• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 41
  • 32
  • 11
  • 6
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 120
  • 120
  • 110
  • 35
  • 23
  • 18
  • 16
  • 15
  • 14
  • 14
  • 14
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 11
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Metodologia de elaboração automatizada de modelo digital de elevação e ortofoto em média e pequena escala. / Methodology of automatic digital elevation model and ortophotos construction to medium and small scales.

Idoeta, Ivan Valeije 19 November 2007 (has links)
O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a elaboração de modelos digitais de elevação e ortofotos, em média e pequena escala, de maneira automática, utilizando correlação de imagens digitais, a partir de fotografias aéreas métricas. Aborda conceitos básicos de Fotogrametria e correlação de imagens digitais, e lança o conceito da janela epipolar como ferramenta auxiliar na busca e correlação. Estas janelas permitem obter a máxima correlação simultânea entre duas ou mais imagens, como também a varredura em qualquer direção. Isso torna bastante robusto o método de elaboração dos produtos propostos. Esta metodologia foi implementada em um caso prático onde se utilizou uma cobertura aerofotogramétrica em escala 1:25.000. Os produtos foram validados, a partir de elementos de referência retirados de outra cobertura em escala 1:5.000. As precisões atenderam os requisitos do PEC Classe A para a escala 1:2.500 em planimetia, e intervalos de curvas de nível de 5 metros de eqüidistância, em altimetria. / This work presents a methodology for the production of digital elevation model and orthophotos on medium and small scales, with an automatic manner, using the concepts of digital image correlation. It presents basic fundamentals of photogrammetry and digital image correlation, and launches the concept of epipolar window like an auxiliary search and correlation tool. These windows allow the simultaneous multiple image correlation, in different direction scanning. This makes quite robust the production method of the proposed products. This methodology was implemented in a practical case, where 1:25.000 scale photogrammetric images were used. The products were validated using a 1:5.000 scale coverage as reference. The accuracy and precision achieved are into the Brazilian Cartography Standards as \"Classe A\" for the 1:2.500 scale, in planimmetry, and 5 meter contour lines interval in altimetry.
2

A Digital Elevation Model of the Lövåsen Esker

Bring, Hedda January 2007 (has links)
<p>The threats imposed by the ongoing climate change become successively more clear. In the municipality of Sandviken the possible rise in water level in the lake Storsjön might cause major problems. This study aims to produce an elevation model over one of the threatened areas so that the effect of different water levels in the lake can be studied in the future.</p><p>The area of study consists of an esker cutting straight through the lake Storsjön. The area is densely populated and the size is about 13 hectares.</p><p>Measurements were performed, both with GPS, utilizing Network-RTK, and with total station. The formations of the ridge were captured by following the breaklines with a point density of 225 points/ha as an intended goal.</p><p>The GPS measurements were transformed into the local coordinate system of Sandviken municipality. The measured coordinates for six control points were compared to the true coordinates. The fit was not perfect, so a Helmert transformation was performed on the plane coordinates. The accuracy of the measurements was below 50 mm after the transformation. Net adjustments in plane and height were performed on the total station measurements. The error ellipses for the station points varied from 2 to 44 mm. The over all point density achieved was 274 points/ha.</p><p>Two elevation models were created, one Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) and one interpolated model using a kriging interpolation. Contour lines from both models were produced and compared with each other. The TIN creates a more angular surface and therefore the contour lines are not as smooth as in the interpolated model. Both models showed good resemblance compared with the original data.</p> / <p>Problem relaterade till klimatförändringar blir alltmer uttalade. I Sandvikens kommun kan problem uppstå om vattennivåerna i Storsjön stiger. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att skapa en höjdmodell över ett av de utsatta områdena för att effekter av en eventuell vattennivåhöjning skall kunna studeras i framtiden.</p><p>Området består av en rullstensås som sträcker sig rakt igenom Storsjön. Området är tättbefolkat och ca 13 hektar stort.</p><p>Mätningarna utfördes med både GPS och totalstation. Vid GPS-mätningarna utnyttjades Nätverks-RTK. Åsens formationer fångades genom att följa brytlinjer med en estimerad punkttäthet på 225 punkter/ha.</p><p>GPS-mätningarna transformerades till Sandvikens lokala koordinatsystem. De mätta koordinaterna för sex kontrollpunkter jämfördes med de sanna koordinaterna. Eftersom de mätta värdena inte passade in perfekt så utfördes en Helmerttransformation av plankoordinaterna. Noggrannheten på mätta värden var inom 50 mm efter transformationen. Nätutjämningar i plan och höjd gjordes på totalstationsmätningarna. Felellipserna för stationspunkterna varierade mellan 2 och 44 mm. Den sammanlagda punkttätheten uppgick till 274 punkter/ha.</p><p>Två höjdmodeller framställdes, en TIN-model (Triangular Irregular Network) och en interpolerad model där interpolationsmetoden kriging användes. Höjdkurvor framställda från respektive modell skapades och jämfördes med varandra. Ett TIN ger en mer kantig yta vilket återspeglas i höjdkurvorna som inte är lika jämna som de från den interpolerade modellen. Båda modellerna visade god överensstämmelse med originaldata.</p>
3

A Digital Elevation Model of the Lövåsen Esker

Bring, Hedda January 2007 (has links)
The threats imposed by the ongoing climate change become successively more clear. In the municipality of Sandviken the possible rise in water level in the lake Storsjön might cause major problems. This study aims to produce an elevation model over one of the threatened areas so that the effect of different water levels in the lake can be studied in the future. The area of study consists of an esker cutting straight through the lake Storsjön. The area is densely populated and the size is about 13 hectares. Measurements were performed, both with GPS, utilizing Network-RTK, and with total station. The formations of the ridge were captured by following the breaklines with a point density of 225 points/ha as an intended goal. The GPS measurements were transformed into the local coordinate system of Sandviken municipality. The measured coordinates for six control points were compared to the true coordinates. The fit was not perfect, so a Helmert transformation was performed on the plane coordinates. The accuracy of the measurements was below 50 mm after the transformation. Net adjustments in plane and height were performed on the total station measurements. The error ellipses for the station points varied from 2 to 44 mm. The over all point density achieved was 274 points/ha. Two elevation models were created, one Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) and one interpolated model using a kriging interpolation. Contour lines from both models were produced and compared with each other. The TIN creates a more angular surface and therefore the contour lines are not as smooth as in the interpolated model. Both models showed good resemblance compared with the original data. / Problem relaterade till klimatförändringar blir alltmer uttalade. I Sandvikens kommun kan problem uppstå om vattennivåerna i Storsjön stiger. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att skapa en höjdmodell över ett av de utsatta områdena för att effekter av en eventuell vattennivåhöjning skall kunna studeras i framtiden. Området består av en rullstensås som sträcker sig rakt igenom Storsjön. Området är tättbefolkat och ca 13 hektar stort. Mätningarna utfördes med både GPS och totalstation. Vid GPS-mätningarna utnyttjades Nätverks-RTK. Åsens formationer fångades genom att följa brytlinjer med en estimerad punkttäthet på 225 punkter/ha. GPS-mätningarna transformerades till Sandvikens lokala koordinatsystem. De mätta koordinaterna för sex kontrollpunkter jämfördes med de sanna koordinaterna. Eftersom de mätta värdena inte passade in perfekt så utfördes en Helmerttransformation av plankoordinaterna. Noggrannheten på mätta värden var inom 50 mm efter transformationen. Nätutjämningar i plan och höjd gjordes på totalstationsmätningarna. Felellipserna för stationspunkterna varierade mellan 2 och 44 mm. Den sammanlagda punkttätheten uppgick till 274 punkter/ha. Två höjdmodeller framställdes, en TIN-model (Triangular Irregular Network) och en interpolerad model där interpolationsmetoden kriging användes. Höjdkurvor framställda från respektive modell skapades och jämfördes med varandra. Ett TIN ger en mer kantig yta vilket återspeglas i höjdkurvorna som inte är lika jämna som de från den interpolerade modellen. Båda modellerna visade god överensstämmelse med originaldata.
4

Metodologia de elaboração automatizada de modelo digital de elevação e ortofoto em média e pequena escala. / Methodology of automatic digital elevation model and ortophotos construction to medium and small scales.

Ivan Valeije Idoeta 19 November 2007 (has links)
O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a elaboração de modelos digitais de elevação e ortofotos, em média e pequena escala, de maneira automática, utilizando correlação de imagens digitais, a partir de fotografias aéreas métricas. Aborda conceitos básicos de Fotogrametria e correlação de imagens digitais, e lança o conceito da janela epipolar como ferramenta auxiliar na busca e correlação. Estas janelas permitem obter a máxima correlação simultânea entre duas ou mais imagens, como também a varredura em qualquer direção. Isso torna bastante robusto o método de elaboração dos produtos propostos. Esta metodologia foi implementada em um caso prático onde se utilizou uma cobertura aerofotogramétrica em escala 1:25.000. Os produtos foram validados, a partir de elementos de referência retirados de outra cobertura em escala 1:5.000. As precisões atenderam os requisitos do PEC Classe A para a escala 1:2.500 em planimetia, e intervalos de curvas de nível de 5 metros de eqüidistância, em altimetria. / This work presents a methodology for the production of digital elevation model and orthophotos on medium and small scales, with an automatic manner, using the concepts of digital image correlation. It presents basic fundamentals of photogrammetry and digital image correlation, and launches the concept of epipolar window like an auxiliary search and correlation tool. These windows allow the simultaneous multiple image correlation, in different direction scanning. This makes quite robust the production method of the proposed products. This methodology was implemented in a practical case, where 1:25.000 scale photogrammetric images were used. The products were validated using a 1:5.000 scale coverage as reference. The accuracy and precision achieved are into the Brazilian Cartography Standards as \"Classe A\" for the 1:2.500 scale, in planimmetry, and 5 meter contour lines interval in altimetry.
5

History to Data: Converting Topographic Maps into Digital Elevation Models

Pierce, Briar, Ernenwein, Eileen G. 07 April 2022 (has links)
Studying past landscapes existing before the modern era (pre-1945) carries great difficulty. Historical maps can offer insight to researchers, but the two-dimensional cartographic features on these maps remain largely inaccessible for geospatial analyses. This study investigates the idea of unlocking the data within historical maps to be utilized by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To realize this goal, the cartographic features must be extracted and converted into digital vector (line) and raster (grid) data. For the purposes of this study, we focus on the extraction of elevation contour lines in United States Geological Survey (USGS) historical topographic maps. These lines are converted into Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), thus creating historically accurate digital landscapes. To ensure a high-quality result, the topographically derived DEMs (TOPO-DEMs) are compared to modern satellite-derived DEMs. The implications of this study can be directly applied to historical, archeological, and environmental research.
6

Analysis of Viewshed Accuracy with Variable Resolution LIDAR Digital Surface Models and Photogrammetrically-Derived Digital Elevation Models

Miller, Matthew Lowell 20 December 2011 (has links)
The analysis of visibility between two points on the earth's terrain is a common use of GIS software. Most commercial GIS software packages include the ability to generate a viewshed, or a map of terrain surrounding a particular location that would be visible to an observer. Viewsheds are often generated using "bare-earth" Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from the process of photogrammetry. More detailed models, known as Digital Surface Models (DSMs), are often generated using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) which uses an airborne laser to scan the terrain. In addition to having greater accuracy than photogrammetric DEMs, LIDAR DSMs include surface features such as buildings and trees. This project used a visibility algorithm to predict visibility between observer and target locations using both photogrammetric DEMs and LIDAR DSMs of varying resolution. A field survey of the locations was conducted to determine the accuracy of the visibility predictions and to gauge the extent to which the presence of surface features in the DSMs affected the accuracy. The use of different resolution terrain models allowed for the analysis of the relationship between accuracy and optimal grid size. Additionally, a series of visibility predictions were made using Monte Carlo methods to add random error to the terrain elevation to estimate the probability of a target's being visible. Finally, the LIDAR DSMs were used to determine the linear distance of terrain along the lines-of-sight between the observer and targets that were obscured by trees or bushes. A logistic regression was performed between that distance and the visibility of the target to determine the extent to which a greater amount of vegetation along the line-of-sight impacted the target's visibility. / Master of Science
7

Discrete Representation of Urban Areas through Simplification of Digital Elevation Data

Chittineni, Ruparani 10 May 2003 (has links)
In recent years there has been large increase in the amount of digital mapping data of landscapes and urban environments available through satellite imaging. This digital information can be used to develop wind flow simulators over large cities or regions for various purposes such as pollutant transport control, weather forecasts, cartography and other topographical analysis. It can also be used by architects for city planning or by game programmers for virtual reality and similar applications. But this data is massive and contains a lot of redundant information such as trees, cars, bushes, etc. For many applications, it is beneficial to reduce these huge amounts of data through elimination of unwanted information and provide a good approximate model of the original dataset. The resultant dataset can then be utilized to generate surface grids suitable for CFD purposes or can be used directly for real-time rendering or other graphics applications. Digital Elevation Model, DEM, is the most basic data type in which this digital data is available. It consists of a sampled array of elevations for ground positions that are regularly spaced in a Cartesian coordinate system. The purpose of this research is to construct and test a simple and economical prototype which caters to image procesing and data reduction of DEM images through noise elimination and compact representations of complex objects in the dataset. The model is aimed at providing a synergy between resultant image quality and its size through the generation of various levels of detail. An alternate approach using the concepts of standard deviation helps in achieving the desired goal and the results obtained by testing the model on Salt Lake City dataset verify the claims. Thus, this thesis is aimed at DEM image processing to provide a simple and compact representation of complex objects encountered in large scale urban environment datasets and reduce the size of the dataset to accommodate efficient storage, computation, fast transmission across networks and interactive visualization.
8

An evaluation of digital elevation models and geotechnical properties of the glacial deposits in Franklin County, Ohio, using a geographic information system

Bates, Jeffrey Kenneth 19 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.
9

Digital terrain analysis to predict soil spatial patterns at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Gillin, Cody Palmer 15 May 2013 (has links)
Topographic analysis using digital elevation models (DEMs) has become commonplace in soil and hydrologic modeling and analysis and there has been considerable assessment of the effects of grid resolution on topographic metrics using DEMs of 10 m resolution or coarser. However, examining fine-scale (i.e., 1-10 m) soil and hydrological variability of headwater catchments may require higher-resolution data that has only recently become available, and both DEM accuracy and the effects of different high-resolution DEMs on topographic metrics are relatively unknown. This study has two principle research components. First, an error analysis of two high-resolution DEMs derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data covering the same headwater catchment was conducted to assess the applicability of such DEMs for modeling fine-scale environmental phenomena. Second, one LiDAR-derived DEM was selected for computing topographic metrics to predict fine-scale functional soil units termed hydropedological units (HPUs). HPU development is related to topographic and surface/subsurface heterogeneity resulting in distinct hydrologic flowpaths leading to variation of soil morphological expression. Although the two LiDAR datasets differed with respect to data collection methods and nominal post-spacing of ground returns, DEMs interpolated from each LiDAR dataset exhibited similar error. Grid resolution affected DEM-delineated catchment boundaries and the value of computed topographic metrics. The best topographic metrics for predicting HPUs were the topographic wetness index, bedrock-weighted upslope accumulated area, and Euclidean distance from bedrock. Predicting the spatial distribution of HPUs may provide a more comprehensive understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical functionality of headwater systems. / Master of Science
10

A vehicle-based laser system for generating high-resolution digital elevation models

Li, Peng January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Naiqian Zhang / Soil surface roughness is a major factor influencing soil erosion by wind and water. Studying surface roughness requires accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. A vehicle-based laser measurement system was developed to generate high-resolution DEM data. The system consisted of five units: a laser line scanner to measure the surface elevation, a gyroscope sensor to monitor the attitude of the vehicle, a real-time kinematic GPS to provide the geographic positioning, a frame-rail mechanism to support the sensors, and a data-acquisition and control unit. A user interface program was developed to control the laser system and to collect the sensors data through a field laptop. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the laser sensor on different type of targets. The results indicated that the laser measurement on a white paper had the least variability than that on other targets. The laser distance measurement was calibrated using the data acquired on the white paper. Static accuracy tests of the gyroscope sensor on a platform that allowed two-axis rotations showed that angle measurement errors observed in combined pitch/roll rotations were larger than those in single rotations. Within ±30° of single rotations, the measurement errors for pitch and roll angles were within 0.8° and 0.4°, respectively. A model to study the effect of attitude measurement error on elevation measurement was also developed. DEM models were created by interpolating the raw laser data using a two-dimensional, three-nearest neighbor, distance-weighted algorithm. The DEM models can be used to identify shapes of different objects. The accuracy of the laser system in elevation measurement was evaluated by comparing the DEM data generated by the laser system for an unknown surface with that generated by a more accurate laser system for the same surface. Within four replications, the highest correlation coefficient between the measured and reference DEMs was 0.9371. The correlation coefficients among the four replications were greater than 0.948. After a median threshold filter and a median filter were applied to the raw laser data before and after the interpolation, respectively, the correlation coefficient between the measured and reference DEMs was improved to 0.954. Correlation coefficients of greater than 0.988 were achieved among the four replications. Grayscale images, which were created from the intensity data provided by the laser scanner, showed the potential to identify crop residues on soil surfaces. Results of an ambient light test indicated that neither sunlight nor fluorescent light affected the elevation measurement of the laser system. A rail vibration test showed that the linear rail slightly titled towards the laser scanner, which caused small variations in the pitch angle. A preliminary test on a bare soil surface was conducted to evaluate the capability of the laser system in measuring the DEM of geo-referenced surfaces. A cross-validation algorithm was developed to remove outliers. The results indicated that the system was capable of providing geo-referenced DEM data.

Page generated in 0.1202 seconds