This thesis seeks to conceptualise and mobilise migration resistances as forces of animation through which contemporary forms of EUropean border governance can be productively explored. By following different migration struggles ethnographically, it inquires into their emergence and asks what practices of government and control they reveal. Situated within the academic fields of ‘critical border and migration studies’ and Michel Foucault’s conceptualisations of power, resistance and the art of government, resistance is understood as method. As a set of analytics and catalysts that sets sociopolitical processes and phenomena into frictional motion, resistance is developed as a mode of critical investigation. It is argued that, while always specific and situated, migration struggles form transversal resistances that bring to light particular aspects of the ‘EUropean border dispositif’ which seeks to monitor, regulate and deter certain human mobilities. In a multi-sited ethnography, conducted in diverse borderscapes, heterogeneous struggles are explored. The first study follows the Non-Citizen movement that emerged in Germany and interprets their confrontational and provocative struggle as dissent. The second ethnographic study explores the Boats4People campaign that took place in Italy and Tunisia to protest migrant deaths in the Mediterranean Sea and focuses on their embodied practices of solidarity. The third study follows different individuals and groups in transit into three Greek borderscapes and conceives their attempts of border-subversion and escape as excessive practices. Dissent, solidarity and excess are mobilised and interpreted as three specific but interrelated facets of resistance that collide with and contest manifold diffused border practices and materialisations throughout and beyond EUropean space. Furthermore, it is argued that migration struggles question the community in whose name unbelonging and exclusions are performed. The thesis suggests that these resistances not only expose certain dominant discursive frames through which EUrope becomes continuously reproduced and recognised as united, peaceful and humanitarian, but also draw attention to questions of colonialism and race as well as to the various registers of violence that must always underpin EUrope’s division-creating practices. Through migration struggles, EUrope’s dominant frames and self-conceptions are decentered so that other imaginaries of politics, solidarity and community come to the fore.

From the 1830s to 1917, despair in India drove a small minority into indentureship overseas. These were probably men and women of considerable initiative and extraordinary courage. Their achievements in British Guiana suggest this. Men, women, and children toiled relentlessly on the sugar plantations, while exploiting every conceivable niche to supplement meagre wages. They built a stable family life. They adapted rice and cattle to the plantation environment, thus adumbrating the character of future Indian villages; but they also resisted the injustices of the system. Indians founded villages throughout coastal Guiana, from the late nineteenth-century. In spite of endemic malaria, a hazardous environment requiring elaborate drainage and irrigation, poor sanitation, an undercurrent of Black envy, and the remorseless hostility of the plantocracy and the State to Indian enterpise in rice and cattle, they progressed. Indians adapted their rich material and religious culture, recreating aspects of their ancestral villages. At the hub of their tradition was the family: although most migrated alone, a modified joint-family structure evolved. Their thrift, industry, judicious delegation of family labour, and an exemplary commitment to their families, sustained them in activities which others considered unremunerative. The practice of Hinduism and Islam was costly; it encouraged saving. Cultural security strengthened their self-confidence and sustained effort; it bred a sense of purpose. By the 1920s, rice, cattle, commerce, etc., had spawned an Indian middle class. These set standards for the community: they established an entrepreneurial tradition; their professional achievements undermined Indian indifference to education; some promoted intellectual curiosity; and facilitated Indian participation in organised cricket, the most eloquent manifestation of arrival. The middle class expanded conceptions of attainable goals. But Indian adaptation was shaped profoundly by a resurgence of pride in the achievements of ancient India and the rise of Gandhi. A separate Indian community, differing significantly in their basic assumptions from those of the Blacks, developed in British Guiana. The implications for race relations were already ominous in the 1920s.

This thesis examines the forms of identity which are adopted by individuals who were born in Birmingham with at least one parent who had been born in Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland and the processes of identity formation which give life to these identities. This thesis places the identity and experiences of the research population within the context of the Anglo-Irish historical relationship, political situation in Northern Ireland and the events surrounding the 'Birmingham Pub Bombings'. It also positions the group in relation to recent academic debates regarding race, ethnicity and 'dominant group identity'. It is intended that this thesis will represent a contribution to these debates and to the understanding of Irish experience in Britain. The fieldwork phase of the project was conducted in Birmingham and consisted of two distinct, yet overlapping stages. Firstly, a survey of the research population using questionnaires which were distributed to potential respondents by a series of 'gatekeepers'. This provided data and served as a filter to stage two. Secondly, fifteen semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews with members of the cohort.

Cette thèse travail s'articule autour des deux phénomènes : le capital humain et la migrationdes qualifiés. Les arguments consolidant le choix de cette interaction tiennent d'une part au constat selonlequel le capital humain constitue pour le Liban la seule matière première parce qu'il nedispose pas de ressources naturelles ni d'autres matières premières pouvant favoriser sondéveloppement; et d'autre part à la fatalité d'émigrer en l'absence de débouchés.La thèse est composée de trois parties. Dans la première partie, sont extraits de l'abondantelittérature les principaux traits liés au capital humain tels que son apport à l'accroissement ducapital et de la production de long terme et donc à la croissance du pays considéré; sont étayéspar la suite les motivations de la fuite des cerveaux et leurs effets sur les pays de départ(développé) et d'accueil (sous développé).La deuxième partie est destinée à décrire dans l'économie libanaise, les facteurs de générationdu capital, les niveaux d'emploi des qualifiés et l'émigration des qualifiés.La troisième partie est consacrée au modèle qui combine ces deux phénomènes en vue demettre en relief leur interaction. Ce modèle s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux traitant dudrainage des cerveaux à l'aide d'une économie à générations imbriquées où sont représentésles choix des consommateurs et ceux du producteur, il met l'accent sur la divergence d'intérêt,vis à vis des migrants qualifiés, entre les pays source d'émigration et les pays d'accueil.Ce modèle a le mérite de relier les effets micro-économiques caractérisés par un choixindividuel de se former et/ou de migrer aux conséquences macro-économiques du mouvementmigratoire qui en résultent en analysant les revenus des agents, leur niveau d'emploi, le stockde capital et la production de long terme, et le bien être collectif.La résolution du modèle donne la quantité optimale de cette migration sélective. Cettequantité est explicitée pour les pays de départ et d'accueil dans une optique de long termeselon des situations de concurrence pure et parfaite et de syndicalisation des qualifiés. Les résultats numériques obtenus confirment clairement le constat suivant : les pays d'accueilreceveur d'immigrants qualifiés en bénéficie nettement, tandis que le pays source convoyeurd'émigrants se soumet à une ponction de l'un de ses facteurs les plus productifs. Ces résultatspermettent en outre de dresser pour les deux pays un tableau comparatif des salaires, desniveaux d'emploi, des biens être individuels et collectifs, du capital et du produit.Les différentes comparaisons établies des valeurs numériques laissent présager un moyend'action par le décideur politique du pays source d'émigration, en vue d'atténuer les effetsnéfastes de cette fuite des cerveaux. Ce moyen peut se réaliser, d'une part, grâce à despolitiques favorables à l'organisation des qualifiés au sein d'un groupe de pression ; et d'autrepart, en orientant l'émigration des qualifiés vers les pays dont l'économie est la plus libérale. / This thesis focuses on two phenomena: human capital and skilled migration.Such a choice is consolidated by the observation that on the one hand, humancapital is for Lebanon the only raw material given that it has no other resourcesof any kind that can promote its development, and on the other hand theinevitability of migration in the absence of opportunities.This thesis consists of three parts. In the first one, we extract from the abundantliterature the main features related to human capital, such as its contribution tothe growth of long-term capital and long-term production and therefore thegrowth of the considered country. Then, we study in detail the motivations ofbrain drain and its impact on source countries (underdeveloped) and hostcountries (developed).The second part is intended to describe in the Lebanese economy, factors ofgeneration of human capital, skilled employment levels, and skilled workersemigration.The third part is devoted to a model that combines these two phenomena inorder to highlight their interaction. This model is part of the work dealing withbrain drain using an overlapping generation economy in which are representedthe choices of consumers and producers. This model emphasizes the divergenceof interest towards skilled migrants, between source of emigration and hostcountries.This model has the merit of linking microeconomic effects characterized by anindividual choice of training to become skilled and of migrating, to themacroeconomic consequences of migratory movements, through an analysis ofagents' income and their employment level, long-term capital stock, long-termproduction, and welfare.Resolving the model gives the optimal quantity of this selective migration. Thisquantity is made explicit for source and host countries in a long-term perspectivefollowing pure and perfect competition situation and unionization of skilledworkers.The numerical results clearly confirm the following observation: the hostcountry clearly benefits from these skilled immigrants while the source countryis subject to the drain of one of its most production factors. These results alsoallow us to make for both countries a comparison of wages, employment levels,individual and collective welfare, capital and product.Comparisons of different numerical values suggest a means of action by thepolicymaker in the source country to mitigate the negative effects of the braindrain. This method can be achieved, on the one hand, through policiesfavourable to the qualified organization within a pressure group, and on theother hand, by directing skilled emigration to countries whose economy is mostliberal.

This work is dealing with arrival and settlement of the Czech in Volhynia. It considers to analyse about Czech from czech countries and their arrival to Volhynia, about their settlement in this area. Theories of migrations a theories of ethnicity and identity will be also used. Aim of this work will be specification of reasons about Czech departure and their analysis of their settlement in Volhynia. From this resulted question about changes of socio-economic position in Czech and in Volhynia, which will be investigated with comparation to ukrainian majority. Author will come out from the press, especially from Národní listy, Čechoslovan and Věrná stráž, and so on from archive fonds of Národní archiv in Prague (Svaz Čechů z Volyně, Žatec 1946-1958, Československý ústav zahraniční 1928-1941) and from chronicles writed by volhynian Czechs.

A partir d'une enquête ethnographique conduite en Algérie puis en France, cette thèse d'anthropologie aborde le sujet des écoles privées de programme français à Tizi Ouzou. Elles apparaissent en septembre 1991, le lendemain de l'ouverture démocratique qui donnera lieu à la naissance du parti kabyle RCD, mais aussi à la veille de la victoire du FIS aux législatives de décembre. / This doctoral thesis in anthropologie is based on an ethnographic inquiry conducted in Algéria and in France. This thesis tackles the issue of private schools following french programmes in Tizi Ouzou. The schools appeared in september 1991, immediatly after the democratic opening witch gave birth to the RCD but also shortly before the FIS victory at the legislative elections.

Doctor of Philosophy / Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Lothar F. Weyher / This dissertation explores the case of emigration from Latvia towards the West after collapse of the Soviet Union. It takes the perspective of a particular cultural structure that came to dominate post-Soviet Latvia and adopts the vantage point of the state-society relationships this structure has cast. The central question of this study examines: what is the relationship between the cultural structure in post-Soviet Latvia and emigration towards the West? This study answers this question by contrasting Latvia’s civil discourse with emigrants’ and those who remain in Latvia personal narratives through the lens of cultural sociology that emphasizes the role of the symbolic realm, meaning making, and emotions. Research findings suggested that the post-Soviet cultural structure was dominated by "symbolic codes" (Alexander and Smith, 1993) or sharp divides such as West vs. East/Soviet, Right vs. Left, and Developed vs. Underdeveloped. Notably, symbolic codes of West, Right and Developed were constructed as “sacred” while their opposites were pushed out of "sacred" and ridiculed. These divides originated from such particular emotions as shame, confidence/pride and fear. Their meanings in the dominant transformation discourse and emotional origins were formative to the identity and modern state craft, and subjectivities in post-Soviet Latvia. These sharp divides between what is "sacred" in a community and what is not, came with "unintended consequences" (Weber, 2002). These divides and how they shaped the transformation discourse trumpeted misguided notion of the West, post-Soviet Latvia so eagerly wanted to resemble and belong to. Given this distorted notion of the West, the ruling elite fashioned environment where people not only lost hope for their better future in Latvia but began to lose their self-confidence - an important emotion for one’s "willingness to act" (Barbalet, 2004, p.83); and, as such, were more prone to emigration. Emigration for my respondents provided the space where West and Left were experienced as compatible despite their construction as incompatible in post-Soviet Latvia. Amidst confidence over their better future in their receiving countries, this gave to emigrants also a feeling of comfort, sense of self-confidence and empowerment.

This dissertation on the History of Emigration from the Czech Lands to Brazil in the 19th century focuses on the evidence of Czech nationals in Brazil in a much deeper and more extensive scope than can be found in existing works and research. The topic of this paper describes in detail the life stories of individuals as well as whole families whose origins are Czech, yet whose awareness of "being Czech" has partially or completely faded over time. Czech emigrants left for Brazil (regarding the period my work deals with) as citizens of Austria, or Austria-Hungary, as the union came into existence in 1867. Moreover, many of them were ethnic Germans living in Czech, who later mostly joined German colonies in Brazil. The vast majority of papers concentrates on the issues of emigration in the context of countries where German was spoken, without elaborating further on the countries themselves, despite Austria, later Austria-Hungary, being a multinational state. The country covered a territory comprising several nations of various cultures as well as various official languages. The aim of the dissertation is to single out individuals from the "German group" whose origins can be clearly proved by birth in the Czech Kingdom, or to be more precise, in the territory of today's Czech Republic. In addition,...

Orientador: Marcelo Santos / Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello / Banca: Sidney Antonio da Silva / Banca: Eric Gustavo Cardin / Banca: Joaquín Arango / Resumo: Essa pesquisa analisa o processo de imigração e trabalho dos Haitianos no Oeste do Paraná. Os primeiros imigrantes chegaram em 2012 trazidos do Acre por empresários locais para suprir a carência de trabalho manual inicialmente na construção civil. A falta de mão de obra delineou as primeiras migrações de haitianos para a região, fortalecida posteriormente com as redes de apoio. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com utilização da pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas 60 entrevistas a fim de testar a hipótese se os empreendimentos frigoríficos privados têm contribuído para atrair a imigração haitiana no Oeste do Paraná. O município de Cascavel-PR foi selecionado como amostra por ser a cidade com o maior número de haitianos do Estado. Como resultados dessa pesquisa, destacam-se: a desconstrução do mito da crise migratória e sua importância enquanto ideologia para ocultar a existência de uma crise humanitária, com políticas estatais reduzidas ao fechamento das fronteiras e transgressão dos direitos humanos. Os imigrantes haitianos no Oeste do Paraná são força de trabalho substituta e disponíveis nos frigoríficos com organização produtiva baseada no fordismo/taylorismo que demandam mão de obra abundante, trabalho simplificado e intensa exploração da força de trabalho. Também constatou-se a vinculação dos frigoríficos à globalização, os quais sob o pseudo conceito de cooperativas, ocultam a presença de trustes na região ao passo que os representam e definem o preço da força de trabal... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research analyses the process of immigration of Haitians to the West of Paraná. The first immigrants from Haiti came in 2012, brought from the state of Acre by local employers to work in civil construction to overcome the labour shortage in this field. The process of immigration was later strengthned by local support nets. Through qualitative research and field research, 60 interviews were made in order to test the the following assumption the local cold stores have been contributed to push the immigration process through in the West of Paraná. The city of Cascavel was chosen as a sample because it is the city where there are the largest number of Haitians in the state. As a result of this research, it is worth stressing the dispelling of the myth of the migration crisis and its importance as an ideology created to hide the existence of a humanitarian crisis, with state policies reduced to borders closing and transgression of human rights. The Haitian immigrants in the West of Paraná are a substitute and available labour force to work in the cold stores, which productivity is based on the Fordism and Taylorism. The work is simplified and the exploitation of the labor force is intense. It was also found the link between the cold stores and globalization. The cold stores also hide the presence of trusts in the region under the false concept of a farm cooperative. They represent and define the price of the labour force in the cold stores. As a result of this process, there ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (M.A.(International Relations))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2016. / Today, it is estimated that annually, 70,000 skilled Africans depart their nations of origin to pursue professional and educational opportunities abroad. Many leaders, policymakers and developmental practitioners believe that this steady stream of emigrants—commonly referred to as brain drain—has a substantial impact on the ability of African nations to develop. As such, brain drain is rapidly becoming one of the most salient issues on the African development agenda. Conventional wisdom had it that once nations improved their political, economic and social conditions, brain drain would abate. Yet, some countries, which have succeededin advancing socio-economic reforms and political freedoms, are seeing an increase in skilled emigration. The West African nation of Ghana is one nation that is experiencing this problem, to the detriment of key areas such as education and healthcare. In an effort to curtail the impact of brain drain on development, several entities have undertaken initiatives to mitigate the effects of the phenomenon.This research will assess efforts to ameliorate the effects of brain drain in Ghana. Specifically, it examinestwo programs facilitated by the International Organization for Migration—the Return of Qualified African Nationals initiative and Migration for Development in Africa—as well as interventions by the Republic of Ghana. The purpose of the study is to better understand the objectives of these brain gain initiatives, how the programs are facilitated and their impact in order to extrapolate lessons that can assist future actors in formulating more effective measures to combat brain drain. / GR2017