Sammanfattning Kurs: Ämnesfördjupande arbete i logistik, 2FE25E. Författare: Matilda Engblom, Jonas Holmberg och Max Husell Handledare: Helena Forslund Titel: Effekter på användningen av webb-EDI i en operativ inköpsprocess - En fallstudie på Svenssons i Lammhult Bakgrund: Electronic data interchange (EDI), är ett hjälpmedel som underlättar och standardiserar informationsflödet mellan företag som använder sig utav olika affärssystem. Effektivisering av administrativa processer är ett mål med EDI. Grunden är en automatisk generering, överföring och mottagning av information. I en operativ inköpsprocess sker flera steg av informationsutbyte. Där leverantörssamarbeten och väl fungerande logistik är två viktiga framgångsfaktorer. Den operativa inköpsprocessen kan beskrivas som en sjustegs aktivitetsmodell som repetitivt upprepar sig vid varje inköp. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga den operativa inköpsprocessen på Svenssons i Lammhult och se till vilka upplevda problem som kan underlättas med hjälpa av en webbEDI-implementering samt, se till vilka effekter en användning av webb-EDI kan ge. Metod: Denna fallstudie har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats. Studien har ett positivistiskt synsätt och en fallstudiedesign. I studien har det gjorts en mönsterjämförelse mellan teori och insamlad empiri. Slutsats: Studien har studerat effekter som kan nås av webb-EDI. Utifrån teoretiskt och empiriskt material har slutsatsen gjorts att effekter kring säkerhet, effektivisering, felminimering, arbetsbesparing och automatisering kan uppnås. Uppfattningen av förväntat utfall kring leverantörer som ska ingå i en webb-EDI-implementering matchar vad teori och EDI-leverantörer säger att man kan förvänta sig. Författarna menar att med denna undersökning som stöd, bör fortsatt arbete kring implementering av webb-EDI göras hos Svenssons i Lammhult. Det finns ett antal olika typer av webb-EDI-lösningar vilket ger olika valmöjligheter. Rekommendationen är att leta efter en universallösning likt de som tagits upp i studien där en EDI-leverantör kan erbjuda en webb-EDI-lösning som både erbjuder full integration men även leverantörsportaler. Nyckelord: Webb-EDI, Electronic Data Interchange, Inköp, inköpsprocess, Operativt inköp, Implementering, effekter av webb-EDI, Processkartläggning

Inom offentlig sektor i Sverige finns stora brister vid inköp- och avtalsuppföljning. Det är vanligt att inköp sker utanför ramavtal och det kan bero på att myndigheter saknar ett digitaliserat system för uppföljning. Genom digitalisering av inköp- och fakturahanteringsprocesser kan inköpsuppföljning göras effektivare och generera i stora besparingar.  Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och förklara hur elektroniska fakturan påverkar inköpsaktiviteter inom offentlig sektor samt att identifiera om egenskaperna hos elektroniska fakturan kan bidra till ökad avtalstrohet. En undersökning är genomförd med ett resultat på hur elektronisk faktura används inom offentlig sektor och är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod och jämförande analys. En litteraturstudie mynnade ut i en analysmodell som utgjorde grunden till en intervjuguide. Primärdata är insamlad genom intervjuer med tre svenska kommuner, datakällorna har sedan jämförts mot varandra och analysmodellen.  Undersökningen visar att elektroniska fakturans information har en stor påverkan på inköpsuppföljning i offentlig sektor. Informationen används för att få fram rapporter och statistik om inköp för att kunna planera och ta beslut om framtida inköp och upphandlingar. Elektroniska fakturan påverkar även avtalstroheten genom att myndigheter får kontroll över vad de egentligen köper. Identifierade nyttofaktorer hos elektroniska fakturan som har direkt påverkan på inköpsuppföljningsaktiviteter är korrekt, samlad, sökbar och detaljerad faktura. Elektroniska fakturan förser myndigheter med en bred information och för att inköpsuppföljning ska vara möjlig krävs ett digitaliserat system där fakturor samlas och kontrolleras för att korrekta rapporter ska kunna sökas fram.

The diploma thesis deals with three aspects of operational part of CRM -- sales force automation, telephone sales (contact centers) and e-business. The thesis studies the influence of these three aspects on the firm's productivity. The diploma thesis links to the company Plzensky Prazdroj a.s., which provided the data. Practical contribution of the thesis is an evaluation of current business model of Plzensky Prazdroj and a proposal of a new e-business strategy for this company.

The subject of the master’s thesis is the implementation of ICT product in logistic department of enterprise which uses the lean production. The current situation is analyzed the analysis of enterprise economic status is provided and Lean Manufacturing-oriented logistics ICT products are described. The two leading ICT products which could help to optimize the logistics processes are compared, the system requirements and bottlenecks expected are determined.

A dissertação a seguir submete à apreciação uma sugestão inovadora de um modelo de plataforma para a automação dos processos, trocas de informações e documentos eletrônicos utilizando o EDI - Electronic Data Interchange, entre empresas envolvidas no processo do Gerenciamento da Cadeia de Suprimentos (SCM - Supply Chain Management), visando a redução de custos e eliminação das etapas operacionais; ações que se tornam fundamentais para a sobrevivência e crescimento em um mundo globalizado e competitivo. Na parte inicial, apresenta-se a atual situação do Comércio Exterior Brasileiro; seu crescimento ao longo dos anos, sua relevância frente aos mercados internacionais e a participação das empresas brasileiras nesse cenário. Na seqüência, são apresentados os conceitos do SCM e a evolução da logística, inserindo os detalhes do EDI, sua utilização para a automação dos processos mercantil e logístico. Como exemplo, foram incluídos comentários sobre as iniciativas do Governo Brasileiro na utilização da Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e), cuja finalidade foi automatizar o processo mercantil das empresas e diminuir a sonegação fiscal. A seguir, há a apresentação da pesquisa, realizada com 38 (trinta e oito) - entre as 500 (quinhentas) empresas de maior faturamento do Brasil - com a finalidade de demonstrar os benefícios, a satisfação e o nível de automação após a utilização do EDI dentro das áreas mercantil, logística e financeira dessas empresas. Algumas informações como, por exemplo, o aumento das vendas e a diminuição da falta de produtos nas prateleiras (ruptura de gôndola), entre outros resultados, também mereceram destaque, uma vez que, segundo a pesquisa, esses indicadores foram melhorados através da utilização do EDI. Finalmente, para concluir, é sugerido um modelo de plataforma utilizando o EDI e a TI - Tecnologia da Informação, com a finalidade de automatizar ainda mais os processos existentes nas empresas, aumentando a eficiência nos processos de negócio no âmbito nacional e internacional, nos diferentes níveis de relacionamento, seja com clientes, fornecedores, governo e outras empresas. O modelo de plataforma sugerido contempla a utilização de várias tecnologias distintas, tornando-as disponíveis a diferentes empresas independente do porte. / The present work suggests an innovative idea about a new model of a platform proceedings automation, sharing electronic information and documents making use of the EDI - Electronic Data Interchange, between companies on SCM - Supply Chain Management, focusing costs reducing and eliminating operational processes steps, crucial to survival and growth in a globalized and competitiveness world. At beginning, it makes an analysis about Brazilian\'s Foreign Commerce scenario, its growth in a period of two years, its relevance facing international market and Brazilians company\'s market share on the scenario. In the sequence, it brings some concepts about SCM and logistics\' evolution, including details of EDI, its automation use to mercantile and logistics processes. Moreover, as an example, it brings comments about initiatives of Brazilian\'s Government about the use of electronic invoice (NF-e) that is used to automatize mercantile processes for companies reducing misappropriation. Following, it shows a market resource carried out with 38 (thirty eight) of 500 biggest Brazilian companies concerning benefits, satisfaction and automation levels using the EDI in the following areas: mercantile, logistics and financial areas of those companies. Some information like sales growth and reduction of products\' needs on the shelves among results deserved attention, because according to the resource all of those indicators were improved through the use of EDI. Finally, the present work suggests a model of using EDI and IT (Information Technology), to the effect of automatizing all the processes in the companies, increasing efficiency in the business process, with clients, suppliers, government and other companies, domestic and international market. The use of many different technologies are regarded on the platform\'s model, this make it available for companies with different sizes.

A dissertação a seguir submete à apreciação uma sugestão inovadora de um modelo de plataforma para a automação dos processos, trocas de informações e documentos eletrônicos utilizando o EDI - Electronic Data Interchange, entre empresas envolvidas no processo do Gerenciamento da Cadeia de Suprimentos (SCM - Supply Chain Management), visando a redução de custos e eliminação das etapas operacionais; ações que se tornam fundamentais para a sobrevivência e crescimento em um mundo globalizado e competitivo. Na parte inicial, apresenta-se a atual situação do Comércio Exterior Brasileiro; seu crescimento ao longo dos anos, sua relevância frente aos mercados internacionais e a participação das empresas brasileiras nesse cenário. Na seqüência, são apresentados os conceitos do SCM e a evolução da logística, inserindo os detalhes do EDI, sua utilização para a automação dos processos mercantil e logístico. Como exemplo, foram incluídos comentários sobre as iniciativas do Governo Brasileiro na utilização da Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e), cuja finalidade foi automatizar o processo mercantil das empresas e diminuir a sonegação fiscal. A seguir, há a apresentação da pesquisa, realizada com 38 (trinta e oito) - entre as 500 (quinhentas) empresas de maior faturamento do Brasil - com a finalidade de demonstrar os benefícios, a satisfação e o nível de automação após a utilização do EDI dentro das áreas mercantil, logística e financeira dessas empresas. Algumas informações como, por exemplo, o aumento das vendas e a diminuição da falta de produtos nas prateleiras (ruptura de gôndola), entre outros resultados, também mereceram destaque, uma vez que, segundo a pesquisa, esses indicadores foram melhorados através da utilização do EDI. Finalmente, para concluir, é sugerido um modelo de plataforma utilizando o EDI e a TI - Tecnologia da Informação, com a finalidade de automatizar ainda mais os processos existentes nas empresas, aumentando a eficiência nos processos de negócio no âmbito nacional e internacional, nos diferentes níveis de relacionamento, seja com clientes, fornecedores, governo e outras empresas. O modelo de plataforma sugerido contempla a utilização de várias tecnologias distintas, tornando-as disponíveis a diferentes empresas independente do porte. / The present work suggests an innovative idea about a new model of a platform proceedings automation, sharing electronic information and documents making use of the EDI - Electronic Data Interchange, between companies on SCM - Supply Chain Management, focusing costs reducing and eliminating operational processes steps, crucial to survival and growth in a globalized and competitiveness world. At beginning, it makes an analysis about Brazilian\'s Foreign Commerce scenario, its growth in a period of two years, its relevance facing international market and Brazilians company\'s market share on the scenario. In the sequence, it brings some concepts about SCM and logistics\' evolution, including details of EDI, its automation use to mercantile and logistics processes. Moreover, as an example, it brings comments about initiatives of Brazilian\'s Government about the use of electronic invoice (NF-e) that is used to automatize mercantile processes for companies reducing misappropriation. Following, it shows a market resource carried out with 38 (thirty eight) of 500 biggest Brazilian companies concerning benefits, satisfaction and automation levels using the EDI in the following areas: mercantile, logistics and financial areas of those companies. Some information like sales growth and reduction of products\' needs on the shelves among results deserved attention, because according to the resource all of those indicators were improved through the use of EDI. Finally, the present work suggests a model of using EDI and IT (Information Technology), to the effect of automatizing all the processes in the companies, increasing efficiency in the business process, with clients, suppliers, government and other companies, domestic and international market. The use of many different technologies are regarded on the platform\'s model, this make it available for companies with different sizes.

The growth of eCommerce is being hampered by a lack of trust between providers and consumers of Web-based services. While Web trust issues have been addressed by researchers in many disciplines, a comprehensive approach has yet to be established. This thesis proposes a conceptual trust-profiling framework???W3TF???which addresses issues of trust and user confidence through a range of new user-centred trust measures???trust categories, trust domains, transitivity of trust, fading factor analysis, standalone assessment, hyperlinked assessment and relevance assessment. While others now use the concept of transitivity of trust, it was first introduced by this research in 1998. The thesis also illustrates how W3TF can narrow the gap/disconnection between the hierarchical PKI trust environment and the horizontal Web referral environment. The framework incorporates existing measures of trust (such as Public Key Infrastructure), takes account of consumer perceptions by identifying trust attributes, and utilises Web technology (in the form of metadata), to create a practical, flexible and comprehensive approach to trust assessment. The versatility of the W3TF is demonstrated by applying it to a variety of cases from trust literature and to the hypothetical case study that provided the initial stimulus for this research. It is shown that the framework can be expanded to accommodate new trust attributes, categories and domains, and that trust can be ???weighed??? (and therefore evaluated) by using various mathematical formulae based on different theories and policies. The W3TF addresses identified needs, narrows the gaps in existing approaches and provides a mechanism to embrace current and future efforts in trust management. The framework is a generic form of trust assessment that can help build user confidence in an eCommerce environment. For service providers, it offers an incentive to create websites with a high number of desired trust attributes. For consumers, it enables more reliable judgments to be made. Hence, Web trust can be enhanced.

published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

The growth of eCommerce is being hampered by a lack of trust between providers and consumers of Web-based services. While Web trust issues have been addressed by researchers in many disciplines, a comprehensive approach has yet to be established. This thesis proposes a conceptual trust-profiling framework???W3TF???which addresses issues of trust and user confidence through a range of new user-centred trust measures???trust categories, trust domains, transitivity of trust, fading factor analysis, standalone assessment, hyperlinked assessment and relevance assessment. While others now use the concept of transitivity of trust, it was first introduced by this research in 1998. The thesis also illustrates how W3TF can narrow the gap/disconnection between the hierarchical PKI trust environment and the horizontal Web referral environment. The framework incorporates existing measures of trust (such as Public Key Infrastructure), takes account of consumer perceptions by identifying trust attributes, and utilises Web technology (in the form of metadata), to create a practical, flexible and comprehensive approach to trust assessment. The versatility of the W3TF is demonstrated by applying it to a variety of cases from trust literature and to the hypothetical case study that provided the initial stimulus for this research. It is shown that the framework can be expanded to accommodate new trust attributes, categories and domains, and that trust can be ???weighed??? (and therefore evaluated) by using various mathematical formulae based on different theories and policies. The W3TF addresses identified needs, narrows the gaps in existing approaches and provides a mechanism to embrace current and future efforts in trust management. The framework is a generic form of trust assessment that can help build user confidence in an eCommerce environment. For service providers, it offers an incentive to create websites with a high number of desired trust attributes. For consumers, it enables more reliable judgments to be made. Hence, Web trust can be enhanced.

The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the use of Helios Orange in the context of a specific company. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part describes the history of accounting and developments in the technology of bookkeeping, the development of ERP systems, related legislation and selected possibilities of electronic data interchange. In the practical part, the company PNEU PROCHÁZKA s.r.o. is firstly described. Selected most used modules of Helios Orange are then further discribed and evaluated including the possibilities of change in their use.