Microarray technology provides powerful tools in the field of biomedicalresearch because it can measure molecular interactions in a highly parallelfashion. It has uses in protein, DNA or cell research, in both discovery anddiagnostic applications. Microfluidics, on the other hand, provides thenecessary tools to rapidly transport and mix small volumes of sample to amicro-sensor area. Bridging these two technologies has the potential todevelop a miniaturized, automated and ease-of-use toolbox for biologicalanalysis. However, the integration of microfluidics with microarrays is notstraightforward, as if a robust and leak-tight seal between the microarray andthe microfluidic channels. Current sealing methods are either impractical,such as mechanical clamping, or not compatible with proteins, such as heat orplasma bonding or gluing. Moreover the former methods create a permanentseal that, once applied prevents the microfluidic structure to be removed later.This work focuses on developing a microfluidic add-ons ("Biosticker") that canbe robustly sealed with protein microarrays with maintained biologicalactivity, but at the same time easily removed to allow for multiple stickersapplied in a sequence or scanning of the microarray in a standard reader. Thefeatures of the novel Biostickers are made possible by the use ofOff-stoichiometry thiol-ene-epoxy (OSTEmer) polymers. In this thesis, wedesign and fabricate Biostickers for rapid integration with pre-spottedmicroarrays and experimentally verify how these micropatterned Biostickerscan be used to significantly facilitate multiplexed assays, by avoiding the useof beads. / Microarray-tekniken är ett kraftfullt verktyg inom biomedicinsk forskningeftersom den kan mäta miljontals molekylära interaktioner parallellt. Den haranvändningsområden i protein-, DNA- eller cellforskning, både i forskningoch diagnostik. Mikrofluidik, å andra sidan, ger de nödvändiga verktygen föratt snabbt transportera och blanda små provvolymer till en sensoryta. Genomatt kombinera dessa två teknologier finns potential att utveckla enminiatyriserad, automatiserad och lättanvänd verktygslåda för biologiskanalys. Emellertid är integrationen av mikrofluidik med mikroarrayer inteenkel, då ytorna är känsliga, kanalerna mycket små men tätningen måste varaperfekt. De vanligast förekommande förseglingsmetoder är antingenopraktiska, som mekaniskt tryck eller så är de inte kompatibla med proteiner,som t.ex. värme- eller plasmabondning. Dessutom syftar de flestaförseglingsmetoder mot att skapa en permanent försegling som vidanvändning förhindrar mikrofluidikstrukturer från att tas bort i ett senareskede, tex. vid avläsning i en skanner. Detta arbete fokuserar på att utvecklamikrostrukturerade plastartiklar ("Biosticker") innehållande kanaler ochkaviteter. Dessa Biosticker kan på ett robust och läckfritt sätt kansammanfogas med proteinmikroarrayer utan att påverka den biologiskaaktivitetet men samtidigt kunna avlägsnas för att tillåta flera Biostickersapplicerade i en sekvens eller scanning i en mikroarrayläsare. Dessafunktioner möjliggörs genom av så kallade icke-stökiometrska-tiol-ene-epoxipolymerer (OSTEmer) används som material. I den här avhandlingenutvecklas och tillverkas Biostickers för snabb integrering medproteinmikroarrayer. Det verifieras även experimentellt hur dessa Biostickerskan användas för att underlätta genomförandet av sk. multiplexadeprotinanalyser.

Today, the growing and aging population, and the rise of new global threats on human health puts an increasing demand on the healthcare system and calls for preventive actions. To make existing medical treatments more efficient and widely accessible and to prevent the emergence of new threats such as drug-resistant bacteria, improved diagnostic technologies are needed. Potential solutions to address these medical challenges could come from the development of novel lab-on-chip (LoC) for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics. At the same time, the increasing demand for sustainable energy calls for the development of novel approaches for energy conversion and storage systems (ECS), to which micro- and nanotechnologies could also contribute. This thesis has for objective to contribute to these developments and presents the results of interdisciplinary research at the crossing of three disciplines of physics and engineering: electrokinetic transport in fluids, manufacturing of micro- and nanofluidic systems, and surface control and modification. By combining knowledge from each of these disciplines, novel solutions and functionalities were developed at the macro-, micro- and nanoscale, towards applications in PoC diagnostics and ECS systems. At the macroscale, electrokinetic transport was applied to the development of a novel PoC sampler for the efficient capture of exhaled breath aerosol onto a microfluidic platform. At the microscale, several methods for polymer micromanufacturing and surface modification were developed. Using direct photolithography in off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (OSTE) polymers, a novel manufacturing method for mold-free rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices was developed. An investigation of the photolithography of OSTE polymers revealed that a novel photopatterning mechanism arises from the off-stoichiometric polymer formulation. Using photografting on OSTE surfaces, a novel surface modification method was developed for the photopatterning of the surface energy. Finally, a novel method was developed for single-step microstructuring and micropatterning of surface energy, using a molecular self-alignment process resulting in spontaneous mimicking, in the replica, of the surface energy of the mold. At the nanoscale, several solutions for the study of electrokinetic transport toward selective biofiltration and energy conversion were developed. A novel, comprehensive model was developed for electrostatic gating of the electrokinetic transport in nanofluidics. A novel method for the manufacturing of electrostatically-gated nanofluidic membranes was developed, using atomic layer deposition (ALD) in deep anodic alumina oxide (AAO) nanopores. Finally, a preliminary investigation of the nanopatterning of OSTE polymers was performed for the manufacturing of polymer nanofluidic devices. / <p>QC 20140509</p> / Rappid / NanoGate / Norosensor