Lightning conductor system investigation Grounding system experiment Franlin rod system investigation.

Topicality of the problem. GSM mobile networks are very widely used in the world and the number of GSM users exceeds 10^9. In the last decade, the GSM/GPRS network has been very rapidly expanded in Lithuania as well. Coverage of the network has reached 99 % of territory of the country. Load of the network in largest cities reaches up to several hundred Erlangs for square kilometre. Voice traffic still generates the largest part of the network load, however mobile data traffic also grows rapidly. Radio interface between the user of mobile services and the network is not stationary. The received QoS of every user in different places is different. Even in a single cell, radio link characteristics differ in different parts of the cell. The signal level may easily vary about 10–20 dB just within several or tens of meters. Moreover, a mobile user experiences different link conditions while moving in the natural environment within or between cells. However, historically characteristics of QoS of mobile services are measured and evaluated like the ones of the fixed network using statistical methods. Statistically calculated characteristics of QoS do not include information about the received quality of mobile telecommunication services of every individual user. Conception of the received quality of services of individual users (individual QoS – iQoS) in the GSM/GPRS network has not been analysed in the world before. QoS should be measured not only at the network level, as it is... [to full text]

Topicality of the problem. GSM mobile networks are very widely used in the world and the number of GSM users exceeds 10^9. In the last decade, the GSM/GPRS network has been very rapidly expanded in Lithuania as well. Coverage of the network has reached 99 % of territory of the country. Load of the network in largest cities reaches up to several hundred Erlangs for square kilometre. Voice traffic still generates the largest part of the network load, however mobile data traffic also grows rapidly. Radio interface between the user of mobile services and the network is not stationary. The received QoS of every user in different places is different. Even in a single cell, radio link characteristics differ in different parts of the cell. The signal level may easily vary about 10–20 dB just within several or tens of meters. Moreover, a mobile user experiences different link conditions while moving in the natural environment within or between cells. However, historically characteristics of QoS of mobile services are measured and evaluated like the ones of the fixed network using statistical methods. Statistically calculated characteristics of QoS do not include information about the received quality of mobile telecommunication services of every individual user. Conception of the received quality of services of individual users (individual QoS – iQoS) in the GSM/GPRS network has not been analysed in the world before. QoS should be measured not only at the network level, as it is... [to full text]

More strict control quality requirements are raised to the synthesis of modern algorithmic control systems which can not be satisfied by using classical methods of systems synthesis. Also, the usage of them sometimes becomes impossible, e.g. in cases when a mathematical model of the control object is described by means of complex differential equations or in cases when the model itself is unknown. By applying the suggested synthesis methods of quasi-optimal and variable structure systems as well as algorithms, it is possible to avoid disadvantages common with classical synthesis methods.

Daugumoje kompiuterinės regos sistemų yra svarbu identifikuoti kadro dalis kaip foną ar objektą. Jei yra įmanoma atskirti objektą nuo fono, tokios operacijos kaip atpažinimas, identifikavimas ir sekimas, gali būti taikomos šiam objektui. Fono atėmimas yra gana populiarus metodas išskirti pirmame plane esančius objektus ir foną. Šiuo metodu esamas kadras palyginamas su atraminiu fono kadru, po ko priimamas sprendimas, kuris kadro taškas priklauso fonui, o kuris dominančiam objektui. Šiame darbe siūlomas prisitaikantis fono modelio apskaičiavimo metodas. Metodo esmė yra tame, kad kiekvieno taško reikšmės pasirodymo laikas yra išsaugomas atmintyje ir naudojamas fono vaizdo, naudojamo fono ir kadro skirtumo operacijoje, atnaujinimui. Tikimasi, kad šis metodas gerai veiks vaizdo sekose, kuriose pavaizduoti miesto peizažo elemetai. Šis metodas tikriausiai neduos gerų rezultatų kadruose, kur objektai yra tos pačios spalvos, kaip ir juos supantis fonas. / In many computer vision systems it is important to classify parts of an image sequence as foreground or background. If it is possible to detect a foreground object further operations, such as recognition, identification or tracking, can be done on that object. Background subtraction is a particularly popular method to segment foreground and background. With this method the current image is compared with reference image of the background, and then the decision is made what is background and what is not by looking for changes at each pixel. In this thesis the adaptive background model calculation method is proposed. The key of the method is that the time of appearance of each pixel’s value is stored in memory and recalled later to update the background image used in subtraction operation to compute foreground objects. It is expected that this method will work well in ordinary image sequences where the foreground objects are the elements of urban scenery. The method probably will not work as well for objects which are of one color as the background because these pixels will be marked as background.

<p> In recent years, human society has entered the age of big data. With the rapid development of information sciences and technology, many businesses and industries have undergone great changes. While the scale of the enterprises is increasing, production technology, production equipments and industrial processes are becoming more and more complex. As a consequence, traditional methods for analyzing and controlling the system, which need to establish mathematical models based on physical and chemical mechanisms, have become infeasible. Due to modern digital sensor, digital storage, digital communication and processing technologies and their universal applications, these enterprises generate a vast amount of data on a daily basis, which reflect various information about the system dynamics. How to effectively use these online and offline data to combine data mining, pattern recognition and computer technologies with control theory and systems engineering, has become a very important issue that needs to be addressed. </p><p> The aim of our work is to develop some data-based methods not only for system analysis, but also for nonlinear systems control under the condition of no explicit mathematical models. The study on system properties is an important topic in control theory and systems engineering. We first develop a series of data-based methods for analyzing the state/output controllability and state observability, the stability of the equilibrium point, the input-to-state stability as well as the input-to-output stability of linear discrete-time systems, which have unknown parameter matrices. These data-based methods only use measured data to compute the state/output controllability matrices and the state observability matrix, in order to verify the corresponding properties. Compared with the traditional model-based approaches, which have to identify the system parameter matrices, they have the advantages of higher calculation precision and lower computational complexity. We then develop some data-based methods to analyze the stability of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems, which have unknown mathematical models. These methods also study the domain of attraction for the asymptotically stable equilibrium point, by using the measured state data. </p><p> After system analysis, we give a direct data-based output feedback control (DDBOFC) method for a class of nonlinear systems, which have unknown mathematical models. This method is characterized by the low requirement for the priori knowledge about the system dynamics, and it studies the control problem in two stages. In the first stage, we assumed that there are not measurement noises or process noises in the measured data. We apply a fast sampling technique to measure the output signal, which contains information about the nonlinear system. The zero-order hold (ZOH) as well as the control switch are also applied to collect system information. Then, the corresponding Jacobian matrices are calculated according to these sampled output data, and the feedback gain matrix is calculated and adjusted based on these Jacobian matrices. Theoretical analysis on the convergence and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of this DDBOFC method. In the second stage, we study the case where there are measurement noises in the sampled output data. We still apply the fast sampling, the ZOH and the control switch for information collection. This method applies a data-based least squares estimation (DBLSE) algorithm to obtain the best unbiased estimators of corresponding Jacobian matrices, based on which the feedback gain matrix is calculated and adjusted. Also, we present theoretical analysis and computer simulation to demonstrate the feasibility.</p><p> The last part of this thesis is an indirect data-based output feedback control (IDBOFC) method for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems, which have unknown mathematical models. This IDBOFC method is also based on some prior knowledge about the system. We first use the neural network and historical I/O data to establish an equivalent model, which approximates the original system. Then, with this approximate model and the measured output data, we use a nonlinear programming method to estimate the corresponding Jacobian matrices. The feedback controller is designed in real-time according to these Jacobian matrices, which can drive the output signal to its desired value. </p>

The optimizator of the microprocessor is designed in this final work. The optimizator is based on the AT90S8535 controller. Introduction reviews the peculiarities of the Optimizers design. The analytical part deals with the goals of the exploration of the optimizator. The description of optimization algorithms is presented. Also different types of optimizers, their features and scope of appliance in the technological process of optimization are inspected in this part particle. The rated part of the work consists of the designed solutions, the functional scheme of microprocessor optimizator is designed, as well as the principal electrical scheme and the analysis of the rectangular simplex algorithm. The rectangular simplex method is compared with other methods of search.

The principal of works means and reception of the solution, used for the investigation of rails flaw do not change. Even the newest microprocessor systems of rails’ flaw detection which is found in the latest year uses the simplest criteria’s, that are the amplitude of the reflected ultrasound signal and delaying time. While computer and microprocessor technology improves, the means of numerical measurement and possibilities of processing data, that is signals capable to measure the large majority of the more difficult structure and the algorithm or functions, are found out. The widest classification of the objects is used for identifications’ solution based on separating random processes. The acoustic diagnostic of engines and mechanics, sound and ultrasound defectoscopy, and objects’ identification in accordance with spread signals’ of noise that are in the random background and etc. are named in all those areas where the method of random processes’ classification is suitable.

This report is about relays defence end systemic automatics of Lithuania electricity network. There is analysed relays defence end systemic automatics installations work, reason of deteriorations end incorrectly coordination. Comparing difference generations relay defences and systematic automatics equipments changing of prices tendency. Summarized difference generations relay defences and systematic automatics equipments prices-quality-function possibility relation. In this research summarized Lithuanian electrical system RAA service work. One of the research purposes, establish microprocessors RAA equipments planting in electrical system possibility, on its base carrying out RAA equipments reconstruction necessity and ground this necessity on economical calculations. Collected statistical data was summarized and drawed corresponded conclusions. Analysed electrical wind power stations influence to relay defences and to optimal systematic automatics coordination.

Kalinauskis T. Teksto redagavimo programų valdymas žvilgsniu: Elektronikos inžinerijos magistro darbas/ mokslinis vadovas doc. dr. G. Daunys; Šiaulių universitetas, technologijos fakultetas, Elektronikos inžinerijos katedra, – Šiauliai, 2007. – 76p. Žmogus, dėl įvairių priežasči�� praradęs galimybę valdyti jį supančią aplinką, praradęs galimybę bendrauti su kitais žmonėmis, susiduria su daugeliu problemų. Dažnai asmenys, negalintys judėti ar kalbėti, tampa atstumtaisiais, izoliuotais nuo visuomenės ir pan. Tokiais atvejais jie jaučiasi nenaudingi, priklausomi nuo aplinkinių. Neįgalių žmonių problema yra visuomenės problema, kurią reikia spręsti. Tekstui rinkti ir redaguoti Microsoft Word programoje buvo sukurta žvilgsniu valdoma WordControl programa skirta neįgaliesiems, turintiems didelę negalią, t.y. visiškai negalintiems judėti. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Šiaulių universiteto kompiuterių klasėje. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamas „LC Technologies Eyegaze System“ kompiuteris. Tyrime dalyvavo 20 – 50 metų amžiaus tiriamieji. Atliktas tyrimas padėjo išsiaiškinti, koks yra teksto spausdinimo greitis bei daromų klaidų skaičius panaudojant skirtingus teksto rinkimo ir redagavimo metodus. / Kalinauskis T. Control of Text Editing programs by Eye Gaze: Master thesis of electronics engineer/ research advisor doc. dr. G. Daunys; Šiauliai University, Technological Faculty, Electronics Engineering Department. – Šiauliai, 2007. – 76p. A human being, who has lost a possibility to control surrounding environment because of different reasons and to communicate with other people, faces many problems. Frequently, the people, who can not move or speak, become isolated from society and similarly. In such cases they feel themselves unhelpful, dependent on the people round about. The problem of the disabled people is the problem of society, which needs to be solved. To print and edit text in Microsoft Word programme, Word Control programme for the disabled was created, i.e., the people, who have a big disability, i.e. cannot move at all. The research was carried out at a computer class of Šiauliai University. A computer “LC Technologies Eye gaze System” was used for the research. The researched of 20-50 years old have participated in the research. The made research made to clear out what is printing speed and the number of made mistakes using different printing and editing methods.