Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'application d'un modèle mathématique unidimensionnel de formation et de croissance de biofilms multi-espèces. Le modèle se compose d'un système d'équations non linéaires aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques, décrivant la croissance d'espèces microbiennes dans le biofilm, et un système d'équations semi-linéaires aux dérivées partielles paraboliques, qui régit la diffusion de substrat de la phase aqueuse vers la matrice du biofilm. L'ensemble conduit à un problème de valeur limite libre, essentiellement hyperbolique. Dans une première étude, l'analyse et la simulation de la phase initiale de croissance du biofilm ont été examinées. Le problème mathématique résultant a été discuté en utilisant la méthode des caractéristiques et le théorème du point fixe a été utilisé pour déterminer l'existence et l'unicité des solutions mathématiques. Un deuxième aspect de la thèse porte sur l'analyse et la prévision de la dynamique des populations microbienne dans plusieurs types biofilms pour le traitement des eaux usées. Le modèle a été appliqué pour simuler la compétition bactérienne et évaluer l'influence de la diffusion du substrat sur la stratification microbienne des biofilms multi-espèces, en incluant les bactéries nitrifiantes, Anammox et bactéries sulfato-réductrices. Dans les deux cas, la méthode des caractéristiques a été utilisée à des fins numériques et l'équation de conservation de masse joue un rôle crucial pour vérifier l'exactitude des simulations. Les résultats des simulations montrent que le modèle est en mesure d'évaluer correctement les effets des conditions limites qui s'exercent sur la concurrence bactérienne. Enfin, ce modèle a été étendu pour inclure le phénomène de colonisation microbienne. Le nouveau modèle est capable de prendre en compte l'invasion de nouvelles espèces en se basant sur un ensemble d'équations non linéaires aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques pour ce qui concerne le processus de croissance. De plus, le processus d'invasion biologique d'espèces nouvelles dans le biofilm a été modélisé par un système d'équations non linéaires aux dérivées partielles paraboliques. Ce modèle d'invasion a été appliqué avec succès pour simuler l'invasion des bactéries hétérotrophes dans les biofilms autotrophes / This dissertation relates to the applications of a one-dimensional mathematical model for multispecies biofilm formation and growth. The model consists of a system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations, describing the growth of microbial species in biofilms, and a system of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations, which governs substrate diffusion from the surrounding aqueous phase into the biofilm. Overall, this leads to a free boundary value problem, essentially hyperbolic. In a first study, the analysis and simulations of the initial phase of biofilm growth have been addressed. The resulting mathematical problem has been discussed by using the method of characteristics and the fixed-point theorem has been used to obtain existence, uniqueness and properties of solutions. A second aspect of the thesis deals with the analysis and prediction of population dynamics in multispecies biofilms for wastewater treatment. The model has been applied to simulate the bacterial competition and to evaluate the influence of substrate diffusion on microbial stratification for a nitrifying multispecies biofilm including Anammox bacteria and a sulfate-reducing biofilm. In both cases, the method of characteristics has been used for numerical purposes and the mass conservation equation plays a crucial role in checking the accuracy of simulations. The simulation results reveal that the model is able to evaluate properly the effects that boundary conditions exert on bacterial competition. Finally, the biofilm model has been extended to include the colonization phenomenon. The new model is able to take into account the invasion of new species diffusing from bulk liquid to biofilm, still based on a set of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations for what concerns growth process. Indeed, the biological invasion process of new species into the biofilm has been modeled by a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. The invasion model has been successfully applied to simulate the invasion of heterotrophic bacteria in a constituted autotrophic biofilm and viceversa

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) among other fuel cells are considered the best candidate for commercialization of portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion and low pollutant emission. Recently, there has been significant interest in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), due to certain advantages such as simplified system and better tolerance to CO poisoning. Cost, durability and the reliability are delaying the commercialization of PEM fuel cell technology. Above all durability is the most critical issue and it influences the other two issues. The main objective of this work is to study the durability of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for HT-PEMFC. In this study the investigation of commercial MEAs was done by evaluating their performance through polarization studies on a single cell, including using pure hydrogen and hydrogen containing various concentrations of CO as fuel, and to study the performance of the MEAs at various operating temperatures. The durability of the MEAs was evaluated by carrying out long term studies with a fixed load, temperature cycling and open circuit voltage degradation. Among the parameters studied, significant loss in the performance of the MEAs was noted during temperature cycling. The effect of temperature cycling on the performance of the cell showed that the performance decreases with increasing no. of cycles. This could be due to leaching of acid from the cell or loss of electrochemically active surface area caused by Pt particle size growth. For example at 160°C, a performance loss of 3.5% was obtained after the first cycle, but after the fourth cycle a huge loss of 80.8% was obtained. The in-house MEAs with Pt-based binary catalysts as anodes were studied for CO tolerance, performance and durability. A comparison of polarization curves between commercial and in-house MEAs illustrated that commercial MEA gave better performance, obtaining 0.52 A/cm² at 0.5V and temperature of 160°C, with in-house giving 0.39A/cm² using same parameters as commercial. The CO tolerance of both commercial and in-house MEA was found to be similar. In order to increase the CO tolerance of the in-house MEAs, Pt based binary catalysts were employed as anodesand the performance was investigated In-house MEAs with Pt/C and Pt-based binary catalysts were compared and a better performance was observed for Pt/C than Pt-alloy catalysts with Pt-Co/C showing comparable performance. At 0.5 V the performance obtained was 0.39 A/cm2 for Pt/C, and 0.34A/cm²,0.28A/cm²,0.27A/cm² and 0.16A/cm² were obtained for Pt-Co/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Cu/C and Pt-Ni respectively. When the binary catalysts were tested for CO tolerance, Pt-Co showed no significant loss in performance when hydrogen containing CO was used as anode fuel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed delamination between the electrodes and membrane of the tested and untested MEA's. Membrane thinning was noted and carbon corrosion was observed from the tested micro-porous layer between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL).

Neste trabalho, um eletrodo compósito à base de grafite e poliuretana (EGPU) 60% (grafite, m/m) foi avaliado quanto ao seu potencial para determinação dos antibióticos da família das tetraciclinas em amostras de água natural, de urina bovina e humana, e em amostras de leite bovino e humano. Visando desenvolver métodos simples, de baixo custo e com baixa geração de resíduos, o eletrodo foi usado sem modificação, para atender a estes propósitos e considerando os níveis de concentração das tetraciclinas nas amostras biológicas. A otimização dos parâmetros em voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV) foi realizada para a determinação dos antibióticos tetraciclina (TC), oxitetraciclina (OTC) e clortetraciclina (CTC) em tampão fosfato 0,10 mol L-1 pH 2,3, permitindo atingir limites de detecção de 2,6 µmol L-1, 1,7 µmol L-1 e 0,82 µmol L-1, respectivamente, sem a necessidade de renovação da superfície, entre as medidas sucessivas. Durante as determinações de TC e OTC em amostras de água natural e purificada, foram observadas recuperações entre 92,6% e 100%, após etapa de pré-concentração. As amostras de urina foram acidificadas, em seguida centrifugadas para a remoção de partículas sólidas e proteínas. A TC e OTC foram determinadas diretamente, na amostra de urina tratada e diluída em tampão fosfato 0,10 mol L-1 pH 2,3. Durante a determinação de TC e OTC nas amostras de urina, após o preparo da amostra, foram obtidas recuperações entre 96% e 100%. As amostras de leite bovino e humano foram intencionalmente contaminadas com TC. Após preparo das amostras, estas foram submetidas à extração, usando cartucho para extração em fase sólida (SPE). Após eluição e retomada do analito retido no cartucho, a quantidade de TC presente nas amostras foi determinada pelo método de adição de padrão, usando DPV, com EGPU 60% (grafite, m/m). Foram obtidas recuperações entre 76% e 103% para as amostras de leite bovino e recuperações entre 91% e 100 % para as amostras de leite humano, que mostram que o eletrodo proposto pode ser usado neste tipo de determinação com as características postuladas acima. / A bare graphite-polyurethane composite electrode 60% (graphite, m/m) (GPUE) was evaluated in the determination of tetracycline (TC) class antibiotics in natural water as well as, in human and bovine urine and in milk samples. Thus, a DPV procedure was optimized for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) antibiotics in phosphate buffer 0.10 mol L-1 pH 2.3, resulting in LOD of 2.6 µmol L-1, 1.7 µmol L-1 and 0.82 µmol L-1, respectively. During the determination of TC and OTC in the water samples, recoveries between 92.6 and 100% were found, after pre-concentration stage. The urine samples were submitted to acidification followed by centrifugation to remove solids and proteins. During the determination of TC and OTC in urine samples, after pre-treatment of urine, recoveries between 96 and 100% were found. The composite electrode was also evaluated in the determination of TC in the bovine and human milk samples. During the determination of TC in milk, recoveries between 76 and 103% were found for bovine milk and recoveries between 91 and 100% were found for human milk after pre-concentration stage, showing the feasibility of the procedure.

全文ファイル差し替え（2021.07.28） / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第22132号 / エネ博第400号 / 新制||エネ||77(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 理加, 教授 佐川 尚, 教授 野平 俊之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22335号 / 医博第4576号 / 新制||医||1041(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山下 潤, 教授 岩田 想, 教授 木村 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13407号 / 論工博第4193号 / 新制||工||1762(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 安部 武志, 教授 作花 哲夫, 教授 阿部 竜 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

.Tato diplomová práce se zabývá elektrochemickými procesy v lítium-iontových bateriích. Pro charakterizaci různých elektrochemických procesů se používá metoda nazývaná elektrochemická impedanční spektroskopie (EIS). V prvních kapitolách jsou popsány různé typy baterií a jejich rozdíly. Práce také obsahuje popis experimentálního zařízení používaného pro EIS. Součástí práce je také porovnání experimentálního zařízení a zařízení od společnosti BioLogic Science Instruments.

This doctoral dissertation deals with the study of the effect of additives on the properties of the negative electrode of a lead-acid battery. The work focuses on the investigation of the additive/base material interface for the negative electrode (so-called active mass) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A lead sheet was used as the base material, on which the given additive was applied. The effects of carbon, TiO2, glass fibers and Indulin AT were specifically investigated. The negative electrode was cycled by a potentiostat in a defined manner and the morphology of the electrode surface was continuously scanned by AFM. This created a time sequence of images on which events on the surface of the electrode during its charging/discharging were captured. These records serve to better understand the effect of additives on the resulting properties of constructed lead-acid cells, specifically on the ability to form or dissolve PbSO4 crystals, which are formed during cell discharge and are responsible for the decrease in total capacity - gradual surface sulfation.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第22795号 / エネ博第409号 / 新制||エネ||78(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 理加, 教授 佐川 尚, 教授 野平 俊之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM