Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des Décharges à Barrières Diélectrique (DBD) pulsées de volume et de surface ont été étudiées expérimentalement, dans le but de les appliquer respectivement à la précipitation électrostatique de particules submicroniques et à la régénération de surface.La caractérisation des DBD pulsées a consisté à effectuer des mesures électriques (courant, énergie) et optiques (imagerie ICCD), afin d'observer l'influence des paramètres électriques et géométriques, ainsi que des matériaux utilisés, sur les propriétés de la décharge. Il en ressort que pour les deux types de DBD (surface et volume), le courant présente deux pics durant les fronts montant et descendant du pulse de tension, et que les deux décharges ont des aspects différents (filamentaire ou diffus).Concernant la précipitation électrostatique, l'efficacité de collecte des électrofiltres a été déterminée par des mesures granulométriques. Les résultats montrent que celle-ci est influencée par les paramètres électriques et géométriques des électrofiltres. Une caractérisation des phénomènes EHD au sein des électrofiltres par métrologie optique (LDV et PIV) a été effectuée afin de comprendre les mécanismes de charge et de dérive des particules.Ensuite, la régénération de surface a été étudiée en analysant les images de la surface polluée, avant et après le traitement. Les résultats révèlent que les performances de la régénération sont influencées par les paramètres électriques, géométriques et les matériaux des réacteurs DBD. Les mécanismes de la régénération ont été analysés en relevant l'évolution de la taille et la concentration des particules générées lors du processus de régénération. / As part of this thesis, volume and surface pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) were investigated experimentally for applications in the electrostatic precipitation of submicron particles and surface regeneration, respectively. First, the characterization of pulsed DBDs consisted of performing electrical measurements (current, power) and optical measurements (ICCD imaging) in order to observe the influence of electrical and geometrical parameters as well as materials on the properties of the discharge. It is demonstrated that for both types of DBD (surface and volume), the current has two peaks during the rising and falling times of the voltage pulse, corresponding to distinct streamer and glow discharge regimes, respectively.Next, the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitation (ESP) was determined by granulometric measurements. The results show that the efficiency is influenced by the electrical and geometrical parameters of the precipitator. A characterization of EFD phenomena was performed inside the precipitator by optical metrology (LDV and PIV) to understand the mechanisms of charge and particle drift. Finally, surface regeneration was investigated by analyzing images of the contaminated surface, before and after treatment. The results reveal that the regeneration process is influenced by electrical and geometrical parameters and DBD reactor materials. The mechanisms of regeneration were analyzed in-situ by measuring changes in the size and concentration of the generated particles during the process of regeneration.

Today, the growing and aging population, and the rise of new global threats on human health puts an increasing demand on the healthcare system and calls for preventive actions. To make existing medical treatments more efficient and widely accessible and to prevent the emergence of new threats such as drug-resistant bacteria, improved diagnostic technologies are needed. Potential solutions to address these medical challenges could come from the development of novel lab-on-chip (LoC) for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics. At the same time, the increasing demand for sustainable energy calls for the development of novel approaches for energy conversion and storage systems (ECS), to which micro- and nanotechnologies could also contribute. This thesis has for objective to contribute to these developments and presents the results of interdisciplinary research at the crossing of three disciplines of physics and engineering: electrokinetic transport in fluids, manufacturing of micro- and nanofluidic systems, and surface control and modification. By combining knowledge from each of these disciplines, novel solutions and functionalities were developed at the macro-, micro- and nanoscale, towards applications in PoC diagnostics and ECS systems. At the macroscale, electrokinetic transport was applied to the development of a novel PoC sampler for the efficient capture of exhaled breath aerosol onto a microfluidic platform. At the microscale, several methods for polymer micromanufacturing and surface modification were developed. Using direct photolithography in off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (OSTE) polymers, a novel manufacturing method for mold-free rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices was developed. An investigation of the photolithography of OSTE polymers revealed that a novel photopatterning mechanism arises from the off-stoichiometric polymer formulation. Using photografting on OSTE surfaces, a novel surface modification method was developed for the photopatterning of the surface energy. Finally, a novel method was developed for single-step microstructuring and micropatterning of surface energy, using a molecular self-alignment process resulting in spontaneous mimicking, in the replica, of the surface energy of the mold. At the nanoscale, several solutions for the study of electrokinetic transport toward selective biofiltration and energy conversion were developed. A novel, comprehensive model was developed for electrostatic gating of the electrokinetic transport in nanofluidics. A novel method for the manufacturing of electrostatically-gated nanofluidic membranes was developed, using atomic layer deposition (ALD) in deep anodic alumina oxide (AAO) nanopores. Finally, a preliminary investigation of the nanopatterning of OSTE polymers was performed for the manufacturing of polymer nanofluidic devices. / <p>QC 20140509</p> / Rappid / NanoGate / Norosensor

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