A fast and efficient hierarchical optimization engine was developed to benchmark and optimize various emerging device and interconnect technologies and system-level innovations at the early design stage. As the semiconductor industry approaches sub-20nm technology nodes, both devices and interconnects are facing severe physical challenges. Many novel device and interconnect concepts and system integration techniques are proposed in the past decade to reinforce or even replace the conventional Si CMOS technology and Cu interconnects. To efficiently benchmark and optimize these emerging technologies, a validated system-level design methodology is developed based on the compact models from all hierarchies, starting from the bottom material-level, to the device- and interconnect-level, and to the top system-level models. Multiple design parameters across all hierarchies are co-optimized simultaneously to maximize the overall chip throughput instead of just the intrinsic delay or energy dissipation of the device or interconnect itself. This optimization is performed under various constraints such as the power dissipation, maximum temperature, die size area, power delivery noise, and yield. For the device benchmarking, novel graphen PN junction devices and InAs nanowire FETs are investigated for both high-performance and low-power applications. For the interconnect benchmarking, a novel local interconnect structure and hybrid Al-Cu interconnect architecture are proposed, and emerging multi-layer graphene interconnects are also investigated, and compared with the conventional Cu interconnects. For the system-level analyses, the benefits of the systems implemented with 3D integration and heterogeneous integration are analyzed. In addition, the impact of the power delivery noise and process variation for both devices and interconnects are quantified on the overall chip throughput.

Yes / This is the twelfth workshop to be organised under the postgraduate programmes in electrical and electronic engineering (EEE). In total, thirty-four papers from forty-nine submissions have been selected for the Proceedings. The Proceedings comprises eleven themes, which reflect today's research agenda.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) with emerging technologies like e.g. fibre optic sensors, lasers, radars, acoustic emission and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) made an entrance into the civil engineering field in last decades. Expansion of new technologies together with development in data communication benefited for rapid development. The author has been doing research as well as working with SHM and related tasks nearly a decade. Both theoretical knowledge and practical experience are gained in this constantly developing field. This doctoral thesis presents lessons learned in SHM and sensory technologies when monitoring civil engineering structures, mostly bridges. Nevertheless, these techniques can also be used in most applications related to civil engineering like dams, high rise buildings, off-shore platforms, pipelines, harbour structures and historical monuments. Emerging and established technologies are presented, discussed and examples are given based on the experience achieved. A special care is given to Fibre Optic Sensor (FOS) technology and its latest approach. Results from crack detection testing, long-term monitoring, and sensor comparison and installation procedure are highlighted. The important subjects around sensory technology and SHM are discussed based on the author's experience and recommendations are given. Applied research with empirical and experimental methods was carried out. A state-of-the art-review of SHM started the process but extensive literature studies were done continuously along the years in order to keep the knowledge up to date. Several SHM cases, both small and large scale, were carried out including sensor selection, installation planning, physical installation, data acquisition set-up, testing, monitoring, documentation and reporting. One case study also included modification and improvement of designed system and physical repair of sensors as well as two Site Acceptance Tests (SATs) and the novel crack detection system testing. Temporary measuring and testing also took place and numerous Structural Health Monitoring Systems (SHMSs) were designed for new bridges. The observed and measured data/phenomena were documented and analysed.  Engineers, researchers and owners of structures are given an essential implement in managing and maintaining structures. Long-term effects like shrinkage and creep in pre-stressed segmental build bridges were studied. Many studies show that existing model codes are not so good to predict these long-term effects. The results gained from the research study with New Årsta Railway Bridge are biased be the fact that our structure is indeed special. Anyhow, the results can be compared to other similar structures and adequately used for the maintenance planning for the case study. A long-term effect like fatigue in steel structures is a serious issue that may lead to structural collapse. Novel crack detection and localisation system, based on development on crack identification algorithm implemented in DiTeSt system and SMARTape delamination mechanism, was developed, tested and implemented. Additionally, new methods and procedures in installing, testing, modifying and improving the installed system were developed. There are no common procedures how to present the existing FOS techniques. It is difficult for an inexperienced person to judge and compare different systems. Experience gained when working with Fibre Optic Sensors (FOS) is collected and presented. The purpose is, firstly to give advice when judging different systems and secondly, to promote for more standardised way to present technical requirements. Furthermore, there is need to regulate the vocabulary in the field. Finally, the general accumulated experience is gathered. It is essential to understand the complexity of the subject in order to make use of it. General trends and development are compared for different applications. As the area of research is wide, some chosen, specific issues are analysed on a more detailed level. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given, both specific and more general. SHMS for a complex structure requires numerous parameters to be measured. Combination of several techniques will enable all required measurements to be taken. In addition, experienced specialists need to work in collaboration with structural engineers in order to provide high-quality systems that complete the technical requirement. Smaller amount of sensors with proper data analysis is better than a complicated system with numerous sensors but with poor analysis. Basic education and continuous update for people working with emerging technologies are also obligatory. A lot of capital can be saved if more straightforward communication and international collaboration are established: not only the advances but also the experienced problems and malfunctions need to be highlighted and discussed in order not to be repeated. Quality assurance issues need to be optimized in order to provide high quality SHMSs. Nevertheless, our structures are aging and we can be sure that the future for sensory technologies and SHM is promising. The final conclusion is that an expert in SHM field needs wide education, understanding, experience, practical sense, curiosity and preferably investigational mind in order to solve the problems that are faced out when working with emerging technologies in the real world applications.  The human factor, to be able to bind good relationship with workmanship cannot be neglected either. There is also need to be constantly updated as the field itself is in continuous development. / QC 20111117 / SHMS of the New Årsta Railway Bridge

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound application (US, bath 25 kHz, 500 W) on physical, chemical and microbiological properties of Italian-type fermented sausage during processing and storage. The US was used after mass stuffing in synthetic packaging during 0 min, 3 min, 6 min and 9 min of application. Completely randomized design was adopted (DIC) and the data submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of the variables. Further, a Pearson´s correlation analysis was performed and the differences among the averages were calculated by using the Tukey s test (p≤0.05). Some data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), complemented by the technique of principal components analysis. The parameters of fermented sausage evaluated included counts of lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici) and Microccocaceae (Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus carnosus), aw, pH, color (CIE L * a * b *), lipid oxidation (peroxide value and TBARS ), protein oxidation (thiol), total heme pigments, non-heme iron and metmyoglobin, during processing (days 0, 2, 15 and 28) and along the shelf-life (after 1, 30 and 120 days). Texture parameters (cohesiveness, flexibility, chewiness and hardness) were evaluated in fermented sausages after 90 days of storage and the formation of volatile compounds at the beginning (day 1) and the end of storage (after 120 days). US had a positive effect on the growth of bacteria in some processing steps and storage conditions (p<0.05), especially on Micrococcaceae (Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus carnosus) with 9 min of US exposure. The pH, aw and color parameters were not significantly affected by the US (p>0.05). The oxidation of lipids and proteins was accelerated with US application, but maintaining acceptable values in the final product. The total heme pigments, non-heme iron and metmyoglobin were affected by sonication (p<0.05) and influenced the oxidative reactions and vice versa. The canonical discriminant analysis separated the samples into groups according to the day of evaluation and not according to the treatments. Therefore, due to the predominant effect of processing time / storage in fermented sausage characteristics a lack of significant effect of sonication time was observed. The US did not significantly affect texture profile parameters (p>0.05), but hardness and chewiness tended to reduce with sonication. Regarding the volatiles were no statistical differences between treatments (p>0.05), except for ethanol and hexanol (p<0.05) at the beginning of storage. The US has affected the growth curve of bacteria, accelerating or inhibiting their growth that some points, and has the potential to be explored in improving the texture and red color formation of fermented sausages. The lack of pronounced effect on US some characteristics was primarily attributable to acoustic parameters adopted, low exposure time to the US, fermented sausage consistency, mass heterogeneity and quantity / fat composition, among other factors. Thus, it is suggested to further studies to assess the potential of using the US as emerging technology in the fermented sausage manufacturing. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de banho de ultrassom (US, 25 kHz, 500 W) sobre características físicas, químicas e microbiológicas de salame tipo Italiano durante seu processamento e no armazenamento. O US foi usado logo após embutimento da massa na tripa durante diferentes tempos de exposição (0 min controle não sonicado, 3 min, 6 min e 9 min). Foi adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) e os dados submetidos à análise de variância univariada (ANOVA) para testar a significância das variáveis. Posteriormente foi feita análise de correlação de Pearson e as diferenças entre as médias calculadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). Alguns dados foram sujeitos à análise de variância multivariada (MANOVA), complementada pela técnica de componentes principais. As avaliações realizadas incluíram contagens das bactérias lácticas (Pediococcus pentosaceus e Pediococcus acidilactici) e Microccocaceae (Staphylococcus xylosus e Staphylococcus carnosus), aw, pH, cor (CIE L*a*b*), oxidação lipídica (índice de peróxidos e TBARS), oxidação proteica (tiol), pigmentos heme totais, ferro não heme e metamioglobina durante o processamento (dias 0, 2, 15 e 28) e ao longo da vida de prateleira (após 1, 30 e 120 dias). Parâmetros de textura (coesividade, flexibilidade, mastigabilidade e dureza) foram avaliados nos salames após 90 dias de armazenamento e a formação de compostos voláteis no início (1º dia) e fim do armazenamento (120º dia). O US exerceu efeito positivo no crescimento das bactérias em algumas etapas do processamento e do armazenamento (p<0,05), principalmente sobre Micrococcaceae (Staphylococcus xylosus e Staphylococcus carnosus) e com 9 min de exposição. O pH, aw e parâmetros de cor não foram afetados de maneira significativa pelo US (p>0,05). A oxidação de lipídios e de proteínas foi acelerada com o US, contudo mantendo valores aceitáveis. Os pigmentos heme totais, ferro não heme e metamioglobina foram afetados pela sonicação (p<0,05) e influenciaram nas reações oxidativas. A análise discriminatória canônica no processamento e no armazenamento separou as amostras em grupos de acordo com o dia de análise e não de acordo com os tratamentos, tanto em função do efeito preponderante do tempo de processamento/armazenamento nas características do salame quanto por falta de efeito expressivo do tempo de sonicação. O US não afetou significativamente parâmetros do perfil de textura (p>0,05), contudo dureza e mastigabilidade mostraram tendência a reduzirem com a sonicação. Com relação aos compostos voláteis, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos (p>0,05), com exceção de etanol e hexanol (p<0,05) no início do armazenamento. O US afetou a curva de crescimento das bactérias, acelerando ou inibindo seu crescimento em alguns pontos, e apresenta potencial a ser explorado na melhora da textura e na formação de cor vermelha do salame. A falta de efeito pronunciado do US sobre algumas características foi atribuída principalmente aos parâmetros acústicos adotados, baixo tempo de exposição ao US, consistência do salame, heterogeneidade da massa e quantidade/composição da gordura, entre outros fatores. Com isso, sugere-se a realização de mais estudos que avaliem as potencialidades do uso do US como tecnologia emergente na fabricação de salame.

Transmedia books are new and emerging technologies which are beginning to be used in current classrooms. Transmedia books are a traditional printed book that uses multiple media though the use of Quick Response (QR) codes and augmented reality (AR) triggers to access web-based technology. Using the transmedia book Skills That Engage Me students in kindergarten through second grade engage in curriculum designed to introduce science skills and careers. Using the modified Draw-a-Scientist Test (mDAST), observations and interviews, researchers analyzed pre and post data to describe changes students have about science and scientists. Future study may include the development and validation of a new instrument, Draw a Science Student, and examining the mDAST checklist with the intention of updating the parameters of what is considered positive and negative in relationship with work a scientist conducts.

As business, technologies, and products changes so quickly in the modern day business environment, the complexity of launching new products into global markets increases. Therefore, the significance of the new product development (NPD) concept is rising, according to researchers. This master thesis is based, through a preliminary literature review, on the assumption that traditional NPD frameworks have deficiencies today. This is because as a NPD process is an on-going process that is performed repeatedly, the importance of putting forth new considerations to the NPD based on multi-aspect industrial characteristics today is needed for a sustainable NPD framework. Therefore, this study will put forth a new multi-aspect NPD framework with emphasis on technological-, global collaboration-, and financial elements to target the literature gap that is claimed to exist. The process of the research methodology followed a deductive approach, with an explorative-, descriptive- and analytical study. The collected data was of qualitative type, through 12 semi-structured interviews. A total of six Swedish high-technological manufacturing firms were interviewed, four of which were for empirical purposes, and two for contextual understanding. The author came to the conclusion that various deviations were found in setting the multi-aspect NPD approach in contrast to traditional NPD frameworks. The significance of “Open Innovation” concepts was adamant as being the stepping-stone for idea generation, conceptualization, and strategic partnership that was not brought up by traditional literature. Openness in all elements of the multiple-aspect NPD framework setup in this study was imperative, as the empirical findings suggested that the business environment for high-technological industries shifted towards an increased technological- and financial convergence. During the latter stages, minor deviations were found, with emphasis on collaboration elements between the R&amp;D-, production- and marketing divisions within the firms.

The use of AI  within the judicial field has  seen an increase in recent years,  and  the implementation of AI brings with it a new set of ethical and moral dilemmas that affect the field as well as the individuals working there. This study explores the moral and ethical values of correctional officers  within  the  Swedish  Prison  and  Probation service and  how their values, together  with trust  in  AI,  affect  their  perception  of a future  AI implementation.  This study conceptualizes AI as an emerging technology that has the potential to alter what it means to be a correctional officer and to transform the structure of a prison as a workplace. To answer these questions,  a mixed approach case study was performed at the  Swedish  Prison and  Probation service.    The study found that the correctional  officers’ imaginings of AI varied, ranging from simple translation systems to complex androids.  The correctional officers saw  AI  as an emerging technology with the potential to reduce the hierarchical structures of the workplace and disrupt the meaning of the correctional officer, reducing the role of the correctional officer to a prison guard. Lastly, the study concluded that the values of the correctional officers could  either act as enabling or preventive against  specific AI implementations depending on the need for allowing intrinsic human values to manifest in the work activities, both in general trust and trust in specific AI applications.    The author further discusses  the lens of judicial AI for exploring  the  Swedish  Prison and Probation service and examines the utilization of trust for  understanding  AI implementation. Further research in both AI and trust as a theoretical framework is called for.

<p>  </p> <p>By means of this dissertation we bring to light that FETs (that are either Si or 2D-TMD based) when coupled with piezoelectric or ferroelectric materials can offer attractive solutions such as (i) technology scaling, (ii) non-volatile memory functionality and (iii) beyond-von-Neumann computing paradigms that address the limitations of current architectures. Our efforts encompass the domains of steep switching devices, non-volatile memories, computation-in-memory and non-Boolean computing, wherein we explore devices embedded with piezoelectric (strain-based) and ferroelectric (polarization-based) properties and propose novel circuits based on them, while focusing on understanding their device-circuit interactions and system implications.</p>

Waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it ismanaged. Different waste treatment technologies are available at present to manage municipal solidwaste (MSW). Various actors are involved to develop waste treatment technology for certain area.The aim of this study is to analyze the driving forces in technical development in waste sector inSweden. The study is also done to identify emerging waste management technology in Sweden.Moreover, a comparative study of existing and emerging technologies is done by Life CycleAssessment (LCA) model. An extensive literature review and pilot questionnaire survey among thewaste management professionals’ is done for the study. LCA model is developed by SimaProsoftware CML2 baseline method is used for identifying environmental burden from the wastetechnologies.Dry composting, Pyrolysis-Gasification (P-G), Plasma-Arc are identified as potential emergingtechnologies for waste management system in Sweden. Technical developments of thesetechnologies are influenced by indigenous people’s behavior, waste characteristics, regulations, healthor environmental impact and global climate change. Comparative LCA model of P-G andIncineration shows that, P-G is a favorable waste treatment technology than Incineration for MSW,especially in acidification, global warming and aquatic eco-toxicity impact categories.

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