undertaken due to inappropriate planning and shortages of concessionary finance. After close consideration of the benefits and drawbacks of public and private involvement in range of activities that arise from electricity provision, it is concluded that the key challenges facing the ESI in South Africa will best be met if the distribution sector is restructured on a regional basis in order to utilise existing expertise, and retained within the public sector. Accelerated electrification initiatives, planned and co-ordinated by these distribution authorities, would draw upon the experience and capabilities of private electrical consultants and contractors. Public sector leadership in mobilising both public and private investment would also be necessary. Thus, whilst public institutions would be dominant, important roles would remain for the private sector in the provision of electricity in urban areas. The results of this study suggest that far from privatising service provision in South Africa, it will be essential to allocate a dominant role to the public sector in widening access to services to all.

“We emphasize the need to address the challenge of access to sustainable modern energy services for all, in particular for the poor, who are unable to afford these services even when they are available.”  Section 126: The Future We Want (Out Come Document of Rio+20-United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development June 20-22, 2012). The lack of energy access has been identified as a hurdle in achieving the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals, leading towards the urge to set a goal for universal electrification till 2030. With around 600 million people in Africa without access to electricity, effective and efficient electrification programs and policy framework is required to achieve this goal sustainably. South Africa is an example in the continent for initiating intense electrification programs and policies like “Free Basic Electricity”, increasing its electrification rate from 30% in 1993 to 75% in 2010 and a claimed 82% in 2011. The case of South Africa has been analysed from the perspective of universal electrification in the coming years. The aim was to estimate the un-electrified households for each area of South Africa in order to provide the basis for electrification planning. The idea was to use available electrification statistics with GIS (Geographic Information System) maps for grid lines and identifying the suitability of on-grid or off-grid electrification options, which may help in planning the electrification of these areas in the near future. However, due to lack of readily available data, the present work has been able to estimate the un-electrified households & their possible electrical load. The estimates have been distributed in different income groups for each province and district municipality of South Africa, which can be used for electrification planning at national, provincial and municipal level.  As a result, some simple and useful data parameters have been identified and an estimation methodology has been developed, which may be employed to obtain similar estimates at lower administrative levels i.e. local municipalities and wards. The work can be utilized further and feasible electrification options may be suggested for different areas of South Africa, with the help of GIS maps and data. Depending on the availability of useful data, the data parameters & indicators used in this work will be helpful for planning the electrification for rural households in other places of Africa.

Invented in the 1870's, practical electric lighting systems and the electric power industry immediately began to spread. At first electricity was limited to public and domestic lighting. Soon, it was applied to transportation when streetcars and interurbans were electrified. Later, industry, in particular the mining industry, adopted electricity as a source of power, and the profits and efficiency increased significantly. In Utah electrification began as early as 1880. In that year the state's first electric power company was incorporated in Salt Lake City. Soon, Ogden, Logan, Provo, and other towns began harnessing electricity. Shortly thereafter, electric streetcars began to run in the state's major cities and interurban lines connected towns along the Wasatch Front. Simultaneously, electricity was introduced into the mines, and greatly improved their productivity.