The purpose of this work is (1) to investigate the discourse structure of email discussions, and (2) to investigate the suitability of Conversation Analysis (CA) and Discourse Analysis (DA) for the analysis of email discussion data. The study uses naturally occurring email discussion data from publicly available archives. Radio and newspaper discussion data are used for companson. The discourse map is developed to represent mUlti-party multi-topic asynchronous discussions. Tum-taking is investigated using CA, and a set of rules proposed for tum-taking in email discussions: the main difference from spoken conversation is the absence of priority for speaker selection, such that any speaker can self-select at any time. Utterance pairs are also investigated using CA, focusing on openings and closings and on question/answer pairs. Openings and closings are varied and optional, and do not occur in pairs. Questions and answers often occur in paired structures. Strategies for linking utterances in the absence of adjacency are identified. To investigate longer sequences, selected whole discussion threads are analysed using the exchange rank taken from the DA framework. Email-specific features include multiple responses to one initiate, and single messages responding to more than one earlier message. Additionally, multiple initiates and/or responses can be found in a single email message. Repair in email discussions does not need to deal with troubles arising from real-time spoken interaction, but all four types of self- and other-initiated self- and otherrepair are found, as well as refusal to repair. Finally, the elements of a model for the investigation of the discourse of email discussions are presented and the methods of analysis evaluated. CA provides a flexible approach which leads to the illumination of major aspects of the data. The use ofDA presents problems, some of which are inherent in the framework, and some of which spring from the complexity of turns in email discussions. A major influence on the structure of email discussions is that they are managed locally and interactionally by the participants themselves.

TITLE The Use of Celebrity Endorsement with the Help of Electronic Communication Channel (Instagram): Case Study of Magnum Ice Cream Thailand RESEARCH QUESTION How does the use of celebrity endorsement with the help of electronic communication channel (Social media: Instagram) affect the buying behavior of generation Y consumers in Thailand? STRATEGIC QUESTION How can marketers use this marketing technique in an effective way to increase the number of consumers? PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this research paper is to describe the buying behavior of generation Y consumers in Thailand with regards to the use of celebrity endorsement through the electronic communication channel (Instagram). METHODOLOGY In this research study, both primary data and existing secondary data are used. A questionnaire of 436 target respondents was taken into account to answer the research question. CONCLUSION The use of celebrity endorsement through Instagram has a low effect on buying behavior of generation Y in Thailand. However, the result shows that this advertising technique easily reach to consumers and help them to know the product.

Quesada, Gonzalez, Mueller & Mueller (2010) have identified that organisations spend at least one-third of their overall budget on procurement of products and services. Hence the importance of reducing procurement costs through an efficient supply chain should be a priority for any senior manager. E-procurement is one of the components that can assist management in streamlining the operations resulting in an efficient supply chain process. The usage of qualitative research for this study ensured that appropriate answers were identified to address the research question and a clear understanding was obtained to establish the factors that affect the adoption of e-procurement technologies. The scope of the research was focused on the suppliers and manufactures of plumbing material in South Africa. The aim of the study was to establish the factors that influence organisation in adopting e-procurement technologies. The data reflected that e-procurement adoption improves organisation’s productivity, ability to better control costs resulting in an efficient and effective supply chain process. This is only possible with the support of senior management, end-user buy-in and allocation of financial resources. The three major findings identified were that e-procurement adoption is driven by internal needs, reduces labour costs and improves customer relations. Possible Future research should examine the influence of other factors such as competitiveness, customer service and organisation size. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / pagibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil) in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2004. / This dissertation focuses on the contribution of electronic communication (e-Communication) to knowledge management. It is based on an empirical survey of knowledge management practitioners in the private, public and NGO sectors in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The major findings of this study are (1) that many knowledge management practitioners have not received any formal training in knowledge management, (2) that for most of them their practices are not informed by explicit knowledge management policies, (3) that there is no culture of sharing knowledge established within particular organisations, and finally (4) that knowledge managers are not using e-learning facilities to keep their knowledge of knowledge management current.

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This dissertation investigates the preparation and electrochemical studies on a series of novel redox active hybrid dendrimers. The author also describes cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) mediated dendrimer self-assembly and their size selection by applying external electrochemical stimulus. In addition to this, a series of redox active, carboxylic acid terminated dendrimers were deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces. The surface interactions between the dendrimers and the metal oxides were characterized by electrochemical, spectroscopic, and atomic force microscopic methods. Additionally, the author describes molecular recognition behavior studies between several redox active guests and cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) in non-aqueous media. Furthermore, the author also describes the preparation and electronic communication studies on a series of bisferrocenylamino triazine derivatives. Three chapters of this dissertation deal with dendrimer applications in several different topics. A general introduction to dendrimers is given in Chapter I, including a short history, dendrimer structural features, synthetic methodologies, and also including their general applications on several different topics. Chapter II describes the preparation and characterization of a series of novel redox active hybrid dendrimers. These dendrimers consist of a ferrocenylamino nucleus and two series of popular dendrons (Fréchet and Newkome type). Interestingly, the microenvironment surrounding the redox residues is finely adjustable by varying the size of these two types of dendrons. Chapter III describes the molecular recognition studies with selected redox active guests and the macrocyclic host CB7 in non-aqueous media. The extremely strong host-guest interaction between CB7 and ferrocenylmethyl-trimethylammonium (FA) in aqueous media experiences a substantial thermodynamic stability loss when transferred to non-aqueous media. In stark contrast to this, the binding behavior between CB7 and the dicationic guest methyl viologen (MV) exhibits less sensitivity to environmental variation. Furthermore, the electrochemical studies were performed under non-aqueous media. In general, host CB7 encapsulation of these redox active guests in non-aqueous media induces different electrochemical behavior compared to that of aqueous media. For instance, the cyclic voltammetric response of CB7 encapsulated FA in DMSO exhibit substantial cathodic potential shift, which is opposite to the behavior in aqueous media. Chapter IV describes CB8 mediated dendrimer self-assembly. A new series of pi-donor containing Newkome type dendrimers were synthesized. These pi-donor containing dendrimers are found to form stable ternary charge transfer complexes with another series of pi-acceptor (viologen) containing dendrimers. Furthermore, one electron reduction of the viologen residue disrupts the charge transfer complexes and leads to the assembly of viologen radical cation dimmers. And, thus, may result in substantial size selection between these two types of dendrimer assemblies. Chapter V describes the exploration of a series of redox active dendrimers bearing multiple carboxylic acids as surface anchoring groups to attach onto the optical transparent semiconductor material ITO coated glass surfaces. The dendrimer derivatized ITO slides were further prepared as working electrodes, and the subsequent electrochemical studies revealed that these dendrimers strongly adsorb onto ITO surfaces. Especially, the ITO electrodes treated with the second generation dendrimer exhibit rather stable electrochemical behavior. The surface coverages of ITO electrodes treated with dendrimers were estimated by current integration. Atomic force microscopic studies provided insights on surface topographical variation before and after the dendrimer deposition. Infrared spectroscopic studies further revealed the chemical interactions between dendrimer carboxylic acid groups and the metal oxide surfaces. Chapter VI describes the preparation of a series of triazine based bisferrocenylamino derivatives. Variable 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic studies clearly indicate that these bisferrocenylamino triazine derivatives exhibit rotamerization phenomena. And, the rotamer coalescence temperatures are mediated by the third substituent group. The X-ray crystallographic analyses disclose the partial double bond character between the amino nitrogen and the triazine carbon, which reveal the structural proof behind the rotamerization phenomena. Furthermore, electrochemical experiments are performed under two sets of experimental conditions. No electronic communication is observed when using the traditional tetrabultylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) as supporting electrolyte. In stark contrast to this, electronic communication between the bisferrocenyl residues is observed when using tetrabultylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TBAB(C6F5)4) as supporting electrolyte. Surprisingly, the electronic communication strength can be mediated by a third substituent group. Computational studies provide insights into the molecular geometry and electronic structure of the mixed valence species. By combining the supporting electrolyte dependant electronic communication behavior, near-IR spectroscopic studies and the computational results, we conclude that, the electronic communication between the bisferrocenyl residues in these investigated triazine derivatives occurs through space metal-metal interactions.

This thesis presents the synthesis and characterisation of a range of heterometallated porphyrin oligomers and other novel 3D π-conjugated porphyrin nanostructures. Subsequently, their physical organic properties were evaluated which revealed some fascinating electronic properties. Chapter 1 summarises some of the work done in the Anderson group on porphyrin nanostructures and reviews the literature regarding heterometallated porphyrin oligomers. In addition it introduces the main concepts and techniques used in the remainder of the thesis. In Chapter 2 the stabilities of a family of four linear porphyrin pentamer complexes are determined by UV-vis-NIR titrations and analysed using chemical double-mutant cycles which reveal that the binding energy of the copper centre to an axial pyridine ligand is -6.2 kJ mol^-1. Subsequently, the Zn-Zn-Cu-Zn-Zn pentamer is used in the synthesis of a heterometallated 10-porphyrin nanoring. Chapter 3 will describe the investigation of quantum interference phenomena in a bis-copper six-porphyrin nanoring by using EPR spectroscopy. We show that the exchange coupling between two spin centres is increased by a factor 4.5 in the ring structure with two parallel coupling pathways as compared to an otherwise identical system with just one coupling path. In Chapter 4 the syntheses of three isomers of the bis-copper 6-porphyrin nanoring are described. DFT calculations have indicated potential destructive interference phenomena in one of the isomers which would allow for the formation of a molecular system with behaviour resembling that of a hypothetical molecular interferometer. Chapter 5 reports on the template-directed synthesis of a π-conjugated 14-porphyrin nanoball. This bicyclic structure consists of two intersecting nanorings of 6 and 10 porphyrin units. Fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy experiments demonstrate that electronic excitation delocalises over the whole 3D π-system within 0.3 ps if the nanoball is bound to its templates or within 5 ps if the nanoball is empty. In Chapter 6 the synthesis and characterisation of a D_4h symmetric analogue of the porphyrin nanoball is described. The structure consists of ten porphyrin units arranged as two perpendicular 6-porphyrin nanorings intersecting at two porphyrins. In the synthesis, a combination of magnesium and zinc porphyrins are used which allows for the introduction of a selective demetallation method crucial for accessing this novel structure.

L'industrie des communications électroniques Thaïlandaises est au milieu d'une transition majeure dans sa réglementation, mais elle a peu d'expérience sur le marché concurrentiel. Dans le cadre d’un marché concurrentiel, la régulation est une fonction de la puissance publique qui tend à établir un compromis entre des objectifs et des valeurs économiques et non économiques. La régulation impose ce compromis aux opérateurs sur le marché par des moyens juridiques. En d’autres termes, il s’agit de la fonction de la puissance publique visant à la satisfaction de besoins collectifs par des activités de nature économique sous un régime concurrentiel. Cela signifie que la régulation serait une fonction qui viserait à construire du marché dans les secteurs qui ont été organisés sous un régime de monopole par l’État. Il s’agit alors d’expliquer le rapport du développement industriel des communications électroniques Thaïlandaises à la politique macroéconomique gouvernementale qui a des connexions solides avec les dirigeants politiques et les arrangements institutionnels. Nous avons présenté l’esprit, la politique et la culture juridique thaïe et permis de préciser les difficultés et les problématiques thaïlandaises qui sont parfois distinctes de la situation en France. / The Thai electronic communications industry is in the midst of a major transition in its regulation but has little experience in the competitive market. In a competitive market, regulation is a function of public authority, which tends to establish a compromise between objectives and economic values as non-economic ones. Regulation imposes this compromise on operators on the market by legal means. In other words, it is the function of public authority to satisfy collective needs by using activities of an economic nature under a competitive regime. This means that regulation would be a function that would aim to build the market in sectors that have been organized under a monopoly regime by the state. It is then to explain how the industrial development of Thai electronic communications is in relation to governmental macroeconomic policy that has strong connections with political leaders and institutional arrangements. We have presented the Thai spirit with its policy and legal culture and clarified the difficulties which are sometimes distinct from the situation in France.

The aim of this thesis is to provide comprehensive information on the possibilities of authentication, combination of authentication factors and the integration of this issue into corporate communication. The work focuses on this issue and specifies the possibilities for obtaining authentication information, analyses the authentication methods, identification and authorization. It examines the applicability of biometric technologies, the principle of their functionality, examples of their use, their impact, the advantages and disadvantages they bring. A natural, easy-to-use, convenient tool for effective and secure communication is authentication including the dynamic biometric signature. The issues of the dynamic biometric signature technology and its implementation are examined from a comprehensive perspective involving experiments. The research proved that the dynamic biometric signature can serve as a method for supporting secure corporate communication and reduce authentication risks in companies and for individuals.

abstract: The 21st-century professional or knowledge worker spends much of the working day engaging others through electronic communication. The modes of communication available to knowledge workers have rapidly increased due to computerized technology advances: conference and video calls, instant messaging, e-mail, social media, podcasts, audio books, webinars, and much more. Professionals who think for a living express feelings of stress about their ability to respond and fear missing critical tasks or information as they attempt to wade through all the electronic communication that floods their inboxes. Although many electronic communication tools compete for the attention of the contemporary knowledge worker, most professionals use an electronic personal information management (PIM) system, more commonly known as an e-mail application and often the ubiquitous Microsoft Outlook program. The aim of this research was to provide knowledge workers with solutions to manage the influx of electronic communication that arrives daily by studying the workers in their working environment. This dissertation represents a quest to understand the current strategies knowledge workers use to manage their e-mail, and if modification of e-mail management strategies can have an impact on productivity and stress levels for these professionals. Today’s knowledge workers rarely work entirely alone, justifying the importance of also exploring methods to improve electronic communications within teams. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018